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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Analysis of stress-strain, fracture and ductility behavior of aluminum matrix composites containing discontinuous silicon carbide reinforcement

Mechanical properties and stress-strain behavior for several types of commercially fabricated aluminum matrix composites, containing up to 40 vol % discontinuous SiC whisker, nodule, or particulate reinforcement were evaluated. It was found that the elastic modulus of the composites was isotropic, to be independent of type of reinforcement, and to be controlled solely by the volume percentage of SiC reinforcement present. The yield/tensile strengths and ductility were controlled primarily by the matrix alloy and temper condition. Ductility decreased with increasing reinforcement content, however, the fracture strains observed were higher than those reported in the literature for this type of composite. This increase in fracture strain is attributed to cleaner matrix powder and increased mechanical working during fabrication. Conventional aluminum and titanium structural alloys were compared and have shown that the properties of these low cost, lightweight composites have good potential for application to aerospace structures.

Mcdanels, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Tensile Fracture of Ductile Materials

For brittle materials, circular voids play an important role relative to fracture, intensifing both tensile and compressive stresses. A maximum intensified tensile stress failure criterion applies quite well to brittle materials. An attempt was made to explore the possibility of extending the approach to the tensile fracture of ductile materials. The three dimensional voids that exist in reality are modelled by circular holes in sheet metal. Mathematical relationships are sought between the shape and size of the hole, after the material is plastically deformed, and the amount of deformation induced. Then, the effect of hole shape, size and orientation on the mechanical properties is considered experimentally. The presence of the voids does not affect the ultimate tensile strength of the ductile materials because plastic flow wipes out the stress intensification caused by them. However, the shape and orientation of the defect is found to play an important role in affecting the strain at fracture.

Pai, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Ductility in rapidly solidified NiAl

An attempt is made to refine the grain structure of equiatomic NiAl by means of rapid solidification processing, and to examine the effect of small grain size on room temperature ductility. Free melt spinning was used to produce the rapidly solidified material. Room temperature bend testing of both as-spun and heat-treated NiAl ribbon was conducted by free bending the ribbon around a mandrel of successively smaller diameter until failure occurred. Room-temperature plastic deformation was exhibited both before and after a 1-h heat treatment at 1000 C. Heat treatment increased the observed ductility.

Gaydosh, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Analysis of stress-strain, fracture, and ductility behavior of aluminum maxtrix composites containing discontinuous silicon carbide reinforcement

Mechanical properties and stress-strain behavior were evaluated for several types of commercially fabricated aluminum matrix composites, containing up to 40 vol pct discontinuous SiC whisker, nodule, or particulate reinforcement. The elastic modulus of the composites was found to be isotropic, to be independent of type of reinforcement, and to be controlled solely by the volume percentage of SiC reinforcement present. The yield/tensile strengths and ductility were controlled primarily by the matrix alloy and temper condition. Type and orientation of reinforcement had some effect on the strengths of composites, but only for those in which the whisker reinforcement was highly oriented. Ductility decreased with increasing reinforcement content; however, the fracture strains observed were higher than those reported in the literature for this type of composite. This increase in fracture strain was probably attributable to cleaner matrix powder, better mixing, and increased mechanical working during fabrication. Comparison of properties with conventional aluminum and titanium structural alloys showed that the properties of the low-cost, lightweight composites demonstrated very good potential for application to aerospace structures.

Mcdanels, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Room temperature tensile ductility in polycrystalline B2 Ni-30Al-20Fe

A room-temperature tensile elongation of about 2.5 percent, where the only slip vector observed was the 100, has been determined for a double-extruded B2 Ni-30Al-20Fe alloy consisting of recrystallized equiaxed grains about 25 microns in diameter; these results suggest that 100-slip does not preclude limited ductility in polycrystalline B2 alloys in tension at low temperatures. A suppression of ordering through resort to rapid solidification, in other words, is not necessary for ductility, since the cast and as-extruded alloy presently examined is ordered.

Guha, Sumit↗
NASA NTRS1989

Observations on the brittle to ductile transition temperatures of B2 nickel aluminides with and without zirconium

The effect of a zirconium addition (0.05 at. pct) to a stoichiometric NiAl alloy on the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT) of this alloy was investigated. Constant velocity tensile tests were conducted to fracture between 300 and 1100 K under initial strain rate 0.00014/sec, and the true stress and true strain values were determined from plots of load vs time after subtracting the elastic strain. The inelastic strain was measured under a traveling microscope. Microstructural characterization of as-extruded and fractured specimens was carried out by SEM and TEM. It was found that, while the addition of 0.05 at. pct Zr strengthened the NiAl alloy, it increased its BDTT; this shift in the BDTT could not be attributed either to variations in grain size or to impurity contents. Little or no room-temperature ductility was observed for either alloy.

