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At least 91 records · Page 5

Pion Nucleon Scattering in BCHPT Combined with 1/Nc Expansion

Pion nucleon scattering has played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the low-energy regime of strong interactions. This dissertation presents the development of a new theoretical framework that combines Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory (BChPT) with the 1/Nc Expansion to analyze pion nucleon scattering. The resulting effective Lagrangian incorporates both chiral and spin-flavor symmetries. Scattering amplitudes are calculated up to the one-loop level (NNLO), which includes four tree-level Feynman diagrams and 45 non-zero loop diagrams. The effective Lagrangian is renormalized at the one-loop level. With spin-3/2 baryons naturally included, the framework demonstrates strong convergence at higher energies. The NNLO pion nucleon scattering amplitude shows good agreement with experimental data from the SAID database. This novel approach, BChPT combined with 1/Nc Expansion, demonstrates substantial predictive power at higher energies where other low-energy theories fall short, achieving the goals of this combined framework. The contribution from loop diagrams is essential for achieving good agreement with the data, highlighting the importance of conducting the calculation up to NNLO. Extracted values for physically measurable quantities agree reasonably well with independently extracted values, underscoring the robustness of the theory.

Jayakodige, Dulitha [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (U↗

First Measurement of Sub-GeV $ν_μ$ Charged-Current Coherent Pion Production on Argon in MicroBooNE

We report a measurement of the charged-current coherent pion production cross section on argon using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber exposed to the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab. The measurement uses the MicroBooNE data set corresponding to $1.26 \times 10^{21}$ protons on target with a mean neutrino energy of $0.8$~GeV. The flux-averaged cross section is measured to be $(9.1 \pm 1.2_{\text{stat}} \pm 1.2_\text{syst}) \times 10^{-40}\,\text{cm}^2/\text{Ar}$. This result represents the first measurement of charged-current coherent pion production on argon at sub-GeV neutrino energies. Due to its clean two-body kinematics, where the neutrino interacts coherently with the entire nucleus producing a forward muon and pion with no nuclear breakup, this process provides a useful tool for constraining neutrino flux uncertainties in current and future oscillation experiments such as DUNE.

Abratenko, P. [Tufts U.] (ORCID:0000000169455941)↗

Tomography of pions and kaons in the QCD vacuum: Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions

We evaluate the pion and kaon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions in the instanton liquid model, a model of the QCD vacuum at low resolution. The relevant transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) are factored into a constituent quark distribution times a rapidity dependent soft factor from staple-shaped Wilson lines, for fixed parton longitudinal momentum and transverse separation. The results are evolved to higher rapidities using the Collins-Soper kernel and higher resolution using renormalization group evolution. The comparison to existing extractions of pion TMDs from Drell-Yan data is briefly discussed.

classical solutions in field theory↗

Quark counting, Drell-Yan West, and the pion wave function

The relation between the pion's quark distribution function, 𝑞⁡(𝑥), its light-front wave function, and the elastic charge form factor, 𝐹⁡(Δ 2 ), is explored. The square of the leading-twist pion wave function at a special probe scale, 𝜁 𝐻 , is determined using models and Poincaré covariance from realistic results for 𝑞⁡(𝑥). This wave function is then used to compute form factors with the result that the Drell-Yan-West and quark counting relationships are not satisfied. A new relationship between 𝑞⁡(𝑥) and 𝐹⁡(Δ 2 ) is proposed.

Form factors↗

Pion production in high-energy cosmic-ray collisions.

High energy cosmic ray collisional pion production spectrum and pion energy and angle distributions in CMS and laboratory frames from Landau- Milekhin hydrodynamic model of very high energy nucleon

NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING↗

Pion studies with silicon detectors.

Most probable energy loss in silicon for pions with energies from 365 to 50 mev, examining pion beam behavior through different absorption material thicknesses

MUON↗

The three-pion K -matrix at NLO in ChPT

The three-particle K-matrix, Κ df,3 , is a scheme-dependent quantity that parametrizes short-range three-particle interactions in the relativistic-field-theory three-particle finite-volume formalism. In this work, we compute its value for systems of three pions in all isospin channels through next-to-leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory, generalizing previous work done at maximum isospin. We obtain analytic expressions through quadratic order (or cubic order, in the case of zero isospin) in the expansion about the three-pion threshold.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Implementing the finite-volume three-pion scattering formalism across all non-maximal isospins

