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DOE OSTI2020

Q4FY20 Quarterly Report. LL20-AM-sensor

Tardigrade is an effort to create tunable thermal expansion materials for use in a ruggedized lens housing. This requires new computational algorithms to model and predict thermal performance of meta-materials composed of multiple structured base materials and void-space, along with matching and developing 3D print technology to demonstrate the housing. Project is 13 months into the 30 month on complete project plan. We are continuing effort on 3 main technical thrusts: algorithm development, multi-material additive manufacturing process exploration, and sensor/optics design and engineering. In FY20 we underspent the initial budget, partly due to work restrictions from Covid-19 pandemic, but are working to make up lost time

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Techno-Economic Analysis: Best Practices and Assessment Tools

A team at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) recognized the growing need to maintain and organize the internal community of Techno - Economic Assessment analysts at the lab . To meet this need, an internal core team identified a working group of experienced, new, and future analysts to: 1) document TEA best practices; 2) identify existing resources at Sandia and elsewhere; and 3) identify gaps in our existing capabilities . Sandia has a long history of using techno - economic analyses to evaluate various technologies , including consideration of system resilience . Expanding our TEA capabilities will provide a rigorous basis for evaluating science, engineering and technology - oriented projects, allowing Sandia programs to quantify the impact of targeted research and development (R&D), and improving Sandia's competitiveness for external funding options . Developing this working group reaffirms the successful use of TEA and related techniques when evaluating the impact of R&D investments, proposed work, and internal approaches to leverage deep technical and robust, business - oriented insights . The main findings of this effort demonstrated the high - impact TEA has on future cost, adoption for applications and impact metric forecasting insights via key past exemplar applied techniques in a broad technology application space . Recommendations from this effort include maintaining and growing the best practices approaches when applying TEA, appreciating the tools (and their limits) from other national laboratories and the academic community, and finally a recognition that more proposals and R&D investment decision s locally at Sandia , and more broadly in the research community from funding agencies , require TEA approaches to justify and support well thought - out project planning.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Structural Characterization of Potential Carbon Dioxide Reservoirs and Adjacent Strata within the Llandovery Silurian to Middle Devonian Strata of Ohio

The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) has incorporated the work of geologic research teams (Geoteams) in its regional characterization, project planning and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) injection implementation work since the partnership was established by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2003. Over this 16-year period, the cohort of Geoteams has grown from five to ten states and has contributed to the characterization of geologic sequestration opportunities, refinement of reservoir and seal data, and supported injection efforts through both predictive and post-injection assessments. This report details the work led by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey to evaluate the structure of nine formations in the Appalachian Basin of Ohio to assess seal integrity and whether carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) migration pathways could pose a potential risk. As part of Phase II MRCSP work, the Pennsylvania Geological Survey led the characterization of the Llandovery Silurian (“middle Silurian”) to Middle Devonian regional geologic characterization CO 2 utilization and storage. This preliminary assessment included generalized, regional-scale mapping, as well as the development of relatively coarse structure and isochore maps of stratigraphic intervals of interest for the Appalachian Basin. Because this stratigraphic interval offers several enhanced oil recovery targets and secondary targets for CO 2 storage, the Ohio Geological Survey undertook efforts in Phase III to characterize the Ohio’s portion of the Appalachian Basin more precisely and to resolve inconsistencies within Ohio’s formation tops. This study refined the subsurface correlations of the Silurian-through-Devonian stratigraphic section in Ohio. Higher-resolution isochore mapping of the CO 2 storage reservoirs and seals provides greater detail of potential high-porosity zones and potential structural influence on the interval.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2020

Regional Geologic Cross Sections for Potential Storage and Containment Zones in the MRCSP Region

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2023

A Historical Review of the Safe Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel

