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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2026

Web-accessible sorption database (Interim Progress Report)

This progress report (Level 4 Milestone Number M4SF-26LL010204053) summarizes research conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) within the Crystalline Host Rock Properties & Processes - LLNL Number SF-26LL01020405. This research is focused on the development of a web-accessible database of sorption data for minerals and rocks (bentonite backfill and crystalline host rock) that are likely to be present in a US hosted repository, including elevated temperature data that are expected in a DPC DGR scenario.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1970

Sorption vacuum trap

Modified sorption trap for use in high vacuum systems contains provisions for online regeneration of sorbent material. Trap is so constructed that it has a number of encapsulated resistance heaters and a valving and pumping device for removing gases from heated sorbing material. Excessive downtime is eliminated with this trap.

Barrington, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Sorption vacuum trap Patent

Describing sorption vacuum trap having housing with group of reentrant wall portions projecting into internal gas-pervious container filled with gas and vapor sorbent material

Barrington, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Laboratory simulation of meteoritic noble gases. I - Sorption of xenon on carbon: Trapping experiments

The sorption of Xe-127 at 5 x 10 to the -7th atm onto carbon black, pyrolyzed polyvinylidene chloride, and pyrolyzed acridine at 100-1000 C for 5 min-240 h is measured experimentally by gamma spectrometry. The results are presented in tables and graphs and characterized in detail. The tightly bound Xe remaining in the samples after 4000 min pumping at temperatures above 100 C is found to comprise two components: a low-temperature component attributed to physisorption within an atomic-scale labyrinth of micropores, and a high-temperature component due to volume diffusion. The implications for the trapping of noble gases near grain surfaces of amorphous carbon in meteorites are considered.

Wacker, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1985

An internal variable assisted formulation of moisture sorption models for polymers and composites

The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that constitutive equations for moisture sorption and swelling can be obtained with an internal variable method which is rooted in the theory of irreversible thermodynamics. Realism is injected into the model through the concept of free volume. The power of the method is illustrated by the solution of the formidable nonlinear boundary value problem for diffusion with swelling-stress dependent diffusivity.

Hiel, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Sorption compressor/mechanical expander hybrid refrigeration

Experience with Deep Space Network (DSN) ground-based cryogenic refrigerators has proved the reliability of the basic two-stage Gifford-McMahon helium refrigerator. A very long life cryogenic refrigeration system appears possible by combining this expansion system or a turbo expansion system with a hydride sorption compressor in place of the usual motor driven piston compressor. To test the feasibility of this system, a commercial Gifford-McMahon refrigerator was tested using hydrogen gas as the working fluid. Although no attempt was made to optimize the system for hydrogen operation, the refrigerator developed 1.3 W at 30 K and 6.6 W at 60 K. The results of the test and of theoretical performances of the hybrid compressor coupled to these expansion systems are presented.

Jones, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Carbon Sorption Cryogenic Regenerator

Liquid-helium refrigerator includes regenerator filled with carbon sorbent made from Saran polyvinylidene chloride. Material results in lower operating temperatures and longer times between maintenance than comparable refrigerators containing other regenerators. Sorbent material machined to various configurations to fit inside cylindrical regenerator can. Configuration chosen with regard to heat capacity, pressure drop, and rate of sorption.

Jones, Jack A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Integrated Heat Switch/Oxide Sorption Compressor

Thermally-driven, nonmechanical compressor uses container filled with compressed praseodymium cerium oxide powder (PrCeOx) to provide high-pressure flow of oxygen gas for driving closed-cycle Joule-Thomson-expansion refrigeration unit. Integrated heat switch/oxide sorption compressor has no moving parts except check valves, which control flow of oxygen gas between compressor and closed-cycle Joule-Thomson refrigeration system. Oxygen expelled from sorbent at high pressure by evacuating heat-switch gap and turning on heater.

Bard, Steven↗
NASA NTRS1989

Two stage sorption type cryogenic refrigerator including heat regeneration system

A lower stage chemisorption refrigeration system physically and functionally coupled to an upper stage physical adsorption refrigeration system is disclosed. Waste heat generated by the lower stage cycle is regenerated to fuel the upper stage cycle thereby greatly improving the energy efficiency of a two-stage sorption refrigerator. The two stages are joined by disposing a first pressurization chamber providing a high pressure flow of a first refrigerant for the lower stage refrigeration cycle within a second pressurization chamber providing a high pressure flow of a second refrigerant for the upper stage refrigeration cycle. The first pressurization chamber is separated from the second pressurization chamber by a gas-gap thermal switch which at times is filled with a thermoconductive fluid to allow conduction of heat from the first pressurization chamber to the second pressurization chamber.