We present a numerical exploration of the relativistic-field-theory (RFT) formalism for three pions with all possible values of non-maximal isospin, I πππ = 2, 1 and 0. Using the generic-isospin extension of the RFT formalism [1] and applying our open-source Python library to implement the framework, we predict a range of three-pion energies for illustrative values of the two-to-two scattering amplitudes for various finite-volume irreps also with non-zero total momentum P in the finite-volume frame. The results restrict attention to the case of a vanishing intrinsic three-body interaction so that the spectra can be understood as a baseline. In future lattice QCD calculations, deviations from these values will be translated into evidence for intrinsic three-body effects in the various scattering channels.

hadronic spectroscopy↗

Atmospheric pion, kaon, and muon fluxes for sub-orbital experiments

Cosmic rays interacting with the Earth's atmosphere generate extensive air showers, which produce Cherenkov, fluorescence and radio emissions. These emissions are key signatures for detection by ground-based, sub-orbital, and satellite-based telescopes aiming to study high energy cosmic ray and neutrino events. However, detectors operating at ground and balloon altitudes are also exposed to a background of atmospheric charged particles, primarily pions, kaons, and muons, that can mimic or obscure the signals from astrophysical sources. In this work, we use coupled cascade equations to calculate the atmospheric pion, kaon and muon fluxes reaching detectors at various altitudes. Our analysis focuses on energies above 10 GeV, where the influence of the Earth's magnetic field on particle trajectories is minimal. We provide angular and energy-resolved flux estimates and discuss their relevance as background for extensive air shower detection. Furthermore, our results are potentially relevant for interpreting data from current and future balloon-borne experiments such as EUSO-SPB2 and for refining trigger and veto strategies in Cherenkov and fluorescence telescopes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Probing the scalar WIMP-pion coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10$^{−46}$ cm$^{2}$ at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c$^{2}$ for this interaction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Di-nucleons do not form bound states at heavy pion mass

We perform a high-statistics lattice QCD calculation of the low-energy two-nucleon scattering amplitudes. To address discrepancies in the literature, the calculation is performed at a heavy pion mass in the limit that the light quark masses are equal to the physical strange quark mass, 𝑚 𝜋 = 𝑚 𝐾 ≃ 714 MeV. Using a state-of-the-art momentum space method, we rule out the presence of a bound di-nucleon in both the isospin 0 (deuteron) and 1 (di-neutron) channels, in contrast with many previous results that made use of compact hexaquark creation operators. To diagnose the discrepancy, we add such hexaquark interpolating operators to our basis and find that they do not affect the determination of the two-nucleon finite-volume spectrum, and thus they do not couple to deeply bound di-nucleons that are missed by the momentum-space operators. Furthermore, we perform a high-statistics calculation of the HAL QCD potential on the same gauge ensembles and find qualitative agreement with our main results. We conclude that di-nucleons do not form bound states at heavy pion masses and that previous identification of deeply bound di-nucleons must have arisen from a misidentification of the spectrum from off-diagonal elements of a correlation function.

Physics - Physics of elementary particles and fiel↗

Toward the determination of 𝐶⁢𝑃-odd pion-nucleon couplings

The nucleon matrix elements (NMEs) associated with quark chromomagnetic dipole moments (cMDMs) play a crucial role in determining the 𝐶𝑃-odd pion-nucleon couplings induced by quark chromoelectric dipole moments. In recent years, it has been argued that the NMEs of cMDMs can be related to the third moment of the nucleon's higher-twist (specifically, twist-3) parton distribution function (PDF) 𝑒⁡(𝑥), which can, in principle, be measured through dihadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes. By applying the spin-flavor expansion to the cMDM operators in the large-𝑁 𝑐 limit, where 𝑁 𝑐 is the number of quark colors, we show that the NMEs receive contributions not only from the twist-3 PDF 𝑒⁡(𝑥) but also from an additional, previously neglected nucleon form factor. Incorporating constraints from the spin-flavor expansion, recent experimental data on 𝑒⁡(𝑥), as well as model calculations of 𝑒⁡(𝑥), we estimate the NMEs of the cMDM operators. Our analysis indicates that the NMEs are dominated by the nucleon form factors, and the cMDM contributions to pion-nucleon couplings can be comparable to those from the quark sigma terms.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Probing axionlike particles near the neutral pion mass with KOTO data

We demonstrate that novel limits on prompt axionlike particles (ALPs) in the hard-to-probe mass range near the neutral pion—the so-called pion chimney—may be obtained from recasting 𝐾 𝐿 → 3⁢𝜋 0 → 6⁢𝛾 data taken by the J-PARC KOTO experiment, to search for 𝐾 𝐿 → 2⁢𝜋 0⁢ 𝑎 → 6⁢𝛾. We also explore the power of KOTO 6⁢𝛾 data to probe 𝐾 𝐿 → 2⁢𝜋 0 ⁢𝑎 for a broader range of ALP masses, incorporating displaced decays.

