Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Enabling Technologies”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2022

Small Business Technology Enables Safer Lunar Landings & Longer Lunar Missions

Masten Space Systems leveraged NASA SBIR/STTR solicitations to identify and respond to challenges with establishing a sustainable presence on the Moon. The company partnered with the program to study the effects of rocket engine plume impingement and blast during lunar landings and launches, and to develop a metal oxidation warming system (MOWS) technology, resulting in $2.8 million in funding from the NASA Tipping Point program to enhance the capability of the MOWS technology. Masten participated in the NASA SBIR/STTR I-Corps training program to help identify commercial uses for these technologies.

Michael E Vinje↗
NASA NTRS2001

Air Launch and LOX Collection as Enabling Technologies for Future Launch Systems

Launch from an aerial, subsonic carrier aircraft yields significant improvements in engine performance and reduced drag and gravity losses. Additionally, the carrier aircraft can fly to latitudes that permit ascent into any desired inclination. Vehicle performance is limited by the takeoff mass constraint of the carrier aircraft, but the inflight collection of liquid oxygen may enable this constraint to be breached.

Sorensen, Kirk↗
DOE OSTI2021

Towards High-Repetition-Rate Fast Neutron Sources Using Novel Enabling Technologies

High-flux, high-repetition-rate neutron sources are of interest in studying neutron-induced damage processes in materials relevant to fusion, ultimately guiding designs for future fusion reactors. Existing and upcoming petawatt laser systems show great potential to fulfill this need. Here, we present a platform for producing laser-driven neutron beams based on a high-repetition-rate cryogenic liquid jet target and an adaptable stacked lithium and beryllium converter. Selected ion and neutron diagnostics enable monitoring of the key parameters of both beams. A first single-shot proof-of-principle experiment successfully implemented the presented platform at the Texas Petawatt Laser facility, achieving efficient generation of a forward-directed neutron beam. This work lays the foundation for future high-repetition-rate experiments towards pulsed, high-flux, fast neutron sources for radiation-induced effect studies relevant for fusion science and applications that require neutron beams with short pulse duration.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1985

Stratified charge rotary aircraft engine technology enablement program

The multifuel stratified charge rotary engine is discussed. A single rotor, 0.7L/40 cu in displacement, research rig engine was tested. The research rig engine was designed for operation at high speeds and pressures, combustion chamber peak pressure providing margin for speed and load excursions above the design requirement for a high is advanced aircraft engine. It is indicated that the single rotor research rig engine is capable of meeting the established design requirements of 120 kW, 8,000 RPM, 1,379 KPA BMEP. The research rig engine, when fully developed, will be a valuable tool for investigating, advanced and highly advanced technology components, and provide an understanding of the stratified charge rotary engine combustion process.

Badgley, P. R.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Adaptive Nulling: A New Enabling Technology for Interferometric Exoplanet

Deep, stable nulling of starlight requires careful control of the amplitudes and phases of the beams that are being combined. The detection of earth-like planets using the interferometer architectures currently being considered for the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission require that the E-field amplitudes are balanced at the level of approx. 0.1%, and the phases are controlled at the level of 1 mrad (corresponding to approx.1.5 nm for a wavelength of 10 microns). These conditions must be met simultaneously at all wavelengths across the science band, and for both polarization states, imposing unrealistic tolerances on the symmetry between the optical beamtrains. We introduce the concept of a compensator that is inserted into the beamtrain, which can adaptively correct for the mismatches across the spectrum, enabling deep nulls with realistic, imperfect optics. The design presented uses a deformable mirror to adjust the amplitude and phase of each beam as an arbitrary function of wavelength and polarization. A proof-of-concept experiment will be conducted at visible/near-IR wavelengths, followed by a system operating in the Mid-IR band.

planet detection↗
NASA NTRS2012

In-Situ Geochronology as a Mission-Enabling Technology

Although there are excellent estimates of ages of terrains on Mars from crater counting, even a few absolute ages would serve to validate the calibration. Results with uncertainties, although much larger than those that could be achieved in labs on Earth, would be extremely valuable. While there are other possibilities for in-situ geochronology instruments, we describe here to alternative technologies, being developed in JPL. There are two common features of both. The first is analysis by means of miniature mass spectrometer. The second is use of laser sampling to reduce or avoid sample handling, preparation and pre-treatment and equally importantly, to allow analysis of individual, textually resolved minerals in coarse-grained rocks. This textural resolved minerals in coarse-grained rocks. This textural resolution will aid in selection of grains more or less enriched in the relevant elements and allow construction of isochrons for more precise dating. Either of these instruments could enable missions to Mars and other planetary bodies.