Raj, S. V.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Lithospheric extension near Lake Mead, Nevada - A model for ductile flow in the lower crust

Small variations in gravity anomalies and topographic elevation observed in areas that have undergone highly variable amounts of upper crustal thinning can be satisfactorily explained by ductile flow of lower crustal material under the proper conditions. The boundary between the unextended Colorado Plateau and a strongly extended domain in the Basin and Range Province in the Lake Mead (Nevada) region is examined. Finite element modeling of Newtonian flow and power law creep shows that flow over the length scale of the eastern Basin and Range (500) km or more) corresponding to upper crustal extension by a factor of 1.4-3 over 10 million years requires effective viscosities less than 10 to the 18th - 10 to the 20th Pa s for ductile channels 10-25 km thick. Modeling suggests that these effective viscosities may be sustained by lower crustal material deforming at laboratory-derived power law creep rates. The longer-scale flow may require elevated crustal temperatures (more than 700 C), depending on the composition and material properties assumed. Under the boundary conditions assumed in this study the linear viscous flow models yield a satisfactory approximation to deformation by power law creep. This work suggests that flow in the lower crust may be a viable mechanism for producing small variations in total crustal thickness between strongly extended and less extended regions, and thereby explaining the relative uniformity in gravity and topography between such regions.

Kruse, Sarah↗
NASA NTRS1990

The potential for ductility enhancement from surface and interface dislocation sources in NiAl

Limited ductility and toughness of NiAl and related aluminides near room temperature pose major problems in their potential application as structural materials. An analysis of these problems is presented as part of a review of the flow and fracture behavior of binary NiAl. Following this discussion is a demonstration that conditions of elastic and plastic constraint associated with phase boundaries afforded by surface films, internal lamellae, or precipitates may introduce sufficient densities of mobile dislocations to enhance the ductility of NiAl-based materials by significant amounts. Examples of this behavior are presented for several model materials, including 001- and 123-oriented single crystals of oxide-coated NiAl, directionally solidified beta-gamma-prime (Ni70Al30) and beta-gamma (Ni50Fe30Al20) in situ composites, and several NiAl/precipitate systems. The nature of the resulting dislocation substructures and the effects of several materials variables are described.

Noebe, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Ductility enhancement from interface dislocation sources in a directionally solidified beta + gamma + gamma-prime Ni-Fe-Al composite alloy

A directionally solidified beta + gamma + gamma-prime Ni-Fe-Al in situ composite alloy of composition Ni50Fe30Al20 has been used to investigate the effect of a plastically soft second phase on the mechanical behavior of a B2 ordered intermetallic alloy. This material exhibits extensive plasticity during compressive deformation at room temperature and fails in shear with extensive gamma + gamma-prime lamellar or rod pullout. The material also exhibits about 10 percent tensile elongation to fracture at room temperature, with final fracture that includes substantial necking of the gamma + gamma-prime lamellae or rods. Observation of slip lines and dislocation substructures discloses that the normally brittle beta matrix undergoes extensive plasticity in order to deform compatibly with the more ductile gamma phase. The plasticity of the beta matrix is accomplished by the generation of glissile dislocations into the beta matrix from the beta/gamma interface region and is enhanced because of a favorable beta-gamma orientation relationship for slip transfer. Ductility enhancement from interface-generated mobile dislocations generated from beta-gamma interfaces is compared to that observed in film-coated beta-NiAl single crystals and FeAl polycrystals.

Larsen, M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Deformation mechanisms of NiAl cyclicly deformed near the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature

The intermetallic compound NiAl is one of many advanced materials which is being scrutinized for possible use in high temperature, structural applications. Stoichiometric NiAl has a high melting temperature, excellent oxidation resistance, and good thermal conductivity. Past research has concentrated on improving monotonic properties. The encouraging results obtained on binary and micro-alloyed NiAl over the past ten years have led to the broadening of NiAl experimental programs. The purpose of this research project was to determine the low cycle fatigue properties and dislocation mechanisms of stoichiometric NiAl at temperatures near the monotonic brittle-to-ductile transition. The fatigue properties were found to change only slightly in the temperature range of 600 to 700 K; a temperature range over which monotonic ductility and fracture strength increase markedly. The shape of the cyclic hardening curves coincided with the changes observed in the dislocation structures. The evolution of dislocation structures did not appear to change with temperature.

Cullers, Cheryl L.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Transverse ductility of metal matrix composites

The role of the fiber matrix interface bond on the transverse ductility of continuous fiber reinforced composites has been investigated. Two specific systems have been considered: an Aluminum alloy matrix reinforced by Alumina fibers, characterized by a strong interface and a Titanium alloy reinforced by coated Silicon Carbide fibers, characterized by a weak interface. A micro-mechanical study indicates that the bond condition has a significant effect on the state of stress in the matrix which in turn dictates the available matrix ductility. The micro-mechanical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results for the two systems.

