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Large-scale waves in the thermosphere observed by the AE-C satellite

Wavelike perturbations in the ionosphere are known as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID's). For the detection of wavelike perturbations in neutral density, velocity, and temperature, it is necessary to employ satellite-borne experiments. Experiments conducted with the aid of satellites so far provide little evidence that wavelike perturbations in the neutrals and the ions are correlated. The present investigation is concerned with a detailed examination of the wavelike perturbations observed during a representative Atmosphere Explorer C satellite orbit. Details regarding the analyzed data are discussed along with the employed data processing procedures. Attention is given to coherent relationships between the ion variations and the neutral variations over a wide range of scale sizes and over global distances.

Gross, S. H.↗

Long period perturbations of earth satellite orbits

All the equations involved in extending the PS phi solution to include the long periodic and second order secular effects of the zonal harmonics are presented. Topics covered include DSphi elements and relations for their conconical transformation into the PS phi elements; the solution algorithm based on the Von Zeipel method; and the elimination of long periodic terms and analytical integration of primed variables. The equations were entered into the ASOP program, checked out, and verified. Comparisons with numerical integrations show the long period theory to be accurate within several meters after 800 revolutions.

Wang, K. C.↗

Effects of motion of the equatorial plane on the orbital elements of an earth satellite.

Exact differential equations relating the perturbations to satellite orbital elements by the motion of the earth's equatorial plane are derived, and they are solved to second order in precession. The system proposed in a previous paper (Kozai, 1960), in which the inclination and the argument of perigee are referred to the equator of date and the longitude of the ascending node is measured from a fixed point along a fixed plane and then along the equator of date, can still be recommended for precise studies of satellite motion even when the second-order perturbations are taken into account.

Kozai, Y.↗

Perturbations of non-resonant satellite orbits due to a rotating earth

The dominant perturbations of the motion of a satellite near the earth are due to atmospheric drag and the non-symmetrical gravitational field. Atmospheric drag perturbation continually pulls the satellite in and out of the different long period resonant frequencies. The result is that the resonances never become apparent and may be neglected. The tesseral harmonics have no true secular perturbation but the periodicities in the mean motion induce a secular perturbation in the mean anomaly. This secular perturbation may be determined by simply using the average mean motion instead of the osculating mean motion. The Von Ziepel method is used to determine tesseral perturbations. The solution is found first in the singular DS phi elements and then rewritten in the PS phi elements to remove singularities. The notation used in the development is described in the appendix.

Mueller, A.↗