geochronology↗
NASA NTRS2016

Synthetic Biology as an Enabling Technology for Space Exploration

Human exploration off planet is severely limited by the cost of launching materials into space and by re-supply. Thus materials brought from Earth must be light, stable and reliable at destination. Using traditional approaches, a lunar or Mars base would require either transporting a hefty store of metals or heavy manufacturing equipment and construction materials for in situ extraction; both would severely limit any other mission objectives. Long-term human space presence requires periodic replenishment, adding a massive cost overhead. Even robotic missions often sacrifice science goals for heavy radiation and thermal protection. Biology has the potential to solve these problems because life can replicate and repair itself, and perform a wide variety of chemical reactions including making food, fuel and materials. Synthetic biology enhances and expands life's evolved repertoire. Using organisms as feedstock, additive manufacturing through bioprinting will make possible the dream of producing bespoke tools, food, smart fabrics and even replacement organs on demand. This new approach and the resulting novel products will enable human exploration and settlement on Mars, while providing new manufacturing approaches for life on Earth.

Synthetic biology↗
DOE OSTI2015

Fluidized-bed technology enabling the integration of high temperature solar receiver CSP systems with steam and advanced power cycles

Solar Particle Receivers (SPR) are under development to drive concentrating solar plants (CSP) towards higher operating temperatures to support higher efficiency power conversion cycles. The novel high temperature SPR-based CSP system uses solid particles as the heat transfer medium (HTM) in place of the more conventional fluids such as molten salt or steam used in current state-of-the-art CSP plants. The solar particle receiver (SPR) is designed to heat the HTM to temperatures of 800 °C or higher which is well above the operating temperatures of nitrate-based molten salt thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The solid particles also help overcome some of the other challenges associated with molten salt-based systems such as freezing, instability and degradation. The higher operating temperatures and use of low cost HTM and higher efficiency power cycles are geared towards reducing costs associated with CSP systems. This paper describes the SPR-based CSP system with a focus on the fluidized-bed (FB) heat exchanger and its integration with various power cycles. Furthermore, the SPR technology provides a potential pathway to achieving the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) target of $0.06/kWh that has been set by the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot initiative.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS2013

Ion Propulsion: An Enabling Technology for the Dawn Mission

The Dawn mission, part of NASA's Discovery Program, has as its goal the scientific exploration of the two most massive main-belt asteroids, 4 Vesta, and the dwarf planet 1 Ceres. The Dawn spacecraft was launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on September 27, 2007 on a Delta-II 7925H-9.5 rocket that placed the 1218-kg spacecraft into an Earth-escape (heliocentic) trajectory with an escape velocity of 11 km/s. On-board the spacecraft is an ion propulsion system (IPS) developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory which will provide an additional delta-V of approximately 11 km/s for the heliocentric transfers to each body and for all orbit transfers including orbit capture/escape and transition to the various science orbits. Deterministic thrusting to Vesta began in December 2007 and concluded with orbit capture at Vesta in July 2011. The transfer to Vesta included a Mars gravity assist flyby in February 2009 that provided an additional delta-V of 2.6 km/s and was the only post-launch mission delta-V not provided by IPS. The IPS was used during the 14 months at Vesta for all science orbit transfers and then for Vesta escape. Deterministic thrusting for Ceres began in late August 2012 with a planned arrival date at Ceres in early 2015, whereupon IPS will be used for all science orbit transfers. As of January 2013 the IPS has been operated for approximately 28,000 hours, consumed approximately 280 kg of xenon, and provided a delta-V of approximately 7.5 km/s, the most post-launch delta-V of any spacecraft yet flown. IPS performance characteristics are very close to the expected performance based on analysis and testing performed pre-launch. Use of the IPS together with a medium-priced launch vehicle enabled this high delta-V mission to be performed within the Discovery Program cost cap. This paper provides an overview of the Dawn IPS and its mission operations through departure for Ceres.

Dawn mission overview↗
DOE OSTI2024

Techno‐Economic Analysis of Additively‐Manufactured Wind Turbine Blade Tips That Enable Technology Integration

The Additively‐Manufactured, System‐Integrated Tip (AMSIT) project is leveraging the flexibility of 3D printing to integrate several technologies in a wind turbine blade tip, while reducing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced. The design integration is demonstrated for a 200‐kW–scale turbine with 13‐m blades, with the outer 15% of the blade replaced with a 3D‐printed design. Aerodynamic performance is enhanced without increasing swept area through inclusion of a winglet and surface texturing, both challenging for traditional manufacturing. Longevity and durability are improved through integrated lightning and leading edge erosion protection. Increased power, reduced repair frequency, and ease of repair through blade modularity all contribute to reduced LCOE. The analysis is also extended to modern MW‐scale designs to estimate the impact of the technology at scale, demonstrating the potential to reduce LCOE significantly for modern onshore turbines, with even higher potential savings offshore.

