Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “ELECTRON SCATTERING”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5

Electron scattering by hot gas in QSOs

The H-alpha emission line of B340 has broad, shallow wings that appear to be a distinct and unusual component of the broad line profile. It is suggested that these wings may result from electron scattering in a hot (approximately 10 to the 7th K) gas that confines the clouds producing the broad line photons. Possible observational tests involve the polarization of the H-alpha wings, the soft X-ray emission from the hot gas, X-ray absorption by highly ionized iron, and either copious infrared emission or variability in the shape of the H-alpha wings.

Shields, G. A.↗

Differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections for elastic electron scattering by neon - 5 to 100 eV

Relative elastic-scattering differential cross sections were measured in the 5-100-eV impact energy and 10-145 deg angular ranges. Normalization of these cross sections was achieved by utilizing accurate total electron-scattering cross sections. A phase-shift analysis of the angular distributions in terms of real phase shifts has been carried out. From the differential cross sections, momentum-transfer cross sections were obtained and the values of the critical energy and angle were established (associated with the lowest value of the differential cross section) as 62.5 + or - 2.5 eV and 101.7 deg + or - 1.5 deg, respectively. The present phase shifts, the critical parameters, and differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections are compared to previous experimental and theoretical results. The error associated with the present data is about 10 percent.

Register, D. F.↗

Electron scattering by highly polar molecules. II - LiF

The crossed electron-beam - molecular-beam scattering technique has been used to measure relative values of differential 'elastic' scattering cross sections at electron impact energies of 5.4 and 20 eV for the angular range from 20 to 130 deg. The absolute values of these cross sections have been obtained by normalization to the classical perturbation theory of Dickinson (1977) at a scattering angle of 40 deg. These differential cross sections have then been used to calculate the integral and momentum-transfer cross sections. An energy-loss spectrum at 100 eV electron impact energy and 15 deg scattering angle has also been obtained. Two weak features at the energy losses of 6.74 and 8.82 eV appear. Their energy positions are compared with the recent calculations of Kahn et al. (1974).

Vuskovic, L.↗

The effects of electron scattering opacity in the broad emission-line regions of quasars

It is demonstrated that three observational puzzles in quasars, nearly symmetric Lyman-alpha profiles, weakly asymmetric C IV 1549 A, and offsets between the peaks of these high ionization lines and the systematic velocity, can all be explained by the standard model of the physical state of the broad-line region with the addition of the simplest possible kinematics. Electron scattering in the intercloud medium is the essential ingredient that had been previously neglected. It is shown that the profiles depend at least as sensitively on the run of physical conditions as on the velocity law. Approximate analytic representations of the line emissivities based on detailed photoionization models are used to describe that dependence.

Kallman, T. R.↗

Electron Scattering by Low-frequency Whistler Waves at Earth’s Bow Shock

Electrons are accelerated to nonthermal energies at shocks in space and astrophysical environments. While shock drift acceleration (SDA) has been considered a key process of electron acceleration at Earth’s bow shock, it has also been recognized that SDA needs to be combined with an additional stochastic process to explain the observed power-law energy spectra. Here, we show mildly energetic (∼0.5 keV) electrons are locally scattered (and accelerated while being confined) by magnetosonic-whistler waves within the shock transition layer, especially when the shock angle is large (θ(sub Bn) approximately equal or greater than 70°). When measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission at a high cadence, ∼0.5 keV electron flux increased exponentially in the shock transition layer. However, the flux profile was not entirely smooth and the fluctuation showed temporal/spectral association with large-amplitude (δB/B ~ 0.3), low-frequency (approximately equal or less than 0.1 Ω(sub ce) where Ω(sub ce) is the cyclotron frequency), obliquely propagating (θ(sub kB) ~ 30°–60°, where θ(sub kB) is the angle between the wave vector and background magnetic field) whistler waves, indicating that the particles were interacting with the waves. Particle simulations demonstrate that, although linear cyclotron resonances with ∼0.5 keV electrons are unlikely due to the obliquity and low frequencies of the waves, the electrons are still scattered beyond 90° pitch angle by (1) resonant mirroring (transit-time damping), (2) non-resonant mirroring, and (3) subharmonic cyclotron resonances. Such coupled nonlinear scattering processes are likely to provide the stochasticity needed to explain the power-law formation.