Gunawardena, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

An investigation of the loss of ductility in hydrogen charged beta-Ti alloys

The high strength, low density, and good corrosion resistance of Ti-based alloys make them candidate materials for a number of applications in the aerospace industry. A major limitation in the use of these alloys in the advanced hypersonic flight vehicle program is their susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. This study focuses on the hydrogen sensitivity of TIMETAL 21S beta-Ti alloy. The material received was in the form of grip-ends of failed tensile test samples which had been exposed to different charging conditions (combinations of hydrogen pressure and temperature). The samples received, the charging conditions, and their fracture mode are discussed. It can be seen that the fracture behavior changes from ductile to brittle with increasing hydrogen content, but the transition in behavior occurs for a small increase in hydrogen concentration. The aim of this program was to assess the microstructural differences between the ductile and brittle alloys to ascertain the embrittlement mechanism. A range of tools which included x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used.

Robertson, Ian M.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Material Characterization for Ductile Fracture Prediction

The research summarized in this document provides valuable information for structural health evaluation of NASA infrastructure. Specifically, material properties are reported which will enable calibration of ductile fracture prediction methods for three high-toughness metallic materials and one aluminum alloy which can be found in various NASA facilities. The task of investigating these materials has also served to validate an overall methodology for ductile fracture prediction is currently being employed at NASA. In facilitating the ability to incorporate various materials into the prediction scheme, we have provided data to enable demonstration of the overall generality of the approach.

Hill, Michael R.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Damage evolution and ductile fracture of commercially-pure titanium sheets subjected to simple tension and cyclic bending under tension

This paper describes a study into the evolution of damage in commercial-purity titanium (CP–Ti) sheets subjected to cyclic bending under tension (CBT) and uniaxial tension (simple tension, ST). Sections were taken from sheets that were strained to various levels under both methods and were imaged using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to reveal insights into the size, density, and distribution of microvoids in the sheets. Digital image correlation (DIC) was also used to observe the surface strain of CBT and ST sheets during testing. These results showed that elongation to failure (ETF) for CBT deformation is about 2.5× higher than for ST, local longitudinal strains in the bulk of the CBT sample are around 1.3× higher than the peak strain in the ST necked region, and 1.7× higher in the localized region of CBT failure. It was found that the volume-density of voids in both sheets followed a similar exponential increase with strain, reaching nearly 45× higher in the CBT than the ST sheets before the onset of failure, mainly due to the higher strain levels achieved. A higher volume density of voids developed in the center of sheets at high levels of strain, for both processes, with the density in the sheet center becoming approximately double that found near the edges. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surface of CBT and ST sheets after failure. The observations are presented and discussed highlighting the CBT process as effective to delay ductile fracture of the CP-Ti sheets.

Commercially pure titanium↗
DOE OSTI2026

Identification of mechanisms driving heterogeneous void growth in ductile aluminum

Void growth plays a central role in ductile fracture, yet the specific mechanisms that control this remain obscure. Classical models, such as those proposed by Rice and Tracey in 1969, are able to capture average rates of void growth, but cannot capture the heterogeneity of individual void growth. Building on recent work, the present study employs laboratory-based diffraction contrast tomography and in-situ x-ray computed tomography to investigate the effect of grain structure and other microstructural factors on void growth in an Al-2219 alloy. Crystal plasticity finite element (CP-FE) modeling is used alongside experimental data to evaluate the contributions of local mechanical states, grain orientation, grain size, and neighboring microstructural features. No strong linear relationships are found with any of the considered descriptors and void growth rate. Potential complex nonlinear relationships are explored with the use of a random forest regression model, which identifies initial void volume, void aspect ratio, local normal stress state, local shear stress state, and local equivalent plastic strain (EQPS) as features that most improve void growth rate predictions. The combination of these analyses suggests that these features should be prioritized to improve models of void growth.

Diffraction contrast tomography (DCT)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Phase-field modeling of orientation-dependent crack growth in ductile single crystals with anisotropic elasticity

Crack growth in ductile single crystals (DuSCs) is orientation dependent due to the anisotropies of crystal plasticity and elastic tensor. This study develops a phase-field model incorporating both crystal plasticity and crack growth and proposes a general method to decompose the elastic energy into compressive and tensile parts to prevent crack growth under compression in the phase-field description. The phase-field model, in combination with three Euler angles, is employed to simulate orientation-dependent crack growth in DuSCs. The contributions from crystal plasticity and anisotropic elasticity are compared, and the former is found to dominate in the anisotropy of crack growth in copper single crystals. Furthermore, the simulation results demonstrate that crystal orientation strongly affects the heterogeneous distribution of plastic strain and the interaction between plastic strain and crack growth. High-throughput phase-field simulations are performed with exhaustive crystal orientations, and the results are explained based on the anisotropy of the Taylor factor.

Computational Solid Mechanics↗