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Results for “PLANETARY TEMPERATURE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Intercomparison of planetary-scale diagnostics derived from separate satellite and radiosonde time-mean temperature fields

The planetary-scale components of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere troposphere-stratosphere 1973-74 winter circulation are diagnosed using separate time-mean temperature fields based on radiosonde and satellite observations. Meridional cross-sections of zonal wind together with, for zonal wavenumbers 1, 2 and 3, the streamfunction amplitude, phase and Eliassen-Palm flux are displayed, with the relative accuracy of the satellite-derived diagnostics assessed through comparison with the 'ground-truth' radiosonde information. The satellite and radiosonde diagnostics compare most favourably in terms of zonal wind speed and shear, direction of wave propagation and meridional wave structure - all of which are closely related to the differential properties of the atmospheric temperature field. The intensity of the satellite-derived patterns of tropospheric wave propagation is underestimated due to the effects of spatial smoothing and residual cloud contamination present in the satellite radiance measurements.

Miles, T.↗
NASA NTRS1978

One-millimeter brightness temperatures of the planets

Results are reported for a bolometric determination of the relative brightness at a wavelength of 1 mm of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The relative measurements are converted to absolute temperatures by using a thermal model for Mars, which was checked by observations of Mars and Jupiter at two different epochs. The mean planetary disk temperatures are found to be 320 + or 16 K for Mercury, 276 + or - 14 K for Venus, 145 + or - 7 K for Saturn, 168 + or - 8 K for Jupiter, 87 + or - 7 K for Uranus, and 96 + or - 10 K for Neptune. These results are compared with previous determinations at other wavelengths, and some aspects of the observations of the individual planets are briefly discussed.

Werner, M. W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Efficiency study comparing two helicopter planetary reduction stages

A study was conducted to compare the efficiency of two helicopter transmission planetary reduction stages. Experimental measurements and analytical predictions were made. The analysis predicted and experiments verified that one planetary stage was a more efficient design due to the type of planet bearing used in the stage. The effects of torque, speed, lubricant type, and lubricant temperature on planetary efficiency are discussed.

Krantz, Timothy L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Efficiency study comparing two helicopter planetary reduction stages

A study was conducted to compare the efficiency of two helicopter transmission planetary reduction stages. Experimental measurements and analytical predictions were made. The analysis predicted and experiments verified that one planetary stage was a more efficient design due to the type of planet bearing used in the stage. The effects of torque, speed, lubricant type, and lubricant temperature on planetary efficiency are discussed.

Krantz, Timothy L.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Heat-transfer thermal switch

Thermal switch maintains temperature of planetary lander, within definite range, by transferring heat. Switch produces relatively large stroke and force, uses minimum electrical power, is lightweight, is vapor pressure actuated, and withstands sterilization temperatures without damage.

Friedell, M. V.↗
NASA NTRS1964

The upper atmosphere of jupiter.

Jovian upper atmospheric model and calculation of temperature profile, radiation flux and ionospheric structure

RADIATION EMISSION↗
NASA NTRS1966

Some comments on the Venus temperature.

Interpretations of microwave emission from Venus through experiments in which anomalous signals have been observed in X-band from glow discharges

PLANETARY TEMPERATURE↗
NASA NTRS1972

The inference of temperature from the infrared spectra of planets.

The paper is concerned primarily with the determination of the temperature of planetary atmospheres from ground-based observations of the vibration-rotation spectra of their constituent gases. The paper is divided into two parts. The first is a discussion of the theoretical basis and analytical methods for the interpretation of planetary spectra formed by reflection of solar radiation, in the ideal case of a clear, nonscattering atmosphere; this is followed by a brief description of the effects of scattering in cloudy atmospheres on the formation of spectral lines and on the inferred temperatures. In the second part examples are given of the results which have been obtained for effective temperatures and thermal structures, for both the pure absorbing and the scattering cases, and these are compared with the results of flyby and entry probe measurements.

Farmer, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Effects of temperature on remotely sensed mineral absorption features

The present paper provides the results from a series of laboratory experiments which were conducted to investigate the variable spectral behavior of diagnostic Fe(++) crystal field absorptions in common rock-forming minerals as a function of temperature. The general goal of the study is to refine existing techniques of mineralogic and chemical characterization, based on specific optical behavior which has been measured and correlated in a systematic way. It is pointed out that the presented work, taken together with a number of recent studies, provides new information on the manner in which specific features of mafic minerals combine in rocks and soil spectra, taking into account also variations of identification and subsequent interpretation as a function of planetary surface temperature. The obtained results are directly applicable to interpretation of remotely sensed data for many solar system objects, particularly Mars, asteroids, the moon, earth, and Mercury.

Singer, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Spectral behavior of hydrated sulfate salts: implications for Europa mission spectrometer design

Remote sensing of the surface of Europa with near-infrared instruments has suggested the presence of hydrated materials, including sulfate salts. Attention has been focused on these salts for the information they might yield regarding the evolution of a putative interior ocean, and the evaluation of its astrobiological potential. These materials exhibit distinct infrared absorption features due to bound water. The interactions of this water with the host molecules lead to fine structure that can be used to discriminate among these materials on the basis of their spectral behavior. This fine structure is even more pronounced at the low temperatures prevalent on icy satellites. Examination of hydrated sulfate salt spectra measured under cryogenic temperature conditions provides realistic constraints for future remote-sensing missions to Europa. In particular, it suggests that a spectrometer system capable of 2-5 nm spectral resolution or better, with a spatial resolution approaching 100 m, would be able to differentiate among proposed hydrated surface materials, if present, and constrain their distributions across the surface. Such information would provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of Europa.

Astronomy↗
NASA NTRS1993

Collision cross sections and diffusion parameters for H and D in atomic oxygen

Modeling the behavior of H and D in planetary exospheres requires detailed knowledge of the differential scattering cross sections for all of the important neutral-neutral and ion-neutral collision processes affecting these species over their entire ranges of interaction energies. In the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and other planets as well, the interactions of H and D with atomic oxygen determine the rates of diffusion of escaping hydrogen isotopes through the thermosphere, the velocity distributions of exospheric atoms that encounter the upper thermosphere, the lifetimes of exospheric orbiters with periapsides near the exobase, and the transfer of momentum in collisions with hot O. The nature of H-O and D-O collisions and the derivation of a data base consisting of phase shifts and the differential, total, and momentum transfer cross sections for these interactions in the energy range 0.001 - 10 eV are discussed. Coefficients of mutual diffusion and thermal diffusion factors are calculated for temperatures of planetary interest.

Hodges, R. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Environment of Jupiter.

Jupiter environment, effects of huge mass, high rotation rate, temperature and dominant H and He atmosphere

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE↗
NASA NTRS1974

Venus and Mercury Encounters

Mariner 10 observations of Venus, Mercury, Comet Kohoutek, and other interplanetary objects are reported. Data cover planetary atmospheres, temperature, and surface detail.

Source record↗