Oka, M.↗

Theoretical Study of Electron Scattering By Small Clusters and Adsorbates

Current interest in clusters stems from their role as novel materials as well as a possible extension of cluster results to bulk systems. Experimental investigations on clusters have been carried out using laser spectroscopy, microwave spectroscopy, heavy-particle collisions, as well as electron collisions with earlier experimental work on electron attachment and ionization having been reviewed previously. Recently, Mark and coworkers studied the decay channels of cluster ions following electron impact ionization. Rauth et al. reported the formation of the superhalogen ion SF7(-) and other nonstoichiometric cluster ions in their study of electron attachment to SF6 clusters. Kresin et al. measured the absolute electron-impact depletion cross section of metal clusters Na8, Na(20), and Na(40). They found that the inelastic scattering cross section increased with cluster size and was considerably greater than the hard sphere collision cross sections. They hypothesized that electron attachment and collision-induced fragmentation were the dominant physical processes responsible for this effect. For the two smaller clusters, they also found a sharp increase in the cross section near threshold. Most theoretical studies of clusters have been devoted to their electronic structures, vibrational relaxation, and predissociation while investigations of electron scattering from clusters has been lacking. In view of this, we recently undertook an ab initio study of electron scattering from small Be clusters and BeCO. Beryllium was chosen because it is readily amenable to ab t'nitio calculations. Moreover, the electronic structure of Be clusters has been studied extensively, showing that the Be-Be bond is relatively weak in comparison with a normal chemical bond. Our investigation focuses on how the cross sections change with cluster size and geometry. The range of energy studied, 0.05 - 5.0 eV, is chosen because of the ubiquitous resonance in the low-energy scattering of Be. Hence it can be determined if it is possible, as a consequence of the weaker bonds in the Be clusters, to identify the atomic origin of the cluster resonance.

Huo, Winifred M.↗

Electron Scattering by High-Frequency Whistler Waves at Earth's Bow Shock

Electrons are accelerated to non-thermal energies at shocks in space and astrophysical environments. While different mechanisms of electron acceleration have been proposed, it remains unclear how non-thermal electrons are produced out of the thermal plasma pool. Here, we report in situ evidence of pitch-angle scattering of non-thermal electrons by whistler waves at Earths bow shock. On 2015 November 4, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission crossed the bow shock with an Alfvn Mach number is approximately 11 and a shock angle of approximately 84deg. In the ramp and overshoot regions, MMS revealed bursty enhancements of non-thermal (0.52 keV) electron flux, correlated with high-frequency (0.2 - 0.4 Omega(sub ce), where Omega(sub ce) is the cyclotron frequency) parallel-propagating whistler waves. The electron velocity distribution (measured at 30 ms cadence) showed an enhanced gradient of phase-space density at and around the region where the electron velocity component parallel to the magnetic field matched the resonant energy inferred from the wave frequency range. The flux of 0.5 keV electrons (measured at 1ms cadence) showed fluctuations with the same frequency. These features indicate that non-thermal electrons were pitch-angle scattered by cyclotron resonance with the high-frequency whistler waves. However, the precise role of the pitch-angle scattering by the higher-frequency whistler waves and possible nonlinear effects in the electron acceleration process remains unclear.

Oka, M.↗

Strong Langmuir turbulence generated by electron beams - Electric-field distributions and electron scattering

Strong turbulence and transit-time scattering theory are applied here to calculate the statistical distribution of intense Langmuir fields and the consequent beam scattering in plasma turbulence driven by an electron beam. The experimentally observed electric-field distributions are compared with predictions of strong-turbulence theory, concentrating on the wave levels, the Gaussian tail of the high-field distribution observed in one experiment, the arrest scale of collapse, and the fractional volume occupied by the highest fields. The Guassian form of the tail is confirmed, and the results imply that the collapse is arrested at a scale where the peak electrostatic energy density is of the same order as the thermal energy density. The theory of transit-time interactions is generalized to include relativistic particle dynamics and is applied to predict the scattering of the beam electrons in energy and angle as they pass through strong Langmuir turbulence. The results support the validity of the recently developed scaling theory of strong turbulence.

Robinson, P. A.↗

Spectral line profiles of nickel and argon in supernova 1987A - Expansion velocity and electron scattering effects

Spectra of SN 1987A showing the Ni II 6.634-micron and Ar II 6.983-micron fine-structure lines were obtained from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory in April 1988. The signal-to-noise ratio of 100 near the peaks and resolving power of 200 are sufficient to show the average velocity of expansion from the core of about 1400 km/s and to indicate the range of velocities. An asymmetry in the profiles of both lines and a redshift of the line centroids of about 440 km/s above the 280-km/s recessional velocity of the LMC can be explained in terms of scattering of the photons by electrons in the expanding hydrogen envelope of the supernova. A mass of 0.0030 solar masses of Ni II can be deduced from the line strength of the Ni II line and a mass of 0.0009 solar masses of Ar II from the Ar II line strength.

