Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “INSTRUMENT ORIENTATION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Analysis of the Amplitude Response of a Two-Point and a Two-Line/Multi-Point Focused Laser Differential Interferometer

Experiments were performed with two different focused laser differential interferometer (FLDI) instruments to assess the amplitude response of each instrument to a traveling shock-wave generated by a laser spark. The first FLDI instrument generated two measurement points, with each measurement point providing sensitivity to density fluctuations induced by the shockwave. By performing a cross-correlation between the signals obtained from each measurement point, the phase velocity of density fluctuations can be obtained. The second FLDI instrument generated two measurement lines that are oriented either parallel or orthogonal to the shockwave direction of travel with the resulting interference pattern sampled at multiple equally-spaced points along each line. As a result, this instrument provides density fluctuation measurement capability at multiple points simultaneously. When the measurement lines are oriented parallel to the shockwave direction of travel, the phase velocity, rate of change of the phase velocity, and acceleration of density fluctuations traveling along each line can be obtained by performing a cross-correlation between points along a single line. When the measurement lines are oriented orthogonal to the shockwave direction of travel, the spatially-varying phase velocity can be obtained by performing a cross-correlation between points at the same relative location on each measurement line. Computations of the shockwave generated by the laser spark are used to simulate the response of each instrument and are compared to the experimental results. High-speed Schlieren imaging has also been performed and is compared with the FLDI measurements and computational results.

Focused Laser Differential Interferometer↗
NASA NTRS1990

Wide-angle astrometry with the Mark III stellar interferometer

Astrometric measurements made with the Mark III stellar interferometer on five nights in August-September 1988 yielded average formal 1-sigma errors for 12 FK5 stars of 6 mas in declination and 10 mas in right ascension. This improvement in precision over previously reported measurements with this instrument made in 1986 is attributable to several factors: a second 12 m baseline; oriented E-S, was added to the instrument to improve the determination of right ascension; two-color analysis was included in the data-reduction process, along with a new central-fringe identification algorithm using three spectral channels, in order to reduce atmospheric errors; thermal control was greatly improved; and changes were made to observational procedures and hardware to monitor variations in the delay offset due to residual thermal drifts. Approximately half of the new positions are within 50 mas of their FK5 positions. However, an extended series of measurements are needed to ascertain the accuracy that can be achieved by interferometry.

Shao, M.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Single-Command Approach and Instrument Placement by a Robot on a Target

AUTOAPPROACH is a computer program that enables a mobile robot to approach a target autonomously, starting from a distance of as much as 10 m, in response to a single command. AUTOAPPROACH is used in conjunction with (1) software that analyzes images acquired by stereoscopic cameras aboard the robot and (2) navigation and path-planning software that utilizes odometer readings along with the output of the image-analysis software. Intended originally for application to an instrumented, wheeled robot (rover) in scientific exploration of Mars, AUTOAPPROACH could be adapted to terrestrial applications, notably including the robotic removal of land mines and other unexploded ordnance. A human operator generates the approach command by selecting the target in images acquired by the robot cameras. The approach path consists of multiple legs. Feature points are derived from images that contain the target and are thereafter tracked to correct odometric errors and iteratively refine estimates of the position and orientation of the robot relative to the target on successive legs. The approach is terminated when the robot attains the position and orientation required for placing a scientific instrument at the target. The workspace of the robot arm is then autonomously checked for self/terrain collisions prior to the deployment of the scientific instrument onto the target.

