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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

SoS-SDQN: System of Systems Software-defined Quantum Networking

Quantum networks are needed for quantum domain applications that may run across different network deployments - point-to-point, multi-node networks, and possibly across inter-domain quantum networks, like the quantum internet. Unlike classical computing networks, quantum networks involve heterogeneous systems nodes that currently require local and manual control. This needs a unified control approach to help them integrate, work seamlessly, and have global knowledge. Software-defined Networking (SDN) has been successfully leveraged in classical networking for seamless and software-driven control of network infrastructure and packet switching, but not in management of quantum network applications across heterogeneous systems. In this paper, we review the current state of the art and present early developments of a System-of-Systems Software-defined Quantum Networking architecture (SoS-SDQN), a generic architecture that supports software-driven quantum network experiments across heterogeneous quantum systems. The architecture modifies the generic SDN to address the domain requirements of quantum networks and proposes a multilevel SDQN to provide a global view of network status, running applications, and control of incorporated heterogeneous quantum systems. We also design and implement a SoS SouthBound Quantum Interface (SoS-SBQI), a quantum infrastructure protocol that abstracts automation of applications across the network.

Alnajjar, Anees [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000237101601)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Identifying Heterogeneous Micromechanical Properties of Biological Tissues via Physics–Informed Neural Networks

The heterogeneous micromechanical properties of biological tissues have profound implications across diverse medical and engineering domains. However, identifying full-field heterogeneous elastic properties of soft materials using traditional engineering approaches is fundamentally challenging due to difficulties in estimating local stress fields. Recently, there has been a growing interest in data-driven models for learning full-field mechanical responses, such as displacement and strain, from experimental or synthetic data. However, research studies on inferring full-field elastic properties of materials, a more challenging problem, are scarce, particularly for large deformation, hyperelastic materials. Here, a physics-informed machine learning approach is proposed to identify the elasticity map in nonlinear, large deformation hyperelastic materials. This study reports the prediction accuracies and computational efficiency of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in inferring the heterogeneous elasticity maps across materials with structural complexity that closely resemble real tissue microstructure, such as brain, tricuspid valve, and breast cancer tissues. Further, the improved architecture is applied to three hyperelastic constitutive models: Neo-Hookean, Mooney Rivlin, and Gent. Furthermore, the improved network architecture consistently produces accurate estimations of heterogeneous elasticity maps, even when there is up to 10% noise present in the training data.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1988

Programming model for distributed intelligent systems

A programming model and architecture which was developed for the design and implementation of complex, heterogeneous measurement and control systems is described. The Multigraph Architecture integrates artificial intelligence techniques with conventional software technologies, offers a unified framework for distributed and shared memory based parallel computational models and supports multiple programming paradigms. The system can be implemented on different hardware architectures and can be adapted to strongly different applications.

Sztipanovits, J.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Heterogeneous Corrosion Pathways in Pt–Ni Nanododecahedra Revealed by In Situ Liquid Cell TEM

Unraveling nanoscale corrosion pathways is essential for understanding materials degradation mechanisms and designing corrosion-resistant metal alloys. Here, in this study, we directly visualize the corrosion of Pt–Ni nanododecahedra in 0.1 M HCl using liquid cell TEM. Each nanoparticle features a Ni-rich core and a Pt-rich frame. Our observation reveals that corrosion proceeds in two distinct stages: first the Ni-rich core dissolves without forming porosity, yielding small Pt nanocrystals and transient NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O at the retreating interfaces; then the Pt-rich frame fragments into ∼5 nm Pt 3 Ni nanocrystals that subsequently dissolve uniformly, accompanied by fleeting Pt chlorides. A percolation-based theory explains the observed behaviors: The core’s ∼8% Pt lies below the Pt connectivity threshold, preventing Pt scaffold formation, whereas the frame’s 48% Ni exceeds the Ni percolation threshold and collapses. Ordered Pt 3 Ni suppresses Ni percolation, thereby enforcing uniform dissolution. These findings reveal how composition and structural ordering govern heterogeneous corrosion in Pt–Ni architectured nanoparticles.