Witteborn, F. C.↗

Elastic electron scattering cross sections for molecular hydrogen

Using an electron-beam - molecular-beam apparatus and employing the relative flow technique, ratios of the differential elastic scattering cross sections (DCSs of H2 to He were measured at incident electron energies of 15-100 eV and over the angular range of 10-125 degrees. From these ratios, the absolute elastic DCSs for H2 were determined by normalization to accurate, available elastic DCSs of He. Since pure rotational structure was not resolved in this work, the DCSs reported are the sum of elastic and rotational excitations of H2 at room temperature. The reliability of the relative flow normalization to He was checked at each energy and angle by performing similar elastic DCS measurements on Ne (for which the cross sections are known). The resulting absolute Ne DCSs were found to be in good agreement (within 10 percent with the Ne elastic DCSs measured previously (Register and Trajmar, 1984). From the DCSs, integral and momentumtransfer cross sections were calculated. The present results are compared with other recent measurements.

Khakoo, M. A.↗

Electron scattering by highly polar molecules. I - KI

Electron-impact energy-loss spectra of KI were studied experimentally in the 15- to 130-deg angular range at impact energies of 6.7, 15.7, and 60 eV. The spectra reveal a number of excitation features which have not been detected previously and indicate that KI is a strong photon absorber in the vacuum-UV region. From the spectra, differential and integral electronically elastic and inelastic cross sections have been obtained by normalizing the experimental data to theoretical results at low scattering angles. Rotational excitation cross sections corresponding to delta j = 0, plus or minus 1, have been calculated using a dipole-plus-repulsive-core interaction potential and the distorted-wave approximation. For comparison, the rotational excitation cross sections have also been calculated in the Born point-dipole approximation.

Rudge, M. R. H.↗

SCF treatment of charge polarization effects in intermediate-energy electron scattering calculations with applications to N2

Converged rotational close coupling calculations of differential, integral, and momentum-transfer cross sections are obtained for seven model potentials for electron-N2 scattering at an impact energy of 30 eV. The model potentials involve a static potential calculated by the INDO/1s or INDOXI/1s method, and exchange potential calculated by the semiclassical exchange approximation from the INDO/1s or INDOXI/1s unperturbed electron density and a polarization potential. The polarization potentials used include the Buckley-Burke semiempirical one and various modifications of the INDOXI and INDO SCF (self-consistent-field) adiabatic polarization potentials. Without adjustment of parameters, good agreement is obtained with the angle dependence of the experimentally measured sum of the elastic and rotational excitation differential cross sections; however, the absolute value of the calculated cross sections is about 20-30% larger than the measured values in the best case, perhaps indicating that the model potentials are too strong or should have a nonzero imaginary part.

Onda, K.↗

A study of pseudoresonances in the application of the Schwinger variational principle to electron scattering from atomic hydrogen

The Schwinger variational principle is applied to s-wave electron-hydrogen atom scattering. Computationally, consistent with a recent paper by Apagyi et al. (1988), there are pseudoresonances at the static exchange level of approximation, but not at the static level. The T-matrix as well as the K-matrix version of the Schwinger principle is used with a real Slater basis, and the same results are obtained in both. The origin of the pseudoresonances from singularities in the separable potential that is effectively employed in the Lippman-Schwinger equation from which the Schwinger variational principle can be derived. The determination of the pseudoresonance parameters from the separable potential is computationally inexpensive and may be used to predict the pseudoresonance parameters for the scattering calculations so as to avoid them.

Weatherford, Charles A.↗

Electron scattering by laser-excited barium atoms

Inelastic and superelastic scattering of 30- and 100-eV electrons by laser-excited 6s 6p 1P and subsequent cascade-populated 6s 6p 3P, 6s 5d 1D, and 6s 5d 3D Ba atoms have been observed. Absolute differential cross sections for the singlet and relative scattering intensities for the triplet species have been determined in the 5 to 20 deg angular region. Under the present conditions excitations dominate over deexcitations.

Register, D. F.↗

Absolute elastic differential electron scattering cross sections in the intermediate energy region. IV - CO

Using a crossed electron beam-molecular beam scattering geometry and a relative-flow technique, ratios of elastic differential cross sections of CO to those of He have been measured at electron impact energies of 3, 5, 7.5, 9.9, 15, 20, 30, 50, 75, and 100 eV. At each energy, an angular range of 15 to 130 deg has been covered. These ratios have been multiplied by previously known He elastic differential cross sections to obtain elastic differential cross sections for CO. Since pure rotational excitations were not resolved, the elastic differential cross sections are a sum of elastic and pure rotational excitations at room temperature. From a knowledge of differential cross sections (DCS), integral and momentum transfer cross sections have been calculated. Both the DCS and integral cross sections are compared at 50, 75, and 100 eV to a recent two-potential theory of e-molecule scattering. Present results show that the isoelectronic molecules CO and N2 have very similar magnitudes and shapes of their differential cross sections.

Tanaka, H.↗