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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
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NASA NTRS1995

Catalog of solar wind events identified from observations by ISTP spacecraft

The ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF), in collaboration with ISTP investigators, is developing a catalog of solar wind events and features. The catalog is primarily based on plasma and magnetic field observations from the WIND and IMP-8 spacecraft. Interplanetary events that may trigger magnetospheric activity are included as well as features of interest for using the solar wind as a plasma laboratory. Catalog coverage begins on September 8, 1992, the start of ISTP science data collection. The catalog is based on Key Parameter data sets (preliminary summary data at approximately 1 min time resolution produced quickly for survey purposes) and as such has limited citability in formal scientific work. Its primary intent is to serve as a reference for identifying candidate periods for further study, such as may be the focus of coordinated data analysis efforts during ISTP and/or IACG Science Campaigns. To facilitate access by members of the ISTP and wider space physics communities, the catalog will be available on the World Wide Web. The contents of the catalog will be described, and samples of catalog information will be presented.

Peredo, M.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A geometry package for generation of input data for a three-dimensional potential-flow program

The preparation of geometric data for input to three-dimensional potential flow programs was automated and simplified by a geometry package incorporated into the NASA Langley version of the 3-D lifting potential flow program. Input to the computer program for the geometry package consists of a very sparse set of coordinate data, often with an order of magnitude of fewer points than required for the actual potential flow calculations. Isolated components, such as wings, fuselages, etc. are paneled automatically, using one of several possible element distribution algorithms. Curves of intersection between components are calculated, using a hybrid curve-fit/surface-fit approach. Intersecting components are repaneled so that adjacent elements on either side of the intersection curves line up in a satisfactory manner for the potential-flow calculations. Many cases may be run completely (from input, through the geometry package, and through the flow calculations) without interruption. Use of the package significantly reduces the time and expense involved in making three-dimensional potential flow calculations.

Halsey, N. D.↗
NASA NTRS1997

AXAF Coordinate Transformation at XRCF

Coordinate transformation between focal plane and detector pixel systems must be handled carefully at the X-ray Calibration Facility (XRCF) as it will be during flight. The High Resolution Mirror Assembly (HRMA) X-ray Detection System (HXDS) stage dithers, and the five-axis mount (FAM) attachment points underwent various types of motion during testing. At the XRCF when the FAM moved, the Science Instrument Module (SIM) travel direction was not necessarily aligned with the mirror axis motion, and, in addition, an arbitrary position offset had to be calibrated. Misalignment from the mirror axis was assessed by measuring its displacement from the boresight configuration of the default FAM frame, and the HXDS stage was monitored for motion from the default FAM reference point. Mirror position, prescribed in a mirror modal coordinate system, was measured in HRMA pitch and yaw axes. Prior to corrections for dithering and FAM movement, the coordinate data at XRCF also had to be corrected for possible misalignments of the mirror mount relative to XRCF and the default FAM axes due to the movement of the FAM feet. Those misalignments were processed in terms of yaw-pitch-roll Euler angles in the mirror nodal coordinate, and in the default FAM frame, respectively. An AXAF Science Center (ASC) coordinate library, pixlib, has been built to support these coordinate transformations and was used during x-ray calibration at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The design and implementation of this library will be discussed.