Liquid phase TEM↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Enabling Execution of a Legacy CFD Mini Application on Accelerators Using OpenMP

We describe the process and outcome of our efforts to port a legacy Fortran benchmark code to heterogeneous GPU-accelerated computing architectures using OpenMP. The benchmark code is one of the multi-zone NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB-MZ) called SP-MZ. This “mini-app” mimics the computation and data movement that is found in popular legacy and modern implicit computational fluid dynamics (CFD)solvers. Our objective was to examine how efficiently legacy Fortran codes can be ported to accelerators by leveraging OpenMP directives. We describe the development and optimization process and demonstrate the performance impact of various code modifications. We show select profiling results from the Nvidia nvvp profiler to help others diagnose and overcome performance issues in their own applications. We present results for two compute systems endowed with Nvidia V100 accelerators.

Ioannis Nompelis↗
NASA NTRS2021

Autonomous Off-road Navigation over Extreme Terrains with Perceptually-challenging Conditions

We propose a framework for resilient autonomous navigation in perceptuallychallenging unknown environments with mobility-stressing elements such asuneven surfaces with rocks and boulders, steep slopes, negative obstacles like cliffsand holes, and narrow passages. Environments are GPS-denied and perceptuallydegradedwith variable lighting from dark to lit and obscurants (dust, fog, smoke).Lack of prior maps and degraded communication eliminates the possibility of prioror off-board computation or operator intervention. This necessitates real-time onboardcomputation using noisy sensor data. To address these challenges, we proposea resilient architecture that exploits redundancy and heterogeneity in sensing modalities.Further resilience is achieved by triggering recovery behaviors upon failure.We propose a fast settling algorithm to generate robust multi-fidelity traversabilityestimates in real-time. The proposed approach was deployed on multiple physicalsystems including skid-steer and tracked robots, high-speed RC car and legged robotsand as a part of Team CoSTAR’s effort to theDARPASubterranean Challenge, wherethe team won 2nd and 1st place in the Tunnel and Urban Circuit, respectively.

Agha-mohammadi, Ali-akbar↗
NASA NTRS2004

A Sustainable, Reliable Mission-Systems Architecture that Supports a System of Systems Approach to Space Exploration

A mission-systems architecture based on a highly modular "systems of systems" infrastructure utilizing open-standards hardware and software interfaces as the enabling technology is absolutely essential for an affordable and sustainable space exploration program. This architecture requires (a) robust communication between heterogeneous systems, (b) high reliability, (c) minimal mission-to-mission reconfiguration, (d) affordable development, system integration, and verification of systems, and (e) minimum sustaining engineering. This paper proposes such an architecture. Lessons learned from the space shuttle program are applied to help define and refine the model.

Watson, Steve↗
NASA NTRS2007

Sustainable, Reliable Mission-Systems Architecture

A mission-systems architecture, based on a highly modular infrastructure utilizing: open-standards hardware and software interfaces as the enabling technology is essential for affordable and sustainable space exploration programs. This mission-systems architecture requires (a) robust communication between heterogeneous system, (b) high reliability, (c) minimal mission-to-mission reconfiguration, (d) affordable development, system integration, and verification of systems, and (e) minimal sustaining engineering. This paper proposes such an architecture. Lessons learned from the Space Shuttle program and Earthbound complex engineered system are applied to define the model. Technology projections reaching out 5 years are mde to refine model details.

O'Neil, Graham↗
NASA NTRS2005

Sustainable, Reliable Mission-Systems Architecture

A mission-systems architecture, based on a highly modular infrastructure utilizing open-standards hardware and software interfaces as the enabling technology is essential for affordable md sustainable space exploration programs. This mission-systems architecture requires (8) robust communication between heterogeneous systems, (b) high reliability, (c) minimal mission-to-mission reconfiguration, (d) affordable development, system integration, end verification of systems, and (e) minimal sustaining engineering. This paper proposes such an architecture. Lessons learned from the Space Shuttle program and Earthbound complex engineered systems are applied to define the model. Technology projections reaching out 5 years are made to refine model details.