Huntsberger, Terrance↗
DOE OSTI2025

OLCF’s Advanced Computing Ecosystem (ACE): FY25 Update for Ongoing Efforts

The advent of widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models in science, coupled with fast data production rates of scientific instruments strain the traditional batch-oriented high-performance computing (HPC) environment. As scientific exploration continues to require more data and faster processing and analysis, new emerging technologies and capabilities to enable cross-facility and time-sensitive workflows are required for seamless integration of HPC and experimental facilities. The Advanced Computing Ecosystem (ACE) is a strategic initiative within the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) established in 2024 to support the development of cutting-edge technologies to advance computational research and infrastructure at OLCF and across the Department of Energy (DOE). Several DOE initiatives are spearheading the evolution of the scientific landscape by blurring facility boundaries and connecting the user facilities to advance scientific capabilities and ensure energy dominance. The DOE Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) program is one example that is laying a foundation to support complex cross-facility workflows. The IRI program aims to integrate diverse computational resources, data infrastructures, and scientific instruments to facilitate collaboration and accelerate scientific discovery. The Interconnected Science Ecosystem (INTERSECT) initiative at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is another example that aims to revolutionize scientific research through AI-driven, interconnected autonomous laboratories and research facilities. Finally, the American Science Cloud (AmSC), recently announced in the “One Big Beautiful Bill”, aims to leverage prior infrastructure efforts of the IRI and automation and AI efforts of INTERSECT (and others) to build a federated, AI-augmented AmSC platform to unify the DOE’s computing, experimental, and data resources to catalyze scientific innovation.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Drifting Acoustic Measurements around C-Power's SeaRay WEC

The repository contains underwater noise measurements and associated metadata collected around C-Power's SeaRay wave energy converter on July 15, 2024 and July 16, 2024 while it was deployed at the U.S. Navy's Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) in Kaneohe, HI. Measurements were obtained using Drifting Acoustic Instrumentation SYstems (DAISYs). DAISYs consist of a surface expression connected to a hydrophone recording package by a tether. Both elements are instrumented to provide metadata (e.g., position, orientation, and depth). Information about how to build DAISYs is available at https://www.pmec.us/research-projects/daisy. The repository's primary content is a compressed archive (.zip format), containing multiple MATLAB binary data files (.mat format). The structure of each file is included in the repository as a Word document (Data Description MHK-DR.docx). Each file contains time series information for a single DAISY deployment (file naming convention: WETS_DAISY_[Drift #].mat) consisting of processed hydrophone data and associated metadata. During these measurements, C-Power's SeaRay was located at approximately 21.48112 N, 157.74451 W.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS2020

Multi-Point Line Focused Laser Differential Interferometer for High-Speed Flow Fluctuation Measurements

A multi-point focused laser differential interferometer (FLDI) has been developed to measure density fluctuations at 16 points along a line. A pair of cylindrical lenses on the transmitter side of a conventional single-point FLDI instrument form two closely spaced (≤200 μm), orthogonally polarized, parallel laser lines at the instrument’s focus. On the receiver side of the instrument, the interference of the beams on a 16-element photodiode array results in a single line of measurements. The further addition of a Nomarski prism creates two separate measurement lines, and the addition of a second photodiode array to the instrument enables simultaneous measurements of density fluctuations along the two lines separated by several millimeters. These two lines of measurement can be conveniently oriented at any azimuthal angle relative to the instrument’s optical axis on the measurement plane, coinciding with the instrument’s focus. Two experiments were performed to demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument. In the first experiment, a laser-induced breakdown spark generated a traveling spherical shock wave, and measurements of the resulting density disturbance and wave velocity were obtained. These results were compared to high-speed schlieren images of the shock wave acquired at 400 kHz. In the second experiment, the multi-point FLDI instrument was used to measure density disturbances in the boundary layer of a flat plate in a Mach 6 freestream flow. The measurements were made along two lines, both approximately 6 mm in length, extending from the surface of the plate through the boundary layer. High-speed schlieren images were acquired at 100 kHz during separate wind tunnel runs at matching unit Reynolds numbers to visualize the unsteady boundary layer flow and compare to the FLDI measurements.