This report meets the requirements of M3 milestone M3SF-21OR020302066 for the Office of Integrated Waste Management (IWM) and is a revision to M3 milestone M3FT-16OR090402028 for the former Nuclear Fuels Storage and Transportation Planning Project (NFST), “Safety Record of SNF Shipments.” The US Department of Energy (DOE) has since established the IWM, which builds on the work begun by NFST, to develop an integrated waste management system for spent nuclear fuel (SNF), including the development of a large-scale transportation system for the safe transport of SNF to storage or disposal facilities.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Modelling the Liquid Waste Operation at the Savannah River Site

Modeling Successes Dounreay – Site Closure Optimization and Risk Reduction Re-structuring and streamlining a complex project plan to achieve site decommissioning in reduced time and at reduced cost, through automated task prioritization. Idaho AMWTP – Multi-stream Optimization Speeding up a complex facility with many process lines, by utilizing all of the process lines more efficiently and reducing overall plant downtime, by coordinating repairs and shutdowns. AWE –Waste Repackaging and Relocation Relocating schedule for waste material from an old storage facility to a new purpose-built one, safely, and in a timely fashion that removed the need to reassure the safety of the old facility. Sellafield – Effluent, Sludge and HAW Treatment Improving a wide range of chemical engineered processes including aqueous effluent treatment, chemically-reactive sludge management and waste vitrification processing. Strategic Petroleum Reserve – Cavern Management Linking chemistry models of petroleum prediction, through engineering cavern management to financial modeling of gasoline sales to benefit US government

Jung, Andrew W.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Sustainable Aviation Fuel State-of-Industry Report: Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Pathway

Climate change is a pressing issue that requires immediate and decisive action to ensure a sustainable future. To reduce CO 2 emissions and speed up the transition to net-zero aviation, the Biden administration has launched the "Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) Grand Challenge" to scale up production of SAF. The challenge aims to achieve 20% reduction in aviation emissions by producing 3 billion gallons per year (BGPY) of SAF by 2030 and to meet 100% of aviation fuel demand by producing 35 BGPY of SAF by 2050. In this report, we provide an overview of the current state of the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) SAF industry, guided by the perspectives of the interviewed experts. Currently, the HEFA pathway is the only commercially deployed method to produce significant amounts of SAF. As a result, SAF produced via the HEFA pathway is expected to make the largest contribution to achieving the 2030 production target and play a key role in boosting and establishing the SAF market. Announced SAF's total capacity, including alcohol-to-jet, FT, and power-to-liquid facilities, is expected to reach 2 BGPY by 2030 (1), with the expected from HEFA. Total HEFA capacity, including construction and planned projects, is expected to reach about 9 BGPY by 2030; if completely executed, this would contribute to renewable diesel (RD) and SAF. The production ratio of SAF and RD will depend on market conditions, incentives, and the capabilities of facilities. While some stakeholders believe that the 2030 goal may be achieved solely via HEFA, others believe that overly relying on HEFA may be detrimental to the development of other necessary pathways to meet 2050 goals. Our conclusion is that the HEFA pathway alone will not be sufficient to reach the 2030 target. It is crucial to implement additional pathways to reach the goal. This report conducts a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the HEFA SAF value chain. Our aim is to provide current status of the industry and to identify potential challenges that could hinder the commercial production and use of SAF produced through the HEFA pathway. We have had extensive discussions, consultations, and collaborative sessions with stakeholders in the HEFA SAF value chain, including HEFA feedstocks, potential volume of HEFA SAF, economic and sustainability metrics when compared to petroleum, and assessment of the HEFA SAF industry's ability to grow and contribute to achieving the "SAF Grand Challenge." Since the HEFA pathway produces both SAF and RD, this report compares both pathways: HEFA to SAF and HEFA to RD.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Z Facility Sustainment Status (April FY 2023) [Slides]

98% of the budget is deployed, remaining $325,000 to be assigned by the end of May. Costs plus Commitments total 58% of the deployed budget. 29 projects have been kicked off and are in progress. Five project plans are being finalized and will be kicked off early summer. The February start has contributed to the risk of not costing all of the FY23 budget.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Data Acquisition and Control for Marine Energy Devices: Cost Considerations