Jones, Jack A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Laboratory simulation of meteoritic noble gases. III - Sorption of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon on carbon - Elemental fractionation

The sorption of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe was studied in carbon black, acridine carbon, and diamond in an attempt to understand the origin of trapped noble gases in meteorites. The results support a model in which gases are physically adsorbed on interior surfaces formed by a pore labyrinth within amorphous carbons. The data show that: (1) the adsorption/desorption times are controlled by choke points that restrict the movement of noble gas atoms within the pore labyrinth, and (2) the physical adsorption controls the temperature behavior and elemental fractionation patterns.

Wacker, John F.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Sorption Compressor With Rotary Regenerator

Proposed two-stage sorption compressor for cryogenic system features rotary regenerator. At each stage, rotor interacts with stator to provide quadruple regeneration. Contains no valves, and only moving part is rotor, which turns very slowly. Features include less required power and greater reliability.

Jones, Jack A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Sorption J-T refrigeration utilizing manganese nitride chemisorption

The equilibrium pressures and compositions have been measured for a system of finely powdered manganese nitride and nitrogen gas at 650, 700, 800, and 850 C for various nitrogen loadings. Pressures ranged from less than 0.02 MPa at 650 C to 6.38 MPa at 850 C. Analysis of the test results has shown that under certain conditions Mn(x)N(y) could potentially be used in a triple regenerative sorption compressor refrigeration system, but the potential power savings are small compared to the increased complexity and reliability problems associated with very high temperature (above 950 C) pressurized systems.

Jones, Jack↗
NASA NTRS1993

Microporous Carbon Disks For Sorption Refrigerators

Slow, carefully controlled pyrolysis found to turn polyvinylidene chloride disks into carbon disks having small pores and large surface areas. Disks exhibit high adsorptivities making them useful in krypton-sorption refrigerators. Carbons made from polyvinylidene chloride have greater adsorptive capacities. Thermal instability controlled and variability of product reduced by careful control of rates of heating, heating times, and rate of final cooling.

Munukutla, Lakshmi V.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Three-stage sorption type cryogenic refrigeration systems and methods employing heat regeneration

A three-stage sorption type cryogenic refrigeration system, each stage containing a fluid having a respectively different boiling point, is presented. Each stage includes a compressor in which a respective fluid is heated to be placed in a high pressure gaseous state. The compressor for that fluid which is heated to the highest temperature is enclosed by the other two compressors to permit heat to be transferred from the inner compressor to the surrounding compressors. The system may include two sets of compressors, each having the structure described above, with the interior compressors of the two sets coupled together to permit selective heat transfer therebetween, resulting in more efficient utilization of input power.

Bard, Steven↗
NASA NTRS1992

Use of sorption technology for treatment of humidity condensate for potable water

This research focused on the testing of the original potable water processor aboard Space Station Freedom that was to produce potable water from the humidity condensate and additional water generated by carbon dioxide reduction. Humidity condensate was simulated by an influent water model 'Ersatz'. The humidity condensate was treated with multifiltration (MF) beds that consisted of a train of sorption beds (referred to as 'Unibed') designed to remove specific contaminants. For the complete simulated MF system runs tested for 100 bed volumes (BV) (volume processed/total column volume), 0.6 percent of the TOC was removed by the SAC/IRN 77 (Strong Acid Cation exchange resin), 39.6 percent of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed by the WBA/IRA 68 (Weak Base Anion exchange resin), 13.2 percent of the TOC was removed by activated carbon adsorption (580-26), and the remaining sorbent media acted as polishing units to remove an additional 1.6 percent of the TOC at steady state. At steady state, 45 percent of the influent TOC passed through the MF bed.

Ajjarapu, Sundara R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Thermal systems design and analysis for a 10 K Sorption Cryocooler flight experiment

The design, analysis and predicted performance of the Brilliant Eyes Ten-Kelvin Sorption Cryocooler Experiment (BETSCE) is described from a thermal perspective. BETSCE is a shuttle side-wall mounted cryogenic technology demonstration experiment planned for launch in November 1994. BETSCE uses a significant amount of power (about 500 W peak) and the resultant heat must be rejected passively with radiators, as BETSCE has no access to the active cooling capability of the shuttle. It was a major challenge to design and configure the individual hardware assemblies, with their relatively large radiators, to enable them to reject their heat while satisfying numerous severe shuttle-imposed constraints. This paper is a useful case study of a small shuttle payload that needs to reject relatively high heat loads passively in a highly constrained thermal environment. The design approach described is consistent with today's era of 'faster, better, cheaper' small-scale space missions.

Bhandari, Pradeep↗
NASA NTRS1995

Better Gas-Gap Thermal Switches For Sorption Compressors

Gas-gap thermal switches associated with sorption compressors of some heat pumps and cryogenic systems designed for higher performance, according to proposal, by introducing controlled turbulent flows into gas gaps. Utilizes convection in turbulent flow to transfer heat at greater rate. Design takes advantage of flow of working fluid. Working fluid also serve as heat transfer medium in gas gap.

Bhandari, Pradeep↗