He, Helen↗
NASA NTRS2012

Climate Change Adaptation Science Activities at NASA Johnson Space Center

The Johnson Space Center (JSC), located in the southeast metropolitan region of Houston, TX is the prime NASA center for human spaceflight operations and astronaut training, but it also houses the unique collection of returned extraterrestrial samples, including lunar samples from the Apollo missions. The Center's location adjacent to Clear Lake and the Clear Creek watershed, an estuary of Galveston Bay, puts it at direct annual risk from hurricanes, but also from a number of other climate-related hazards including drought, floods, sea level rise, heat waves, and high wind events all assigned Threat Levels of 2 or 3 in the most recent NASA Center Disaster/Risk Matrix produced by the Climate Adaptation Science Investigator Working Group. Based on prior CASI workshops at other NASA centers, it is recognized that JSC is highly vulnerable to climate-change related hazards and has a need for adaptation strategies. We will present an overview of prior CASI-related work at JSC, including publication of a climate change and adaptation informational data brochure, and a Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Risks Workshop that was held at JSC in early March 2012. Major outcomes of that workshop that form a basis for work going forward are 1) a realization that JSC is embedded in a regional environmental and social context, and that potential climate change effects and adaptation strategies will not, and should not, be constrained by the Center fence line; 2) a desire to coordinate data collection and adaptation planning activities with interested stakeholders to form a regional climate change adaptation center that could facilitate interaction with CASI; 3) recognition that there is a wide array of basic data (remotely sensed, in situ, GIS/mapping, and historical) available through JSC and other stakeholders, but this data is not yet centrally accessible for planning purposes.

Stefanov, William L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Numerical simulation of large-scale ocean-atmosphere coupling and the ocean's role in climate

The problem of reducing model generated sigma coordinate data to pressure levels is considered. A mass consistent scheme for performing budget analyses is proposed, wherein variables interpolated to a given pressure level are weighted according to the mass between a nominal pressure level above and either a nominal pressure level below or the Earth's surface, whichever is closer. The method is applied to the atmospheric energy cycle as simulated by the OSU two level atmospheric general circulation model. The results are more realistic than sigma coordinate analyses with respect to eddy decomposition, and are in agreement with the sigma coordinate evaluation of the numerical energy sink. Comparison with less sophisticated budget schemes indicates superiority locally, but not globally.

Gates, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS2024

Maximizing the Volume of Collocated Data from Two Coordinated Suborbital Platforms

Suborbital (e.g., airborne) campaigns that carry advanced remote sensing and in situ payloads provide detailed observations of atmospheric processes, but can be challenging to use when it is necessary to geographically collocate data from multiple platforms that make repeated observations of a given geographic location at different altitudes. This study reports on a data collocation algorithm that maximizes the volume of collocated data from two coordinated suborbital platforms and demonstrates its value using data from the NASA Aerosol Cloud Meteorology Interactions Over the western Atlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) suborbital mission. A robust data collocation algorithm is critical for the success of the ACTIVATE mission goal to develop new and improved remote sensing algorithms, and quantify their performance. We demonstrate the value of these collocated data to quantify the performance of a recently developed vertically resolved lidar + polarimeter–derived aerosol particle number concentration (Na ) product, resulting in a range-normalized mean absolute deviation (NMAD) of 9% compared to in situ measurements. We also show that this collocation algorithm increases the volume of collocated ACTIVATE data by 21% compared to using only nearest-neighbor finding algorithms alone. Additional to the benefits demonstrated within this study, the data files and routines produced by this algorithm have solved both the critical collocation and the collocation application steps for researchers who require collocated data for their own studies. This freely available and open-source collocation algorithm can be applied to future suborbital campaigns that, like ACTIVATE, use multiple platforms to conduct coordinated observations, e.g., a remote sensing aircraft together with in situ data collected from suborbital platforms.

Atmosphere↗
NASA NTRS1973

Relations between ionospheric electric fields and energetic trapped and precipitating electrons.

Balloon-borne electric field and X ray detectors have been flown from Fort Churchill and from near the foot of the magnetic field line on which the ATS 5 satellite is located in order to obtain satellite and balloon measurements of trapped and precipitating particles and to compare them with balloon measurements of the ionospheric electric field. The approximately 80 hours of coordinated data show that nighttime precipitation events (1) are preceded by enhancements of the westward component of ionospheric electric field about 70% of the time, (2) cause the westward electric field strength to decrease about 70% of the time, (3) are unrelated to variations of the southward component of the ionospheric electric field. The westward electric field enhancement before many precipitation events occurs when the trapped electron flux is at or near the stable trapping limit.

Mozer, F. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

An observation of polar auroral and airglow from the ISIS-II spacecraft.

