Analysis of a graphite foam–NaCl latent heat storage system for supercritical CO 2 power cycles for concentrated solar power
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Concentrated solar power↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “Storage Systems”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A Case for Optimistic Coordination in HPC Storage Systems
High-performance computing (HPC) storage systems rely on access coordination to ensure that concurrent updates do not produce incoherent results. HPC storage systems typically employ pessimistic distributed locking to provide this functionality in cases where applications cannot perform their own coordination. This approach, however, introduces significant performance overhead and complicates fault handling. In this work we evaluate the viability of optimistic conditional storage operations as an alternative to distributed locking in HPC storage systems. We investigate design strategies and compare the two approaches in a prototype object storage system using a parallel read/modify/write benchmark. Our prototype illustrates that conditional operations can be easily integrated into distributed object storage systems and can outperform standard coordination primitives for simple update workloads. Our experiments show that conditional updates can achieve over two orders of magnitude higher performance than pessimistic locking for some parallel read/modify/write workloads.
Carns, Philip↗
Electrochemical energy storage systems
Electrochemical energy storage systems are crucial components for the realization of a carbon-neutral/carbon-negative energy sector globally. Industrial applications require energy storage technologies that cater to a wide range of specifications in terms of form factor, gravimetric and volumetric energy density, charging rates, and safety, among others. The key electrochemical technologies for industrial applications are supercapacitors and batteries. Supercapacitors are high-power devices while batteries typically cater to high energy density requirements. This chapter provides an in-depth understanding of these technologies in terms of materials, processing, working principle, and architecture. Subsequently, state-of-the-art of these technologies is discussed with an emphasis on materials, manufacturing, and end-use systems. Finally, emerging technologies in the electrochemical energy storage field are highlighted.
Dixit, Marm↗
Profiling the Usage of an Extreme-Scale Archival Storage System
Profiling the archival storage system in scientific computing environments has received much less attention compared to the parallel file system, but is equally important since it stores the final data products safely, for a long duration. In this paper, we analyze eight years worth of data transfer logs for accessing the archival file system (HPSS) in the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), which has been hosting the world's largest supercomputers and file systems. Our analysis encompasses about 135 million data transfer activities to the 80 PB High Performance Storage System (HPSS), between 2010 and 2017. We analyze the logs from several dimensions, including studying the workload characteristics (e.g., access patterns, frequency of accesses and temporal behavior), file system characteristics (e.g., directory depth, file system scaling trends, file types), and scientific user behavior (e.g., domain-specific usage and organization). Based on the analysis, we derive insights into the future evolution of the archive in terms of provisioning, desired features and functionality from the archive software, role and right sizing of the archive tiers, quota management, and the importance of smart and efficient metadata and storage management. We believe our study will prove useful for both operating current archival storage and better provisioning future systems.
Sim, Hyogi↗
A Report on Simulation-Driven Reliability and Failure Analysis of Large-Scale Storage Systems
High-performance computing (HPC) storage systems provide data availability and reliability using various hardware and software fault tolerance techniques. Usually, reliability and availability are calculated at the subsystem or component level using limited metrics such as, mean time to failure (MTTF) or mean time to data loss (MTTDL). This often means settling on simple and disconnected failure models (such as exponential failure rate) to achieve tractable and close-formed solutions. However, such models have been shown to be insufficient in assessing end-to-end storage system reliability and availability. We propose a generic simulation framework aimed at analyzing the reliability and availability of storage systems at scale, and investigating what-if scenarios. The framework is designed for an end-to-end storage system, accommodating the various components and subsystems, their interconnections, failure patterns and propagation, and performs dependency analysis to capture a wide-range of failure cases. We evaluate the framework against a large-scale storage system that is in production and analyze its failure projections toward and beyond the end of lifecycle. We also examine the potential operational impact by studying how different types of components affect the overall system reliability and availability, and present the preliminary results
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Medium-Duty Delivery Truck Integrated Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System With Grid and Stationary Energy Storage System Connectivity
