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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Imaging of the hip joint. Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging

The authors reviewed the applications and limitations of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of the most common hip disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive technique in detecting osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Magnetic resonance reflects the histologic changes associated with osteonecrosis very well, which may ultimately help to improve staging. Computed tomography can more accurately identify subchondral fractures than MR imaging and thus remains important for staging. In congenital dysplasia of the hip, the position of the nonossified femoral head in children less than six months of age can only be inferred by indirect signs on CT. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates the cartilaginous femoral head directly without ionizing radiation. Computed tomography remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluating fractures of the hip joint. In some patients, MR imaging demonstrates the fracture even when it is not apparent on radiography. In neoplasm, CT provides better assessment of calcification, ossification, and periosteal reaction than MR imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging, however, represents the most accurate imaging modality for evaluating intramedullary and soft-tissue extent of the tumor and identifying involvement of neurovascular bundles. Magnetic resonance imaging can also be used to monitor response to chemotherapy. In osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis of the hip, both CT and MR provide more detailed assessment of the severity of disease than conventional radiography because of their tomographic nature. Magnetic resonance imaging is unique in evaluating cartilage degeneration and loss, and in demonstrating soft-tissue alterations such as inflammatory synovial proliferation.

Review↗
NASA NTRS1982

Compact Ion Source for Mass Spectrometers

Cyclotron-resonance device uses miniature components and permanent magnet for small size, low weight, and low cost. Gas molecules are ionized by electrons from hot filament. Magnetic field, acting with electrostatic drift field, causes ions to move in circles with a superimposed drift perpendicular to both fields, toward the exit. Compact source can be used for studying ion-molecule reactions by ion cyclotron-resonance methods in conventional mass spectrometer with either magnetic sector or quadrupole sector.

Anicich, V. G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence study of the formation of O/1D/ in the photolysis of water and the reaction of O/1D/ with H2, Ar, and He

The technique employed in the study utilizes the vacuum ultraviolet flash photolysis of H2O combined with time resolved, simultaneous detection of H and O via resonance fluorescence at 121.6 and 130.2 nm respectively. The measurements were made by means of photon counting and multichannel scaling. The sensitivity of the system for H and O is discussed. Experiments are reported in which signals due to H and O were accumulated from the flash photolysis of a mixture of 0.1 torr H2O and 100 torr Ar. Attention is given to the relative importance of two primary processes in the photolysis of water.

Stief, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Absolute rate parameters for the reaction of ground state atomic oxygen with carbonyl sulfide

The rate parameters for the reaction of O(3P) with carbonyl sulfide, O(3P) + OCS yields CO + SO, have been determined directly by monitoring O(3P) using the flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence technique. The value for reaction rate was measured over a temperature range of 263-502 K and the data were fitted to an Arrhenius expression with good linearity. A comparison of the present results with those from previous studies of this reaction is also presented.

Klemm, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A laser flash photolysis kinetics study of the reaction OH + H2O2 yields HO2 + H2O

Absolute rate constants for the reaction are reported as a function of temperature over the range 273-410 K. OH radicals are produced by 266 nm laser photolysis of H2O2 and detected by resonance fluorescence. H2O2 concentrations are determined in situ in the slow flow system by UV photometry. The results confirm the findings of two recent discharge flow-resonance fluorescence studies that the title reaction is considerably faster, particularly at temperatures below 300 K, than all earlier studies had indicated. A table giving kinetic data from the reaction is included.

Wine, P. H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

ESR Analysis of Polymer Photo-Oxidation

Electron-spin resonance identifies polymer-degradation reactions and their kinetics. New technique enables derivation of kinetic model of specific chemical reactions involved in degradation of particular polymer. Detailed information provided by new method enables prediction of aging characteristics long before manifestation of macroscopic mechanical properties.

Kim, Soon Sam↗
NASA NTRS1997

Kinetics of the Reaction of O((sup 3)P) with CF3NO

A laser flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence technique has been employed to study the kinetics of the reaction of O((sup 3)P) with CF3NO (k(2)) as a function of temperature. Our results are described by the Arrhenius expression k(2)(T) = (4.54 +/- 0.70) x 10(exp -l2)exp[(-560 +/- 46)/T] cu cm/molecule.s (243 K is less than or equal to T is less than or equal to 424 K); errors are 2 sigma and represent precision only. The O((sup 3)P) + CF3NO reaction is sufficiently rapid that CF3NO cannot be employed as a selective quencher for O2(alpha(1) Delta-g) in laboratory systems where O((sup 3)P) and O2(alpha 1 Delta g) coexist, and where O((sup 3)P) kinetics are being investigated.

Thorn, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence study of the formation of O(D-1) in the photolysis of water and reaction of O(D-1) with H2, Ar and He

The relative importance of two primary processes in the photolyis of water: (1) H2O + h (nu) yields H + OH, and (2) H2O + h (nu) yields H2 + OD-1 were determined in a direct manner by time resolved detection (via resonance fluorescence) of H and O formed in processes 1 and 2 respectively. The initially formed OD-1 was deactivated to ground state OP-3 prior to detection via resonance fluorescence. The relative quantum yields for processes 1 and 2 are 0.89 and 0.11 for the wavelength interval 105 to 145nm and = to or greater than 0.99, and = to or less than 0.01 for the wavelength interval 145 to 185nm. Rate constants at 300 K for the reactions OD-1 + H2, + Ar, and + He are presented.