This is a preliminary but comprehensive report on coordinated data obtained with the ISIS-II spacecraft, fourth in the ISIS series, launched 1 April 1971, into a near circular 1400 km orbit. The capabilities of the ISIS-I spacecraft have been extended in a number of ways, including the global mapping of the 3914, 5577 and 6300 A emissions. Data obtained during a 30-min pass over the south pole depict the nightside oval and polar cap, as well as mid-latitude airglow effects; these data are described and discussed.

Shepherd, G. G.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The effects of prolonged spaceflight on the regional distribution of fluid, muscle and fat: Biostereometric results from Skylab

Biostereometric analysis of body form was performed several times preflight and postflight on the astronauts of all three skylab flights. The analysis was made by deriving the three-dimensional coordinates of numerous points on the body surface from stereoscopic pairs of photographs of the subject, using a stereoplotter. The volume of segments of the body, and of the body as a whole, was calculated by integration of cross sectional areas derived from the coordinate data. All nine astronauts demonstrated regional changes in volume distribution which could be related to changes in total body water, muscle mass, and fat deposits. The change in water resulted from a redistribution of fluid in response to zero gravity. Changes in muscle mass resulted from an alternation in patterns of musclar activity in the absence of gravity, and changes in fat resulted from discrepancies between the individual's caloric needs and his food consumption.

Whittle, M. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Overview of the IMS July 29, 1977, magnetic storm analysis

The physical characteristics and temporal development of a significant IMS magnetospheric event - the sudden commencement and multiple substorms of July 29, 1977 - are reviewed. It is pointed out that the ring current showed a maximum at 0600 UT and a major perturbation at 1230 UT, corresponding to the last substorm. The computerized coordinated data analysis workshop (CDAW 2) conducted in October 1979 is described. Attention is given to the solar wind conditions and magnetospheric response.

Manka, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Sunward convection in both polar caps

The storm of July 29, 1977 was chosen as an object of study for the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW), a part of the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS). The purpose of CDAW was to synthesize many diverse data sets in order to understand as fully as possible the magnetosphere's response to a variety of inputs, including a strong interplanetary shock, a time of strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and a time of strongly northward IMF. The July 29 event was particularly interesting because it contained effects of storm time compressions and of strongly southward and strongly northward IMF'S. The convection data appear to indicate reversed (sunward) convection in the polar cap in both the northern and southern hemispheres, although conjugacy cannot be established because the northern and southern passes were at different locations and different times

Reiff, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

July 29, 1977, magnetospheric studies - Impulsive waves, global dynamics and geomagnetic indices

Problems of magnetospheric physics addressed by the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop are grouped into general areas. Immediate magnetospheric response to changes in the solar wind is considered in studies of impulsive waves traced through the magnetosphere to the ground, and interpreted in terms of fast-mode wave propagation. Magnetopause geometry and microstructure after the arrival of the interplanetary shock were analyzed with data from near-geostationary satellites. A model of particle convection during the first quarter of the day gave important evidence that the convection electric field penetrated to small radial distances for extended intervals, and another model is presented which relates the local time of substorm onset to the sector of the tail that was stressed immediately after the onset of daytime reconnection. The evidence for different reconnection patterns is assessed, and a pattern not previously considered is introduced.

Kivelson, M. G.↗
NASA NTRS1982

ISEE work on collisionless shocks - CDAW-3, the meeting and the results July 23-26, 1979

At CDAW(Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop)-3, data from ISEE-1 and -2 were used, and 17 data sets were incorporated into a total of 44 megabytes of disk storage. The presence of ISEE-1 and -2 at variable separation distances has made it possible to settle the question of shock motion and to obtain shock thicknesses. A full range of wave instrumentation was available to study upstream waves and turbulence, and energetic particle investigations made it possible to obtain good observations of shock-induced particle acceleration. It is concluded that these improved observations have resulted in a revival of interest in the study of the collisionless shock, both as an experimental and theoretical research problem. It is expected that these investigations will lead to a better understanding of how to use the earth's bow shock to provide well-defined and theoretically useful examples for study.

