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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Application of Ibuprofen Sodium Dihydrate for Thermochemical Energy Storage

Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) offers a transformative approach to address grid instability by harnessing reversible chemical reactions for efficient heat storage and release. Here, we introduce pharmaceutical organic salt hydrates as a class of materials with exceptional performance for low-grade waste heat recovery. We demonstrate ibuprofen sodium dihydrate (ISD) as an example organic hydrate exhibiting a dehydration temperature range of 60-110 °C and a remarkable dehydration enthalpy of up to 59.5 kJ/mol of water, ideally suited for capturing industrial and residential waste heat. Using rigorous multimodal characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, in-situ FTIR, in-situ PXRD, and NMR, we demonstrate ISD's superior thermal, chemical, and structural stability over 150 hydration-dehydration cycles, achieving an unprecedented cycling efficiency of ~99.9%. Compared to conventional inorganic salt hydrates like strontium chloride hexahydrate and calcium oxalate monohydrate, ISD showcases enhanced durability without deliquescence or pulverization, even under high-humidity conditions. In-situ analyses confirm the transition from ISD to ibuprofen sodium anhydrous (ISA) proceeds with structural reorganization, thereby combining the dehydration mechanism with phase transitions, resulting in higher energy storage capacity. Microstructural analyses reveal that repeated water intercalation and structural transitions aid in creating significant porosity that enhances water transport kinetics, further improving the hydration/dehydration performance. By combining the phase change and chemical dehydration mechanisms, ISD paves the way for designing a new class of organic salt hydrates, offering tunable properties to meet diverse thermal energy storage demands and supporting sustainable grid resilience.

Thangaraj, Kavin C.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Summer Internship Report: ARA2 Benchmarking

Over the past decade, the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) has emerged as a significant player in both academic and industrial processor design due to its open-source nature, modular extension system, and versatility across domains ranging from microcontrollers to high-performance computing (HPC). One of its most important recent advancements is the RISC-V Vector Extension (RVV), which enables explicit data-level parallelism through vector registers and vectorized instructions. Unlike traditional SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) architectures that fix vector lengths at design time, RVV uses the concept of VLEN (vector register length) as a hardware-independent parameter and allows software to adapt dynamically to the available vector width. This flexible approach ensures portability across implementations while enabling scalable performance. The ARA2 core is a parameterizable RISC-V vector processor developed at the Integrated Systems Lab at ETH Zürich and the University of Bologna. Designed as a tightly-coupled accelerator to a scalar RISC-V core, ARA2 implements the RVV 1.0 specification and offers tunable architectural parameters such as the number of vector lanes, VLEN, and cache sizes.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

DER Cybersecurity Standards: Assessment and Gap Analysis

The purpose of this report is to share the comprehensive gap analysis of existing cybersecurity standards applicable to Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) within the electric power sector. This analysis aims to identify critical deficiencies in current standards, assess their alignment with industry needs, and provide actionable recommendations for enhancing cybersecurity measures. The scope encompasses various DER technologies, including solar, wind, energy storage, and hydrogen fuel cells, and emphasizes the significance of establishing robust cybersecurity frameworks and standards to safeguard these increasingly integrated systems. The report provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the DER ecosystem, including manufacturers, utilities, and regulators. It underscores the importance of continued development and refinement of cybersecurity standards to keep up with the technical advances in DERs and associated cybersecurity challenges. The analysis evaluated IEC, IEEE, ISA, ISO, and UL standards relevant to DER cybersecurity. Standards were assessed on their coverage of key requirements including data availability, integrity, confidentiality, access control, authentication, encryption, and system hardening. For each standard, the analysis assessed its alignment with current industry practices, regulatory compliance, effectiveness in addressing known risks, coverage of emerging risks, and how it promotes interoperability. The evaluation also considered potential integration challenges and barriers to adoption.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

CT584 Is Not a Protective Vaccine Antigen against Respiratory Chlamydial Challenge in Mice