This document discusses the process involved with developing a data acquisition system specifically in the context of applications for Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies however, much of what is presented is applicable to applications requiring data acquisition in general. The detail on the process is provided to highlight the critical steps and needs for a successful measurement campaign and to understand what can impact the overall outcome, cost, and schedule. The process presented is an amalgamation of best practices, lessons learned, recommendations, and prudent technical project planning and management. Data acquisition systems may be tightly integrated with or into the device under measurement and it often has its own dependencies that must be met. Therefore, early consideration and planning for the data acquisition system are stressed throughout this document.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Research at UC Berkeley on the SPICE and HeRALD Dark Matter Experiments (Technical Report for DE-SC0022354)

The McKinsey and Pyle groups have taken on the responsibility to complete a number of critical tasks necessary for the successful completion of the TESSERACT project planning phase. In particular: 1) Transition Edge Sensor testing, characterization, and electromagnetic noise mitigation; 2) Design and testing of the athermal phonon detectors along with vibrational noise characterization and mitigation; 3) Testing and characterization of prototype detectors using silica, sapphire, gallium arsenide, and superfluid helium as detector materials. This grant supported efforts of graduate student Roger Romani toward these goals.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2025

MRCI Subtask 2.3: Developing Industrial Partnerships and Regional Technical Collaboration Final Technical Summary Report

Under the objective of regional data collection and helping accelerate deployment, MRCI collaborated with industrial stakeholders in their project planning, characterization, and analysis. Some examples of these collaborations are given below. The data and information shared by the industrial collaborations added to the regional CCS framework development and were incorporated into the overall datasets, while addressing any proprietary data requirements. Three examples of collaborative partnerships with industry that have provided geologic characterization data relevant and beneficial to the MRCI program are discussed below, including: the UIC Class II Injection Facility in Eastern Ohio, the Core Energy CO2-EOR (enhanced oil recovery) operation in Otsego County Michigan, and the Marquis ethanol plant in Hennepin Illinois.

CCS,CCUS,MRCI,Midwest USA,Technical Challenges,inj↗

DOE OSTI2025

Solar and Storage Integration in the U.S. Southeast: Implications for Resource Adequacy

Resource adequacy concerns may be very different in electricity systems that have higher levels of solar and storage, requiring changes to existing planning models. This study explores a novel approach to evaluating resource adequacy under future scenarios with higher solar and storage in the Southeast U.S. It uses NREL’s Probabilistic Resource Adequacy Suite (PRAS), a collection of probabilistic resource adequacy modeling tools, and compares results when interacting PRAS and a portfolio planning tool with a more traditional modeling approach. The results suggest that traditional models perform reasonably well with lower levels of solar PV, but at higher levels of solar probabilistic tools better capture the changes in resource adequacy concerns—such as winter energy availability—associated with higher solar systems. This is the final study in the Preparing Southeast Markets for Reliable and Affordable Integration of Solar into Operations and Planning project. Two prior reports can be found at: Solar and Storage Integration in the Southeastern United States: Economics, Reliability, and Operations. https://emp.lbl.gov/publications/solar-and-storage-integration Solar and Wind Forecast Error Reserve Sharing in a Multi-Utility Region. https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/2024-11/multiutility_fe_reserve_sharing_final.pdf

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Production of NBL PO plutonium isotopic standards CRM 136A, CRM 137A, and CRM 138A

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) produced approximately 1 mg units of purified Pu from the parent New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL) certified reference materials (CRM) 137, 136 and 138 isotopic standards for the NBL Program Office (NBL PO) as detailed in the revised project plan. As stated in the plan, three representative units of each material were dispensed at the same time to be characterized at LLNL and provide informational values for the quantity of Pu and progeny nuclides in each unit. NBL PO intends to collect and evaluate isotopic measurement data from multiple laboratories and certify these materials as new isotopic standards C137A, C136A, and C138A, respectively. Soon after production eleven units of each analytical standard were shipped to other analytical laboratories for the certification effort, and 121, 119, and 119 units of C137A, C136A and C138A, respectively were shipped to Mickey Finch at Y12 NBL distribution center in November 2024 (30-gallon drum, TID 003777 PRL 7000005043). Residual purified Pu from the effort is being stored indefinitely in B332 at LLNL. Detailed methods can be found in the production plan, and this report describes and documents aspects of the production effort that are not in or were modified from the original production plan.