Laser beam shaping↗
DOE OSTI2024

DAISY Benchmark Performance Data

This repository contains the underlying data from benchmark experiments for Drifting Acoustic Instrumentation SYstems (DAISYs) in waves and currents described in "Performance of a Drifting Acoustic Instrumentation SYstem (DAISY) for Characterizing Radiated Noise from Marine Energy Converters" (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40722-024-00358-6). DAISYs consist of a surface expression connected to a hydrophone recording package by a tether. Both elements are instrumented to provide metadata (e.g., position, orientation, and depth). Information about how to build DAISYs is available at https://www.pmec.us/research-projects/daisy. The repository's primary content is three compressed archives (.zip format), each containing multiple MATLAB binary data files (.mat format). A table relating individual data files to figures in the paper, as well as the structure of each file, is included in the repository as a Word document (Data Description MHK-DR.docx). Most of the files contain time series information for a single DAISY deployment (file naming convention: [site]_DAISY_[Drift #].mat) consisting of processed hydrophone data and associated metadata. For a limited number of DAISY deployments, the hydrophone package was replaced with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (file naming convention: [site]_DAISY_[Drift #]_ADV.mat). Data were collected over several years at three locations: (1) Sequim Bay at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Marine & Coastal Research Laboratory (MCRL) in Sequim, WA, the energetic tidal channel in Admiralty Inlet, WA (Admiralty Inlet), and the U.S. Navy's Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) in Kaneohe, HI. Brief descriptions of data files at each location follow. - MCRL - (1) Drift #4 and #16 contrast the performance of a DAISY and a reference hydrophone (icListen HF Reson), respectively, in the quiescent interior of Sequim Bay (September 2020). (2) Drift #152 and #153 are velocity measurements for a drifting acoustic Doppler velocimeter in in the tidally-energetic entrance channel inside a flow shield and exposed to the flow, respectively (January 2018). (3) Two non-standard files are also included: DAISY_data.mat corresponds to a subset of a DAISY drift over an Adaptable Monitoring Package (AMP) and AMP_data.mat corresponds to approximately co-temporal data for a stationary hydrophone on the AMP (February 2019). - Admiralty Inlet - (1) Drift #1-12 correspond to tests with flow shielded DAISYs, unshielded DAISYs, a reference hydrophone, and drifting acoustic Doppler velocimeter with 5, 10, and 15 m tether lengths between surface expression and hydrophone recording package (July 2022). (2) Drift #13-20 correspond to tests of flow shielded DAISYs with three different tether materials (rubber cord, nylon line, and faired nylon line) in lengths of 5, 10, and 15 m (July 2022). - WETS - (1) Drift #30-32 correspond to tests with a heave plate incorporated into the tether (standard configuration for wave sites), rubber cord only, and rubber cord, but with a flow shielded hydrophone (November 2022). (2) Drift #49-58 and Drift #65-68 correspond to measurements around mooring infrastructure at the 60 m berth where time-delay-of-arrival localization was demonstrated for different DAISY arrangements and hydrophone depths (November 2022).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2021

A New Experimental Station for Liquid Interface X-Ray Scattering At NSLS-II Beamline 12-ID

Open Platform and Liquids Scattering (OPLS) is a new experimental station recently built and currently being commissioned at the Soft Matter Interfaces (SMI) beamline 12-ID at NSLS-II. The new instrument expands SMI’s beamline scientific capabilities via the addition of X-ray scattering techniques from liquid surfaces and interfaces. The design of this new instrument, located inside the 12-ID beamline shielding enclosure (hutch B), is based on a single Ge (111) crystal deflector, which bounces the incident x-ray beam downward towards a liquid sample which must be maintained in a horizontal orientation (gravity-driven consideration). The OPLS instrument has a variable deflector-to-sample distance ranging from 0.6 m to 1.5 m. X-ray detectors are mounted on a 2-theta scattering arm located downstream of the sample location. The 2-theta arm is designed to hold up to three X-ray detectors, with fixed 2-theta angular offsets, each dedicated to a different X-ray technique such as X-ray reflectivity, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering, and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Currently, the OPLS experimental station intercepts the SMI beam that otherwise propagates to the experimental endstation located in hutch C and can be retracted to a ’parking’ position laterally out of this beam to allow installation of a removable beam pipe that is needed to support operations in hutch C. The design of OPLS is flexible enough to quickly adapt to a planned future configuration of the SMI beamline in which a OPLS is illuminated separately from the main SMI branch via a second, canted undulator source and a separate photon delivery system. In this future configuration, both branches will be able to operate independently and simultaneously.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1980

Single-chip microcomputer application in high-altitude balloon orientation system

This paper describes the application of a single-chip microcomputer in a high-altitude balloon instrumentation system. The system, consisting of a magnetometer, a stepping motor, a microcomputer and a gray code shaft encoder, is used to provide an orientation reference to point a scientific instrument at an object in space. The single-chip microcomputer, Intel's 8748, consisting of a CPU, program memory, data memory and I/O ports, is used to control the orientation of the system.