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted pathogen in humans worldwide. Since chlamydial infection is largely asymptomatic with the potential for serious complications, a preventative vaccine is likely the most viable long-term answer to this public health threat. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) utilizes the cellular protein manufacturing machinery decoupled from the requirement for maintaining cellular viability, offering the potential for flexible, rapid, and decentralized production of recombinant protein vaccine antigens. Methods: Here, we use CFPS to produce the full-length putative chlamydial type three secretion system (T3SS) needle-tip protein, CT584, for evaluation as a vaccine antigen in mouse models. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) (RIBM, Tsukuba, Japan) imaging and computer simulations confirm that CFPS-produced CT584 retains a native-like structure prior to immunization. Female mice were primed with CT584 adjuvanted with CpG-1826 intranasally (i.n.) or CpG-1826 + Montanide ISA 720 intramuscularly (i.m.), followed four weeks later by an i.m. boost before respiratory challenge with 10 4 inclusion forming units (IFU) of Chlamydia muridarum. Results: Immunization with CT584 generated robust antibody responses but weak cell-mediated immunity and failed to protect against i.n. challenge as demonstrated by body weight loss, increased lung weights, and the presence of high numbers of IFUs in the lungs. Conclusion: While CT584 was not a protective vaccine candidate, the speed and flexibility with which CFPS can be used to produce other potential chlamydial antigens make it an attractive technique for antigen production.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1972

Reference data for thermocouple materials below the ice point.

Standard thermoelectric data have been determined for four thermocouple combinations used below the ice point: commercial types E, K, and T and the special combination of KP vs Au-0.07 at.% Fe. Power series coefficients necessary to generate E = f(T) data for these combinations are given. In addition, extensive tests were carried out to ascertain the variability between materials from different manufacturers. Typical wires processed for low-temperature usage often have slightly thermoelectric properties (up to 1%) from those, nominally identical, wires made for high-temperature applications. Generally, type E is the most satisfactory standardized commercial combination. The Au-0.07 at.% Fe material has been examined in particular detail, because it is not yet an ISA standard material. It has excellent sensitivity in the liquid helium/liquid hydrogen temperature range and a nearly linear thermovoltage at higher temperatures.

Sparks, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The use of ERTS/LANDSAT imagery in relation to airborne remote sensing for terrain analysis in Western Queensland, Australia

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT 1 and 2 imagery contrast the geology of the Cloncurry-Dobbyn and the Gregory River-Mt. Isa areas very clearly. Known major structural features and lithological units are clearly displayed while, hitherto unknown lineaments were revealed. Throughout this area, similar rock types produce similar spectral signatures, e.g. quartzites produce light signatures, iron rich rocks produce dark signatures. More geological data are discernible at the 1:50,000 scale than on the 1:250,000 scale. Ore horizons may be identified at the 1:50,000 scale, particularly where they are associated with iron rich rocks. On the level plains north of Cloncurry, distinctive spectral signatures produced by the combined reflectances of plant cover, soils, and geology, distinguish different types of superficial deposits. Existing and former channels of the Cloncurry and Williams Rivers are distinguished at the 1:50,000 scale on both the LANDSAT 1 and 2 imagery. On the Cloncurry Plains, fence lines are discernible on the 1:50,000 LANDSAT 2 imagery.

Cole, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

HCMM imagery for the discrimination of rock types, the detection of geothermal energy sources and the assessment of soil moisture content in western Queensland and adjacent parts of New South Wales and South Australia

The author has identified the following significant results. Day-visible and day-IR imagery of northwest Queensland show that large scale geological features like the Mitakoodi anticlinorium, which involves rocks of contrasting lithological type, can be delineated. North of Cloncurry, the contrasting lithological units of the Knapdale quartzite and bedded argillaceous limestones within the Proterozoic Corella sequence are clearly delineated in the area of the Dugald River Lode. Major structural features in the Mount Isa area are revealed on the day-visible cover. Which provides similar but less detailed information than the LANDSAT imagery. The day-IR cover provides less additional information for areas of outcropping bedrock than had been expected. Initial studies of the day-IR and night-IR cover for parts of South Australia suggest that they contain additional information on geology compared with day-visible cover.

