Stochastic modelling of remotely manned systems
Digital simulation models of remotely manned vehicles are discussed and recommendations for statistical validation of all the models are considered.
Ancker, C. J., Jr.↗
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The Role of Combination Techniques in Maximizing the Utility of Precipitation Estimates from Several Multi-Purpose Remote-Sensing Systems
Multi-purpose remote-sensing products from various satellites have proved crucial in developing global estimates of precipitation. Examples of these products include low-earth-orbit and geosynchronous-orbit infrared (leo- and geo-IR), Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Television Infrared Operational Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) data, and passive microwave data such as that from the Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I). Each of these datasets has served as the basis for at least one useful quasi-global precipitation estimation algorithm; however, the quality of estimates varies tremendously among the algorithms for the different climatic regions around the globe.
Huffman, George J.↗
Light sources for remote sensing systems
Arc, incandescent, and electric discharge light sources for remote sensing systems
SENSOR↗
Data processing 2: Advancements in large scale data processing systems for remote sensing
The development of large scale data processing systems for remote sensing is studied by evaluating: (1) the suitability of several sensor types with regard to producing data required for multispectral machine analysis; (2) various types of data preprocessing necessary to prepare such data for analysis; and (3) transfer of machine processing techniques for earth resources data to user community.
Landgrebe, D. A.↗
Forest resource information system
Remote sensing technology providing St. Regis with an independent operational system and having LANDSAT data as a significant and viable contributor was documented and transferred. Primary emphasis was placed on documenting developmental LARSYS (LARSYSDV) software modules. Timelines and a short description of the software documentation process is given.
Mroczynski, R. P.↗
Analysis of remote operating systems for space-based servicing operations. Volume 2: Study results
The developments in automation and robotics have increased the importance of applications for space based servicing using remotely operated systems. A study on three basic remote operating systems (teleoperation, telepresence and robotics) was performed in two phases. In phase one, requirements development, which consisted of one three-month task, a group of ten missions were selected. These included the servicing of user equipment on the station and the servicing of the station itself. In phase two, concepts development, which consisted of three tasks, overall system concepts were developed for the selected missions. These concepts, which include worksite servicing equipment, a carrier system, and payload handling equipment, were evaluated relative to the configurations of the overall worksite. It is found that the robotic/teleoperator concepts are appropriate for relatively simple structured tasks, while the telepresence/teleoperator concepts are applicable for missions that are complex, unstructured tasks.
Source record↗
Earth Observations Division version of the Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing System (EOD-LARSYS) user guide for the IBM 370/148. Volume 2: User reference manual
This document presents instructions for analysts who use the EOD-LARSYS as programmed on the Purdue University IBM 370/148 (recently replaced by the IBM 3031) computer. It presents sample applications, control cards, and error messages for all processors in the system and gives detailed descriptions of the mathematical procedures and information needed to execute the system and obtain the desired output. EOD-LARSYS is the JSC version of an integrated batch system for analysis of multispectral scanner imagery data. The data included is designed for use with the as built documentation (volume 3) and the program listings (volume 4). The system is operational from remote terminals at Johnson Space Center under the virtual machine/conversational monitor system environment.
Aucoin, P. J.↗
Design criteria for a PC-based common user interface to remote information systems
A set of design criteria are presented which will allow the implementation of an interface to multiple remote information systems on a microcomputer. The focus of the design description is on providing the user with the functionality required to retrieve, store and manipulate data residing in remote information systems through the utilization of a standardized interface system. The intent is to spare the user from learning the details of retrieval from specific systems while retaining the full capabilities of each system. The system design includes multi-level capabilities to enhance usability by a wide range of users and utilizes microcomputer graphics capabilities where applicable. A data collection subsystem for evaluation purposes is also described.
Dominick, Wayne D.↗
An overview of underwater remotely manned Systems and sub-systems
A current overview of how the underwater facet of remotely manned systems has progressed since 1972 is presented. The current approaches being pursued and the success of American and foreign technology is assessed.
Rechnitzer, A., B.↗
Solar maximum mission panel jettison analysis remote manipulator system
A study is presented of the development of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) configurations for jettison of the solar panels on the Solar Maximum Mission/Multimission Satellite. A valid RMS maneuver between jettison configurations was developed. Arm and longeron loads and effector excursions due to the solar panel jettison were determined to see if they were within acceptable limits. These loads and end effector excursions were analyzed under two RMS modes, servos active in position hold submode, and in the brakes on mode.