Ogilvie, K. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Dynamics of the 1054 UT March 22, 1979, substorm event - CDAW 6

The Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW 6) has the primary objective to trace the flow of energy from the solar wind through the magnetosphere to its ultimate dissipation in the ionosphere. An essential role in this energy transfer is played by magnetospheric substorms, however, details are not yet completely understood. The International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) has provided an ideal data base for the study conducted by CDAW 6. The present investigation is concerned with the 1054 UT March 22, 1979, substorm event, which had been selected for detailed examination in connection with the studies performed by the CDAW 6. The observations of this substorm are discussed, taking into account solar wind conditions, ground magnetic activity on March 22, 1979, observations at synchronous orbit, observations in the near geomagnetic tail, and the onset of the 1054 UT expansion phase. Substorm development and magnetospheric dynamics are discussed on the basis of a synthesis of the observations.

Mcpherron, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere - CDAW 6

It is pointed out that an extensive study of the causes and manifestations of geomagnetic activity has been carried out as part of the sixth Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop, CDAW 6. The present investigation has the objective to determine the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere for the two selected analysis intervals, taking into account, as a basis for the study, the interplanetary field and plasma observations from ISEE 3 and IMP 8 and the geomagnetic activity indicators developed by CDAW 6 participants. The method of analysis employed is discussed, giving attention to geomagnetic indices, upstream parameters, and a cross-correlation analysis. In a description of the obtained results, the March 22, 1979 event is considered along with the March 31 to April 1, 1979 event, and an intercomparison of the events. The relationship between interplanetary indices and the resulting geomagnetic activity for the two CDAW 6 intervals is illustrated.

Tsurutani, B. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Magnetotail energy storage and release during the CDAW 6 substorm analysis intervals

The concept of the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) grew out of the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) program. According to this concept, data are to be pooled from a wide variety of spacecraft and ground-based sources for limited time intervals. These data are to provide the basis for the performance of very detailed correlative analyses, usually with fairly limited physical problems in mind. However, in the case of the CDAW 6 truly global goals are involved. The primary goal is to trace the flow of energy from the solar wind through the magnetosphere to its ultimate dissipation by substorm processes. The present investigation has the specific goal to examine the evidence for the storage of solar wind energy in the magnetotail prior to substorm expansion phase onsets. Of particular interest is the determination, in individual substorm cases, of the time delays between the loading of energy into the magnetospheric system and the subsequent unloading of this energy.

Baker, D. N.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Nonpotential features observed in the magnetic field of an active region

A unique coordinated data set consisting of vector magnetograms, H-alpha photographs, and high-resolution ultraviolet images of a solar active region is used, together with mathematical models, to calculate potential and force-free magnetic field lines and to examine the nonpotential nature of the active region structure. It is found that the overall bipolar magnetic field of the active region had a net twist corresponding to net current of order 3 x 10 to the 12th A and average density of order 4 x 10 to the -4th A/sq m flowing antiparallel to the field. There were three regions of enhanced nonpotentiality in the interior of the active region; in one the field had a marked nonpotential twist or shear with height above the photosphere. The measured total nonpotential magnetic energy stored in the entire active region was of order 10 to the 32nd ergs, about 3 sigma above the noise level.

Gary, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Satellite observations of new particle and field signatures associated with SAR arc field lines at magnetospheric heights

Enhancements in thermal ion densities, an oxygen dominated ring current at energies below 17 keV, and invariant latitude-limited bands of intense ELF hiss have been discovered on Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc field lines at magnetospheric heights. These new signatures were revealed by an examination of 31 coordinated data sets taken simultaneously at magnetospheric and ionospheric heights by the De-1 and -2 satellites during SAR arc traversals within the period September 1981 through April 1982. Data sets from DE-2, for the first time, provide information on the location of a SAR arc (determined by the F region electron temperature enhancement) during the nearly simultaneous passage of these field lines by DE-1 in the magnetosphere. These new high altitude signatures are examined in the context of possible magnetospheric SAR arc energy source mechanisms.

Kozyra, J. U.↗