Cole, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

International solar-terrestrial physics program: A plan for the core spaceflight missions

This brochure has been prepared by NASA on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA), the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (Japan) (ISAS), and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to describe the scope of the science problems to be investigated and the mission plan for the core International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Program. This information is intended to stimulate discussions and plans for the comprehensive worldwide ISTP Program. The plan for the study of the solar - terrestrial system is included. The Sun, geospace, and Sun-Earth interaction is discussed as is solar dynamics and the origins of solar winds.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1985

Limb-atmospheric infrared spectrum observed on the satellite Ohzora

The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) launched the 9th scientific satellite Ohzora at 17:00 JST on February 14, 1984. This satellite bears the spectrometer, which measures the infrared spectrum of the solar radiation passing the limb atmosphere in the wavelength region of 2 to 10 m. The spectrometer is based on multichannel spectroscopy by using image sensors. Since the wavelength is scanned electronically, it can measure the spectrum unaffected by the satellite motion. A definite axis, i.e., the Z-axis of the satellite, which coincides to the optical axis of the spectrometer, is controlled to the direction of the Sun, and the finer control to introduce the solar light into the spectrometer is made with a 2-axes-controlled mirror. This solar tracking equipment is derived fast enough to measure the spectra in a moment after sunrise. The solar light introduced into the spectrometer is focused on the slits of the monochromators (f=100mm). For better altitude resolution, the horizontal slit is also used with the vertical slit, which is used for the separation of the dispersion. The dispersion light is detected with the pyroelectric array sensors. To obtain maximum dynamic range and spectral resolution, the three-stage polychromator is used.

Matsuzaki, A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The HESP (High Energy Solar Physics) project

A project for space observations of solar flares for the coming solar maximum phase is briefly described. The main objective is to make a comprehensive study of high energy phenomena of flares through simultaneous imagings in both hard and soft X-rays. The project will be performed with collaboration from US scientists. The HESP (High Energy Solar Physics) WG of ISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences) has extensively discussed future aspects of space observations of high energy phenomena of solar flares based on successful results of the Hinotori mission, and proposed a comprehensive research program for the next solar maximum, called the HESP (SOLAR-A) project. The objective of the HESP project is to make a comprehensive study of both high energy phenomena of flares and quiet structures including pre-flare states, which have been left uncovered by SMM and Hinotori. For such a study simultaneous imagings with better resolutions in space and time in a wide range of energy will be extremely important.

Kai, K.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Liquid helium cooled Fabry-Perot spectrometers

An account is given of two successful efforts to construct cryogenic Fabry-Perot interferometers that are sufficiently compact and stable for such harsh conditions as those of balloon or space observations, as well as ground-based ones. Attention is given to the design features and performance of a Fabry-Perot interferometer incorporating an electromagnet actuator, the ISAS interferometer, a Fabry-Perot spectrometer with superconducting actuators, and the University of Arizona interferometer.

Okuda, H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The exploration of Halley's comet - An example of international cooperation

The history of international cooperation in studies of comets started with observations in 1577 and 1680, when Tycho Brahe and Newton, respectively, collected position measurements made in different countries to determine the paths of the comets observed. In the fall of 1979, a worldwide Comet Halley watch was proposed. As a result of international cooperation, Comet Halley was explored during its recent appearance from the ground, earth orbit, Venus orbit, interplanetary space, and from within the comet itself. The various activities in space were coordinated by the ESA, the USSR Intercosmos, the Japanese ISAS, and NASA, through the Inter-Agency Consultative Group. The activities of the ground-based observers were coordinated by the International Halley Watch.

Rahe, Jurgen H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Using TDRSS as an orbiting VLBI observatory

The procedures and results of experimental VLBI astronomical observations performed using TDRSE, the first deployed satellite of the NASA TDRSS, as one of the network telescopes are reviewed. The other two elements of the VLBI network were the high-sensitivity 64-m antennas of the NASA DSN in Australia and of ISAS in Japan, with a 25-m Japanese antenna used to check their performance. The E configuration of the Mark III recording system at White Sands was used to record seven contiguous 2-MHz channels centered at 2.27799 GHz during five 3-h periods in July-August 1986. Although satellite pointing failures and ground-station problems limited the number of useful observations to six, interferometric fringes of the sources were obtained in all of these observations, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach.