3D printing↗
DOE OSTI2018

Establishing mesh topology in multi-material cells: enabling technology for robust and accurate multi-material simulations

Real world problems are typically multi-material, combining materials such as gases, liquids and solids that have very different properties. The material interfaces may be fixed in time or can be a part of the solution, as in fluid-structure interactions or air-water dynamics, and therefore move and change shape. In such problems the computational mesh may be non-conformal to interfaces due to complexity of these interfaces, presence of small fractions of materials, or because the mesh does not move with the flow, as in the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) methods. In order to solve problems of interest on such meshes, interface reconstruction methods are usually used to recover an approximation of material regions within the cells. For a cell intersecting multiple material regions, these approximations of contained subregions can be considered as single-material subcells in a local mesh that we call a minimesh. In this paper, we discuss some of the requirements that discretization methods have on topological information in the resulting hierarchical meshes and present an approach that allows incorporating the buildup of sufficiently detailed topology into the nested dissections based PLIC-type reconstruction algorithms (e.g. Volume-of-Fluid, Moment-of-Fluid) in an efficient and robust manner. Specifically, we describe the X-MOF interface reconstruction algorithm in 2D, which extends the Moment-Of-Fluid (MOF) method to include the topology of minimeshes created inside of multi-material cells and parent-child relations between corresponding mesh entities on different hierarchy levels. X-MOF retains the property of being local to a cell and not requiring external communication, which makes it suitable for massively parallel applications. Here, we demonstrate some scaling results for the X-MOF implementation in Tangram, a modern interface reconstruction framework for exascale computing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enabling technologies for the continuous electrically driven conversion of CO 2 and water to multi-carbon products at high current densities

Here, we demonstrate greatly improved conversion of CO 2 using a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) with flowing electrolyte configuration for CO 2 gas delivery in combination with a high surface area nickel phosphide electrocatalyst. This configuration achieves 40–50% selectivity for total carbon products over H 2 formation (HER) at total current densities ranging from 50 to 300 mA cm -2 . We developed a soft-templating method using CTAB detergent micelles for synthesis of phase-pure Ni 2 P, achieving a 260-fold larger surface area (BET) and porous sponge-like morphology that produces stable currents. This catalyst produces mainly one C-product, methylglyoxal (MG, C 3 H 4 O 2 ) with 38–47% overall selectivity, the highest reported selectivity for a 12-electron reduction product. The versatile soft-templating method for electrocatalyst synthesis uses low-temperature (185 °C) that is permissive for incorporation of co-catalysts that are otherwise destroyed by the high temperatures used in traditional solid-state synthesis (SSS). The non-porous Ni 2 P-SSS catalyst produces mainly H 2 at these current densities. Achieving these high currents and C/H selectivity benefits from use of hydrophobic polymers as co-catalyst binders (cationic = Nafion, anionic = PFAEM and neutral = PTFE) to improve CO 2 conversion. PFAEM is the better ionomer for the CO 2 RR at high current density, postulated as due to suppressing CO 2 conversion to inactive bicarbonate. Precipitation of the carbon products as a polycarbonate polymer occurs at high currents.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Harvesting from Ambient Energy: Designing Enabling Technologies for Sustainable Buildings

Electricity consumption in the commercial sector is forecasted to increase by 0.5% on an annual bases between 2017 to 2050. This is despite best design practices and adoption of more energy efficient resources for buildings. This increase is prevalent in miscellaneous electrical loads that studies have shown if their usage is tracked and conveyed to the occupant will result in up 34% consumption reduction. Diverse tools and research methodologies are being developed to track their location. This paper addresses one such method to identify the location of energy at the point of use using energy harvesting. The paper proposes a design process for magnetic flux harvesting around current carrying conductors of the electrical system in buildings for the purpose of powering sensors and/or for use as a triggering signal for energy consumption location in the built environment. Building on the electromagnetic induction theory, a relationship is developed between the size of the harvesting device and the total energy output. A prototype energy harvesting device based on the proposed data is built and tested through laboratory experiments.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Enabling Technologies for Compact Integrated Electric Drives for Automotive Traction Applications

The electric traction drive is the main consumer of the stored energy in an electric vehicle. Therefore, the drive system must perform with high efficiency to maximize the vehicle range for given battery capacity. Since the introduction of hybrid electric vehicles, various innovative traction drive technologies have been implemented in commercially available electric vehicles to increase efficiency and power density. It is expected that the power density and performance of the traction drive unit must improve significantly for future electric vehicles to increase the user space in the vehicle, extend the range and increase market adoption. US Department of Energy (DOE)has recently announced technical targets for light duty electric vehicles. DOE targets to reach a power density target of 33 kW/L for a 100 kW traction drive system by 2025. It is an increment by a factor of 5.5 in comparison to the state-of-the-art. This paper investigates the current trends in commercially available electric drives for light-duty automotive applications, identifies the challenges, and discusses innovative technologies to overcome the power density barrier.

Chowdhury, Shajjad↗