O'Neil, Graham↗
NASA NTRS1991

Analysis of NASA communications (Nascom) II network protocols and performance

The NASA Communications (Nascom) Division of the Mission Operations and Data Systems Directorate is to undertake a major initiative to develop the Nascom II (NII) network to achieve its long-range service objectives for operational data transport to support the Space Station Freedom Program, the Earth Observing System, and other projects. NII is the Nascom ground communications network being developed to accommodate the operational traffic of the mid-1990s and beyond. The authors describe various baseline protocol architectures based on current and evolving technologies. They address the internetworking issues suggested for reliable transfer of data over heterogeneous segments. They also describe the NII architecture, topology, system components, and services. A comparative evaluation of the current and evolving technologies was made, and suggestions for further study are described. It is shown that the direction of the NII configuration and the subsystem component design will clearly depend on the advances made in the area of broadband integrated services.

Omidyar, Guy C.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks

The present invention provides a heterogeneous spacecraft network including a network management architecture to facilitate communication between a plurality of operations centers and a plurality of data user communities. The network management architecture includes a plurality of network nodes in communication with the plurality of operations centers. The present invention also provides a method of communication for a heterogeneous spacecraft network. The method includes: transmitting data from a first space segment to a first ground segment; transmitting the data from the first ground segment to a network management architecture; transmitting data from a second space segment to a second ground segment, the second space and ground segments having incompatible communication systems with the first space and ground segments; transmitting the data from the second ground station to the network management architecture; and, transmitting data from the network management architecture to a plurality of data user communities.

Nakamura, Yosuke↗
NASA NTRS2019

Radiation specification and testing of heterogenous microprocessor SOCs

Modern commercial microprocessor devices include multiple processor architectures, buses, basic peripherals, and application hardware such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) in one device. Developing RHBD versions of similar devices risks sacrificing processing performance for system-wide radiation requirements. The heterogenous structure of modern commercial system on a chip (SOC) devices, in design and performance goals for subsystems, suggests a similar approach to specifying Radiation Hardened by Design (RHBD) requirements.

Ballast, Jon↗
DOE OSTI2025

An Integrated ML/AI Framework for Digitizing, Structuring and Searching DOE U-TRU-Fuels Data with Gap Analysis of Non-DOE Records

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC) is advancing transmutation fuel technologies to reduce long-lived radioactive waste by converting minor actinides into shorter-lived or stable elements through irradiation in sodium-cooled fast reactors. Key experiments such as AFC-1, AFC-2, FUels for the transmutation of Trans-URanium elements In phéniX (FUTURIX)-Fortes Teneurs en Actinides (FTA), and Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) X501 have provided fuel fabrication, irradiation, and performance data on various transuranic-bearing fuel forms. This report documents the creation of an artificial-intelligence assisted database, which has consolidated all DOE-owned data related to Transuranic (TRU)-bearing fuel experiments and stored across it across both the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System and the INL high performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. A dedicated webpage, hosted on the INL HPC system, has been developed to support role-based access and data interaction. The database architecture allows researchers to navigate large, heterogeneous archives with far greater speed and accuracy than manual search and lays the foundation for future expansion into multimodal nuclear materials analysis environments. The database represents a major step towards a nationally integrated fuels database utilizing artificial intelligence tools.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1993

NELS 2.0 - A general system for enterprise wide information management

NELS, the NASA Electronic Library System, is an information management tool for creating distributed repositories of documents, drawings, and code for use and reuse by the aerospace community. The NELS retrieval engine can load metadata and source files of full text objects, perform natural language queries to retrieve ranked objects, and create links to connect user interfaces. For flexibility, the NELS architecture has layered interfaces between the application program and the stored library information. The session manager provides the interface functions for development of NELS applications. The data manager is an interface between session manager and the structured data system. The center of the structured data system is the Wide Area Information Server. This system architecture provides access to information across heterogeneous platforms in a distributed environment. There are presently three user interfaces that connect to the NELS engine; an X-Windows interface, and ASCII interface and the Spatial Data Management System. This paper describes the design and operation of NELS as an information management tool and repository.

Smith, Stephanie L.↗
NASA NTRS1995

DREAMS and IMAGE: A Model and Computer Implementation for Concurrent, Life-Cycle Design of Complex Systems

Computing architectures are being assembled that extend concurrent engineering practices by providing more efficient execution and collaboration on distributed, heterogeneous computing networks. Built on the successes of initial architectures, requirements for a next-generation design computing infrastructure can be developed. These requirements concentrate on those needed by a designer in decision-making processes from product conception to recycling and can be categorized in two areas: design process and design information management. A designer both designs and executes design processes throughout design time to achieve better product and process capabilities while expanding fewer resources. In order to accomplish this, information, or more appropriately design knowledge, needs to be adequately managed during product and process decomposition as well as recomposition. A foundation has been laid that captures these requirements in a design architecture called DREAMS (Developing Robust Engineering Analysis Models and Specifications). In addition, a computing infrastructure, called IMAGE (Intelligent Multidisciplinary Aircraft Generation Environment), is being developed that satisfies design requirements defined in DREAMS and incorporates enabling computational technologies.

