Life Studies of Metal Films on Beta Alumina at High Temperature
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The Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (Alyeska) operates the 1290 kilometer-long Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).
Applications of metallic films on sodium beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) ceramic in technology for the alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) include both electrode and metallization functions.
Two AMTEC power units fabricated by Advanced Modular Power Systems, Inc. using a cold end condenser manufactured by Creare, Inc. which operate for 342 hours and 575 hours were dissected and examined.
Electrochemical techniques including impedance spectroscopy are routinely used to test the performance of AMTEC electrodes.
AMTEC power systems are designed for use on extended space missions. During the lifetime of such missions the power available for the spacecraft will depend on the degradation of the system performance. Development of a tool that allows monitoring of the system degradation will provide an aid in dtermining the condition of the power source.
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At JPL we have investigated the effects of temperature on polymer-carbon black composite sensors. While the electrical properties of polymer composites have been studied, with mechanisms of conductivity described by connectivity and tunneling, it is not fully understood how these properties affect sensor characteristics and responses.
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AMTEC cells are under development as power resources for future outer planetary robotic space missions, where they must operate for very long times.
A critical component of alkali metal thermal-to electric converter (AMTEC) devices for long duration space missions is the sodium beta-alumina solid electrolyte ceramic (BASE), for which there exists no substitute.
This paper presents a model of the exchange current developed for porous molybdenum electrodes on sodium beta-alumina ceramics in low pressure sodium vapor, but which has general applicability to gas/porous metal electrodes on solid electrolytes.
Sodium beta-alumina is one of the best characterized solid electrolytes, but its high temperature chemistry in the range 700K to 1800K is only partly understood.
We report a silicon nitride-based ring resonator chemical sensor with sensing polymer coating. Its sensitivity to isopropanol in air is at least 50 ppm - well under the permissible exposure level of 400 ppm.
An array-based sensing system based on 32 polymer/carbon composite conductometric sensors is under development at JPL. Until the present phase of development, the analyte set has focuses on organic compounds and a few selected inorganic compounds, notably ammonia and hydrazine.