Balkin, Reuven [University of California, Santa Cr↗

First Measurement of the Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Pion Production Cross Section on Carbon with the T2K Near Detector

The T2K Collaboration presents the first measurement of electron neutrino-induced charged-current pion production on a predominantly carbon target in a restricted kinematical phase space. This is performed using data from the 2.5° off-axis near detector, ND280. The differential cross sections with respect to the outgoing electron and pion kinematics, in addition to the total flux-integrated cross section, are obtained. Comparisons between the measured and predicted cross-section results using the neut, genie, and nuwro Monte Carlo event generators are presented. The measured total flux-integrated cross section is [2.52 ± 0.52⁢(stat) ± 0.30⁢(syst)] × 10 −39 cm 2 nucleon −1 , which is lower than the event generator predictions.

Neutrinos↗

Lattice calculation of short-range contributions to neutrinoless double-beta decay 𝜋 − → 𝜋 + ⁢𝑒⁢𝑒 at physical pion mass

Neutrinoless double-beta (0⁢𝜈⁢𝛽⁢𝛽) decays provide an excellent probe for determining whether neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana fermions. The short-range matrix elements associated with the 𝜋 − → 𝜋 + ⁢𝑒⁢𝑒 process contribute at leading order in the 0⁢𝜈⁢𝛽⁢𝛽 decay channel 𝑛⁢𝑛 → 𝑝⁢𝑝⁢𝑒⁢𝑒 through pion exchange between nucleons. However, current lattice calculations show notable discrepancies in predicting these short-range contributions. To address this issue, we perform a lattice QCD calculation of the 𝜋 − → 𝜋 + ⁢𝑒⁢𝑒 matrix elements using domain wall fermion ensembles at the physical pion mass generated by the RBC/UKQCD Collaboration. To mitigate contamination from around-the-world effects, we develop a new method to reconstruct and subtract them directly from lattice data. We then perform nonperturbative renormalization in the regularization-independent symmetric momentum-subtraction scheme (RI/SMOM), using the (𝛾 𝜇 , 𝛾 𝜇 ) and ($\not{𝑞}$, $\not{𝑞}$) projectors. Compared with previous studies, this work reduces the uncertainties in the matrix elements and provides an independent cross-check that helps to reconcile the discrepancies among previous lattice calculations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Extracting transition generalized parton distributions from hard exclusive pion-nucleon scattering

We study the extraction of transition generalized parton distributions (GPDs) from production of two back-to-back high transverse momentum photons ( γ γ ) and a massive pair of leptons ( ℓ + ℓ − ) in hard exclusive pion-nucleon scattering. We argue that the exclusive scattering amplitude of both processes could be factorized into nonperturbative pion distribution amplitude and nucleon transition GPDs that are convoluted with perturbatively calculable short-distance matching coefficients. We demonstrate that the exclusive diphoton production not only is complementary to the Drell-Yan-type dilepton production for extracting the GPDs but also provides enhanced sensitivities for extracting the parton momentum fraction x dependence of the GPDs. We show that both exclusive observables are physically measurable at the J-PARC and AMBER experiment energies. If the target nucleon can be polarized, corresponding spin asymmetries can offer additional sensitivities for extracting transition GPDs. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Consistency of the pion form factor and unpolarized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions beyond leading twist in the light-front quark model

We investigate the interplay among the pion’s form factor, transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs), and parton distribution functions (PDFs) extending our light-front quark model (LFQM) computation based on the Bakamjian-Thomas construction for the two-point function [1,2] to the three-point and four-point functions. Ensuring the four-momentum conservation at the meson-quark vertex from the Bakamjian-Thomas construction, the meson mass is taken consistently as the corresponding invariant meson mass both in the matrix element and the Lorentz factor in our LFQM computation. We achieve the current-component independence in the physical observables such as the pion form factor and delve into the derivation of unpolarized TMDs and PDFs associated with the forward matrix element. We address the challenges posed by twist-4 TMDs and exhibit the fulfillment of the sum rule. Effectively, our LFQM successfully handles the light-front zero modes and offers insights for broader three-point and four-point functions and related observables.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