Stief, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Kinetics of the reaction of OH with HCl

Measurements results are presented for the rate constant of the reaction OH + HCl yields H2O + Cl determined in a flow tube over the temperature range of 224 to 460 K using resonance fluorescence detection of OH. Stratospheric and reaction kinetic implications are briefly discussed.

Zahniser, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Laser Flash Photolysis Studies of Radical-Radical Reaction Kinetics: The O((sup 3)P(sub J)) + BrO Reaction

A novel dual laser flash photolysis-long path absorption-resonance fluorescence technique has been employed to study the kinetics of the important stratospheric reaction 0((sup 3)P(sub j)) + Br yields(k1) BrO((sup 2)P(sub J)) + O2 as a function of temperature (231-328 K) and pressure (25-150 Torr) in N2 buffer gas. The experimental approach preserves the principal advantages of the flash photolysis method, i.e., complete absence of surface reactions and a wide range of accessible pressures, but also employs techniques which are characteristic of the discharge flow method, namely chemical titration as a means for deducing the absolute concentration of a radical reactant and use of multiple detection axes. We find that k1 is independent of pressure, and that the temperature dependence of k1 is adequately described by the Arrhenius expression k1(T) = 1.91 x 10(exp -11)(230/J) cu cm/ molecule.s; the absolute accuracy of measured values for k1 is estimated to vary from +/- 20 percent at at T approximately 230 K to +/- 30 percent at T approximately 330 K. Our results demonstrate that the O((sup 3)P(sub j)) + BrO rate coefficient is significantly faster than previously 'guesstimated,' and suggest that the catalytic cycle with the O((sup 3)P(sub j)) + BrO reaction as its rate-limiting step is the dominant stratospheric BrO(x), odd-oxygen destruction cycle at altitudes above 24 km.

Thorn, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Calculation of resonant effects in electron-impact excitation of positive ions Application to oxygen VII

The general reaction theory of Feshbach is applied to the calculation of resonant effects in near-threshold electron-positive-ion excitation. The theory divides configuration space into open- and closed-channel parts, resonance effects being described by the closed-channel part. The open-channel part is handled in a distorted-wave approximation to the set of open-channel coupled equations. Various methods are suggested for handling the closed-channel part. However, an 'attached-excited-target approximation' is used explicitly, which is further approximated by a set of uncoupled closed-channel equations. As an example, the 1 1S-2 1P excitation cross section of O VII below the 3 3S threshold is calculated. Various distorted-wave approximations are investigated and results from most of them are quite similar. Resonant effects arising from the attachment of the colliding electron with the 3 3S state are found to be small, but other close-lying n = 3 states have not yet been included.

Pindzola, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The reaction N/4S/ + O3 - An upper limit for the rate constant at 298 K

The reaction of N(4S) atoms with ozone was examined at 298 K using discharge flow and flash photolysis techniques, both coupled with resonance fluorescence detection of N(4S). No reaction was detected in either system, and an upper limit of 5 x 10 to the -16th cu cm/molecule/s was estimated for the rate constant. This is 1000 times lower than the presently accepted value of 5.7 x 10 to the -13th cu cm/molecule/s which is based on a discharge flow-mass spectrometric study of the reaction. Potential complications in the latter experiment are discussed.

Stief, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl and carbonyl sulfide over the temperature range 300-517 K

By use of a discharge-flow resonance-fluorescence method the rate constant for the title reaction has been measured at five temperatures in the range 300-520 K. The Arrhenius expression is k(OH + OCS) = (1.3 + or - 0.3) x 10 to the -12th exp/-(2300 + or - 100)/T/ cu cm/s. Mass spectrometry has been used to detect the product HS and to collect some information about its reactivity. This study has carefully avoided the pitfalls associated with possible photolysis of reactants and complications due to H2S impurity in carbonyl sulfide that may have marred previous studies. This study has confirmed that the rate constant for this reaction is so much lower than the value originally used in computer modeling of the upper and lower atmosphere that conclusions about the relative importance of photolysis of OCS and of the reaction OH + OCS in the stratosphere must now be reassessed. The reaction OH + OCS has little significance for atmospheric chemistry.

Leu, M.-T.↗
NASA NTRS1993

The reaction of atomic hydrogen with germane - Temperature dependence of the rate constant and implications for germane photochemistry in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn

Studies of the formation and loss processes for GeH4 are required in order to provide data to help determine the major chemical form in which germanium exists in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. The reaction of hydrogen atoms with germane is one of the most important of these reactions. The absolute rate constant for this reaction as a function of temperature and pressure is studied. Flash photolysis of dilute mixtures of GeH4 in argon, combined with time-resolved detection of H atoms via Lyman alpha resonance fluorescence, is employed to measure the reaction rate. The reaction is shown to be moderately rapid, independent of total pressure, but possessing a positive temperature dependence.

Nava, David F.↗