Hale, Mark A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Controlling Microbial Byproducts using Model-Based Substrate Monitoring and Control Strategies

We have developed a computer-controlled bioreactor system to study various aspects of microbially-mediated nitrogen cycling. The system has been used to investigate methods for controlling microbial denitrification (the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to N2O and N2) in hydroponic plant growth chambers. Such chambers are key elements of advanced life support systems being designed for use on long duration space missions, but nitrogen use efficiency in them is reduced by denitrification. Control software architecture was designed which permits the heterogeneous control of system hardware using traditional feedback control, and quantitative and qualitative models of various system features. Model-based feed forward control entails prediction of future systems in states and automated regulation of system parameters to achieve desired and avoid undesirable system states. A bacterial growth rate model based on the classic Monod model of saturation kinetics was used to evaluate the response of several individual denitrifying species to varying environmental conditions. The system and models are now being applied to mixed microbial communities harvested from the root zone of a hydroponic growth chamber. The use of a modified Monod organism interaction model was evaluated as a means of achieving more accurate description of the dynamic behavior of the communities. A minimum variance parameter estimation routine was also' used to calibrate the constant parameters in the model by iterative evaluation of substrate (nitrate) uptake and growth kinetics. This representation of processes and interactions aids in the formulation of control laws. The feed forward control strategy being developed will increase system autonomy, reduce crew intervention and limit the accumulation of undesirable waste products (NOx).

Smernoff, David T.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Accommodating Heterogeneity in a Debugger for Distributed Computations

In an ongoing project at NASA Ames Research Center, we are building debugger for distributed computations running on a heterogeneous set of machines. Historically, such debuggers have been built as front-ends to existing source-level debuggers on the target platforms. In effect, these back-end debuggers are providing a collection of debugger services to a client. The major drawback is that because of inconsistencies among the back-end debuggers, the front-end must use a different protocol when talking to each back-end debugger. This can make the front-end quite complex. We have avoided this complexity problem by defining the client-server debugger protocol. While it does require vendors to adapt their existing debugger code to meet the protocol, vendors are generally interested in doing so because the approach has several advantages. In addition to solving the heterogenous platform debugging problem, it will be pos~sible to write interesting debugger user interfaces that can be easily ported across a variety of machines. This will likely encourage investment in application-domain specific debuggers. In fact, the user interface of our debugger will be geared to scientists developing computational fluid dynamics codes. This paper describes some of the problems encountered in developing a portable debugger for heterogenous, distributed computing and how the architecture of our debugger avoids them. It then provides a detailed description of the debugger client-server protocol. Some of the more interesting attributes of the protocol are: (1) It is object-oriented; (2) It uses callback functions to capture the asynchronous nature of debugging in a procedural fashion; (3) It contains abstractions, such as in-line instrumentation, for the debugging of computationally intensive programs; (4) For remote debugging, it has operations that enable the implementor to optimize message passing traffic between client and server. The soundness of the protocol is being tested through the implementation of a prototype client and server pair.

Hood, Robert↗
DOE OSTI2025

Uncertainty quantification for nuclear forensics with population analyses

Although neural networks offer cutting-edge predictive power, their deployment in high-consequence nuclear forensic applications is limited, partly because of their black-box nature. Incorporating robust uncertainty quantification methods into the predictive frameworks of neural networks is progress towards their future deployment in such scenarios. This work integrates uncertainty quantification into neural networks for nuclear reactor core-average burnup estimation from simulated environmental samples. We test two regimes (homogeneous and heterogeneous events) on DeepSets and Set Transformer architectures, we find both quantify predictive uncertainty effectively, but Set Transformer excels in partitioning latent events, offering superior predictive power and more informative uncertainty estimates.

Hatton, Conner [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000804970959)↗