Lim, T. S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of the angular dependence of the spontaneous Raman scattering in anisotropic crystalline materials using spherical samples: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a case example

A specialized experimental configuration was created to allow for more-accurate characterization of the spontaneous Raman scattering properties in anisotropic materials. This need stems from the challenges, arising from the complexity of light propagation, in obtaining accurate measurements of the angular dependence of the Raman scattering cross section in birefringent materials. The nonlinear optical material KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) is used as a model medium. Our report is motivated by the need to improve our understanding and management of transverse stimulated Raman scattering in KDP crystals and its deuterated analog, DKDP, typically used for frequency conversion and polarization control in large-aperture laser systems. Key to this experimental platform is the use of high-quality spherical samples that enable one to measure the Raman scattering cross section in a wide range of geometries using only a single sample. The effect of polarization rotation of both the pump light and the collected Raman signal must be carefully considered in data analysis and can give rise to artifacts, which can, in part, be mitigated by reducing the input and collection cone angles.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Repeatability and sensitivity characterization of the far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy instrument at the Advanced Photon Source

In the last two decades, far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy (FF-HEDM) and similar non-destructive techniques have been actively developed at synchrotron light sources around the world. As these techniques (and associated analysis tools) are becoming more available for the general users of these light sources, it is important and timely to characterize their performance and capabilities. In this work, the FF-HEDM instrument implemented at the 1-ID-E endstation of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is summarized. The set of measurements conducted to characterize the instrument's repeatability and sensitivity to changes in grain orientation and position are also described. When an appropriate grain matching method is used, the FF-HEDM instrument's repeatability is approximately 5 µm in translation, 0.02° in rotation, and 2 × 10 −4 in strain; the instrument sensitivity is approximately 5 µm in translation and 0.05° in rotation.

3DXRD↗
NASA NTRS1969

An analysis of a navigation scheme for MLRV

Manned lunar roving vehicle /MLRV/ navigation scheme based on dead reckoning concept, discussing instruments effectiveness for vehicle velocity and orientation measurements

Hung, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Attitude transfer assembly design for MAGSAT

A description is given of a design for an instrument system that will monitor the orientation of a boom-mounted vector magnetometer relative to the main spacecraft body. The attitude of the magnetometer is measured with respect to X and Z axes lateral to the boom length and also a twist axis around the boom center line. These measurements are made in a noncontact optical approach employing a three-axis autocollimator system mounted on the main body of the spacecraft with only passive elements (reflectors) located at the end of the 20-foot boom.

Collyer, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Aircraft icing instrumentation: Unfilled needs

A list of icing instrumentation requirements are presented. Because of the Army's helicopter orientation, many of the suggestions are specific to rotary wing aircraft; however, some of the instrumentation are also suitable for general aviation aircraft.

Kitchens, P. F.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The Orthogonal In-Situ Machining of Single and Polycrystalline Aluminum and Copper, Volume 1

Metal cutting is a unique deformation process characterized by large strains, exceptionally high strain rates and few constraints to the deformation. These factors, along with the difficulty of directly measuring the shear angle, make chip formation difficult to model and understand. One technique for skirting the difficulty of post mortem chip measurement is to perform a cutting experiment dynamically in a scanning electron microscope. The performance of the in-situ experiment with full instrumentation allows for component force measurement, orientation measurement (on a round single crystal disk) and a timing device, all superimposed below the deformation on the TV monitor and recorded for future viewing. This allows the sher angle to be directly measured for the screen along with the other needed information.

Cohen, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1988

A cosmic and solar X-ray and gamma-ray instrument for a scout launch

An overview is presented for a set of simple and robust X-ray and gamma ray instruments which have both cosmic and solar objectives. The primary solar scientific objective is the study of the beaming of energetic electrons and ions in solar flares. The instrument will measure spectra and polarization of flare emissions up to 10 MeV. At X-ray energies both the directly emitted flux and the reflected albedo flux will be measured with a complement of six X-ray sensors. Each of these detectors will have a different high Z filter selected to optimize both the energy resolution and high rate capabilities in the energy band 10 to 300 keV. At energies greater than 100 keV seven 7.6 x 7.6 cm NaI and a set of 30 concentric plastic scattering detectors will record the spectra and polarization of electron bremsstrahlung and nuclear gamma rays. All of the components of the instrument are in existence and have passed flight tests for earlier space missions. The instrument will use a spinning solar oriented Scout spacecraft. The NaI detectors will act as a self-modulating gamma ray detector for cosmic sources in a broad angular band which lies at 90 degrees to the Sun-Earth vector and hence will scan the entire sky in 6 months.

Forrest, D. J.↗