Bauer, R. B.↗
An overview of the space remote manipulator system
An overview of the system requirements and performance of the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) is given. Data on some of the mechanical design considerations that were necessary during the development program are presented. The operational success of both the Orbiter and the SRMS during flights of Space Transportation System-2, -3, and -4 is ample evidence that the SRMS performed as expected and as desired. While some minor improvements were made in the follow-on production systems, one of which was delivered and two of which are currently under construction, the system design did not change significantly. Thus, information given is applicable to all the manipulator systems.
Ussher, T. H.↗
Orbital servicing and remotely manned systems
The potential of the concepts and techniques of remotely manned aerospace systems to fully exploit the utility and benefits of orbital servicing is discussed. Orbital servicing has been shown to benefit the Space Transportation System by helping to satisfy spacecraft program objectives of long operating times on-orbit while reducing program costs. The wide range of servicer mechanisms postulated in the literature is reduced to two concepts which are used to generate a set of control system requirements. Three control mode alternatives - automatic, supervisory control, and remotely manned control - are introduced, defined, evaluated and each found wanting in certain areas. A combination of supervisory and remotely manned control is shown to overcome most problems.
Smith, G. W.↗
Application of identification techniques to remote manipulator system flight data
This paper addresses the application of identification techniques to flight data from the Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS). A description of the remote manipulator, including structural and control system characteristics, sensors, and actuators is given. A brief overview of system identification procedures is presented, and the practical aspects of implementing system identification algorithms are discussed. In particular, the problems posed by desampling rate, numerical error, and system nonlinearities are considered. Simulation predictions of damping, frequency, and system order are compared with values identified from flight data to support an evaluation of RMS structural and control system models. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the application of identification techniques to flight data obtained from a flexible space structure.
Shepard, G. D.↗
Orbital servicing, and remotely manned systems
The potential of concepts and techniques of remotely manned aerospace systems to fully exploit the utility and benefits of orbital servicing is discussed. Orbital servicing in the form of module exchange enhances the STS goals through replacement of failed equipment, resupply of consumables, and updating of obsolete equipment.
Smith, G. W.↗
Remote manipulator system flexibility analysis program: Mission planning, mission analysis, and software formulation
A computer program is described for calculating the flexibility coefficients as arm design changes are made for the remote manipulator system. The coefficients obtained are required as input for a second program which reduces the number of payload deployment and retrieval system simulation runs required to simulate the various remote manipulator system maneuvers. The second program calculates end effector flexibility and joint flexibility terms for the torque model of each joint for any arbitrary configurations. The listing of both programs is included in the appendix.
Kumar, L.↗
Video Alignment System For Remote Manipulator
Crosshairs and mirror provide angular references. Video system enables operator to align remote manipulator with objects grasped. System does not rely on aligning protuberances on objects. Possible to eliminate protuberances and mechanical interferences caused. Display on television monitor reveals orientation of television camera with respect to crosshairs on mirror on object with which camera aligned.
Monford, Leo G.↗
A system for remote measurements of the wind stress over the ocean
The DISSTRESS system for remote measurements of the surface wind stress over the ocean from ships and buoys is described. It is fully digital, utilizing the inertial dissipation technique. Parallel processing allows anemometer data to be filtered in natural frequency space; that is, the filter cutoffs shift linearly with the mean wind speed of the data to be filtered. The construction of the digital Butterworth bandpass filters is presented in detail. The performance of the system is evaluated by analyzing the results from 28 days of operation during the Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment. The mean wind speed is checked, the anemometer response function is established, and drag coefficients are compared to previous studies. The capability of the system is demonstrated by continuous time series of the friction velocity computed every 20 min. The conclusion is that the surface wind stress can be measured more reliably and accurately (20 percent) with this system than from anemometer wind speeds and a bulk formula.
Large, William G.↗
Berthing of Space Station Freedom using the shuttle remote manipulator system
A large-angle, flexible, multi-body, dynamic modeling capability was developed to help validate analytical simulations of the dynamic motion and control forces which occur while berthing of Space Station Freedom to the Shuttle Orbiter during early assembly flights. The dynamics and control of the station, the attached Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, and the Orbiter during a berthing maneuver are described. Emphasis is placed on the modeling of the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System in the multi-body simulation. The influence of the elastic behavior of the station and of the Remote Manipulator System on the attitude control of the station/Orbiter system during the maneuver is investigated.
Cooper, Paul↗