and nuclear chemistry↗

DOE OSTI2025

System Advisor Model (SAM) Improvements for Emerging Solar Thermal Applications

The System Advisor Model (SAM) is an open-source tool developed by NREL to simulate the techno-economic performance of technologies like photovoltaics, solar thermal, wind, and geothermal. NREL has recently completed, active, and planned projects to improve the solar thermal models in SAM and its underlying code base to represent emerging component technologies, systems, and applications. This poster describes new capabilities in the SolarPILOT optical modeling tool, supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles, and solar industrial process heat.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2026

National Hydropower Fish Passage Database User's Guide and Methodology

Fish passage facilities are used to mitigate the impacts of hydropower dams on migratory fish in rivers, but information on the location, types, and characteristics of this infrastructure is incomplete at a national scale. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory partnered with federal agency and industry stakeholders to create the first national-scale database of fish passage infrastructure at U.S. hydropower developments. This database contains information of great value to a broad range of stakeholders; it includes fish passage facility engineering characteristics, targeted fish species, operational schedules, and costs. This data resource addresses a large gap in knowledge of the deployment of fish passage technology and is freely available to members of the hydropower community, including federal and state regulators and resource agencies, non-governmental organizations, industry, and other user groups to support project planning and regulatory (re)licensing activities. This database supports the U.S. Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office objective to develop decision support tools and data resources that improve environmental performance and ensure hydropower’s long-term value to the American public.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

EV Stock and Load Forecasting for HECO [Slides]

This presentation covers the work completed for the HECO Forecasting Department for the Electric Vehicle Stock and Load Forecast for Integrated Grid Planning project. This project uses a suite of detailed analytical tools developed by the National Laboratory of the Rockies, including TEMPO and EVI-Pro, to develop future scenarios to 2050 of county-level electric vehicle adoption and associated annual hourly charging load profiles for the state of Hawaii.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Wetlands Delineation Report: Big Eddy-Ostrander Transmission Line

Pacific Northwest National Labs (PNNL) was contracted by BPA to prepare a Wetland Delineation Report to support project planning and compliance with state and federal wetland and waterway removal/fill regulations. This report documents the wetlands and waterways of the U.S./State located along the 66.5 miles of existing transmission line, the access road network, and in areas where hazard trees would be removed.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2025

ORNL National Hydropower Fish Passage Database

Fish passage facilities are used to mitigate impacts of hydropower dams to migratory fish in rivers, but information on the location, types, and characteristics of this infrastructure is incomplete at a national scale. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) partnered with fish passage engineers and hydropower experts from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA NMFS), and the Low Impact Hydropower Institute (LIHI) to create the first national scale database of fish passage infrastructure at US hydropower developments. This database consists of the ORNL_Fish_Passage_Dataset.zip file with 13 individual .csv files that contain information on fish passage facility engineering characteristics, targeted fish species, operational schedule, and costs. which is of great value to a diverse range of stakeholders. This information was collected between December 2023 and July 2025 from project partners, other hydropower stakeholders, online datasets available for download, and a stakeholder questionnaire Information. This data resource addresses a large gap in knowledge of the deployment of fish passage technology and is freely available to members of the hydropower community, including federal and state regulators and resource agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), industry, and other user groups to support project planning and regulatory (re)licensing activities. This database supports the US Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office objective to develop decision support tools and data resources that improve environmental performance and ensure hydropower’s long-term value to the American public.

Matson, Paul [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)↗