Ulvestad, James S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Extending the granularity of representation and control for the MIL-STD CAIS 1.0 node model

The Common APSE (Ada 1 Program Support Environment) Interface Set (CAIS) (DoD85) node model provides an excellent baseline for interfaces in a single-host development environment. To encompass the entire spectrum of computing, however, the CAIS model should be extended in four areas. It should provide the interface between the engineering workstation and the host system throughout the entire lifecycle of the system. It should provide a basis for communication and integration functions needed by distributed host environments. It should provide common interfaces for communications mechanisms to and among target processors. It should provide facilities for integration, validation, and verification of test beds extending to distributed systems on geographically separate processors with heterogeneous instruction set architectures (ISAS). Additions to the PROCESS NODE model to extend the CAIS into these four areas are proposed.

Rogers, Kathy L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Test Processor For PCM Telemetry

User displays telemetric data in variety of formats. TDPlus system is a data-processing subsystem designed for use in testing pulse-code-modulation (PCM) telemetry equipment. Accommodates variety of PCM formats. Includes custom-built set of four circuit cards that plug into any personal computer compatible with Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus. Software written in 'C', very user-friendly, and enables anyone who has basic knowledge of telemetry to use system without instruction manual. Built for about tenth of cost of currently available commercial unit of similar capability.

Massey, David↗
NASA NTRS1989

The soft x ray telescope for Solar-A

The Solar-A satellite being prepared by the Institute for Sapce and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS) in Japan is dedicated to high energy observations of solar flares. The Soft X Ray Telescope (SXT) is being prepared to provide filtered images in the 2 to 60 A interval. The flight model is now undergoing tests in the 1000 foot tunnel at MSFC. Launch will be in September 1991. Earlier resolution and efficiency tests on the grazing incidence mirror have established its performance in soft x rays. The one-piece, two mirror grazing incidence telescope is supported in a strain free mount separated from the focal plane assembly by a carbon-epoxy metering tube whose windings and filler are chosen to minimize thermal and hygroscopic effects. The CCD detector images both the x ray and the concentric visible light aspect telescope. Optical filters provide images at 4308 and 4700 A. The SXT will be capable of producing over 8000 of the smallest partial frame images per day, or fewer but larger images, up to 1024 x 1024 pixel images. Image sequence with two or more of the five x ray analysis filters, with automatic exposure compensation to optimize the charge collection by the CCD detector, will be used to provide plasma diagnostics. Calculations using a differential emission measure code were used to optimize filter selection over the range of emission measure variations and to avoid redundancy, but the filters were chosen primarily to give ratios that are monotonic in plasma temperature.

Brown, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Soft X-ray spectroscopy of solar flares - An overview

An overview of the current status of high spectral resolution soft X-ray observations of solar flares is given. The review concentrates primarily on recent results and interpretations of results obtained from orbiting Bragg crystal spectrometers flow during the last solar maximum on the US DoD P78-1 spacecraft, the NASA SMM, and the ISAS Hinotori spacecraft. Results and several key issues regarding interpretation of the spectra are presented. Specifically, the dynamics of coronal flare plasmas as revealed by X-ray line profiles and wavelength shifts are discussed. Recent results concerning the theory of chromospheric evaporation are given. The temperature of coronal flare plasma is discussed within the context of a differential mission measure. Results concerning electron density measurements, nonequilibrium processes, and relative element abundances are also reviewed.

Doschek, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The ISTP Program - An opportunity for collaboration in the investigation of solar-terrestrial relationships in the Americas

The ESA-NASA-ISAS International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) project has come to involve more than 2000 scientists worldwide; its investment of $2 billion by the U.S., the E.E.C., and Japan constitutes an excellent opportunity for participation of Latin American scientists in the analysis of geophysical observational data. The range of scientific problems addressed by ISTP are presently discussed with a view to the participation of Latin American researchers equipped with work stations of the requisite power.

Acuna, Mario H.↗