Electric vehicles (EVs) can provide power to the grid or buildings similar to distributed energy resources (DER) for energy balancing applications or optimizing the operation of the microgrids in harmony with the other DER assets. This article presents the operating modes of a bidirectional wireless power transfer (WPT) system designed for a medium-duty package delivery vehicle. The WPT system designed for this study can transfer 20 kW of power across 11 in of air gap using custom-designed double-D (DD) couplers with LCC–LCC tuning networks. The proposed system utilizes a 480-V three-phase grid connection, a plug-in hybrid delivery truck with bidirectional WPT, and a stationary energy storage system (SESS) that can be connected to the primary-side dc link. Due to the differences in primary and secondary dc bus voltages, and considering the voltage of the SESS, asymmetric voltage gains were used in the system. Sensitivity analyses of this system with respect to these voltage levels are presented. Five different operating modes of the grid, SESS, and the EV battery are investigated with experimental results. Control algorithms are described for grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operating modes. A bidirectional WPT system is operated with a power factor of 0.99 on the grid side in every operating mode. The EV battery was charged with 20.3 kW with an overall efficiency of 93.02% in the G2V operating mode. Finally, in the V2G operating mode, the WPT system provided 12.82 kW of power back to the grid with an overall efficiency of 89.08%.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Thermodynamic analysis of a compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system using two saline aquifers at different depths as storage reservoirs
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is one of the leading large-scale energy storage technologies. However, low thermal efficiency and low energy storage density restrict its application. To improve the energy storage density, we propose a two-reservoir compressed CO 2 energy storage system. We present here thermodynamic and parametric analyses of the performance of an idealized two-reservoir CO 2 energy storage system under supercritical and transcritical conditions using a steady-state mathematical model. Results show that the transcritical compressed CO 2 energy storage system has higher round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency, and larger energy storage density than the supercritical compressed CO 2 energy storage. However, the configuration of supercritical compressed CO 2 energy storage is simpler, and the energy storage densities of the two systems are both higher than that of CAES, which is advantageous in terms of storage volume for a given power rating.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
A Novel Framework for Optimizing Ramping Capability of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
Hybrid Energy Storage System has been widely applied in aerospace, electric vehicle, and microgrid applications. The advantages are that they include complimentary technologies with both high power and energy capabilities. HESS have the potential to be useful to the bulk power systems, for example to increase the value of energy produced by variable generation resource through enabling participation in ancillary service markets. Actualizing the benefits of HESSs requires optimizing the combined ramping capability of aggregated HESS resources. To provide quality ancillary service, source of HESSs locating at multiple sites of variable generation resource must be optimally sized and cohesively controlled. Optimizing aggregated resources can be formulated as an optimization problem. Successfully solving this problem not only requires using effective solution methods but also depends on accurately and rapidly setting the necessary parameters in the problem formula. This article proposes a novel framework with double-layer structure to solve the optimization problem of aggregating ramping capability. Program developed on the upper layer focuses on solving the optimization of aggregating ramping capability among multiple HESSs and is compatible with most existing optimization algorithms. Program on lower layer of the framework targets at optimizing the local control of a single HESS based on a thorough analytics of HESS operation strategy presented in this article. Result of local optimization is also provided to upper layer program for updating the parameters in formula of optimization problem. Real time hardware-in-the-loop test is conducted to verify the performance of the optimization framework developed. The work presented is expected to provide guidance for implementing this framework in practical operation.
Luo, Yushen↗
Evaluating Storage Systems for Lustre
Storage systems are complex, including multiple subsystems and components. Sustained operations with top performance require all these subsystems and components working as expected. Having a detailed performance profile helps establishing a baseline. This baseline can be used for easier identification of possible future problems. A systematic bottom-to-top approach, starting with a detailed performance analysis of disks and moving up across layers and subsystems, provides a quantitative breakdown of each component's capabilities and bottlenecks. Coupling these low-level tests with Lustre-level evaluations will present a better understanding of performance expectations under different I/O workloads.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Cryogenic storage system Patent
Cryogenic storage system for gases onboard spacecraft
Chandler, W. A.↗
Development of a Bio-nanobattery for Distributed Power Storage Systems
Currently available power storage systems, such as those used to supply power to microelectronic devices, typically consist of a single centralized canister and a series of wires to supply electrical power to where it is needed in a circuit. As the size of electrical circuits and components become smaller, there exists a need for a distributed power system to reduce Joule heating, wiring, and to allow autonomous operation of the various functions performed by the circuit. Our research is being conducted to develop a bio-nanobattery using ferritins reconstituted with both an iron core (Fe-ferritin) and a cobalt core (Co-ferritin). Both Co-ferritin and Fe-ferritin were synthesized and characterized as candidates for the bio-nanobattery. The reducing capability was determined as well as the half-cell electrical potentials, indicating an electrical output of nearly 0.5 V for the battery cell. Ferritins having other metallic cores are also being investigated, in order to increase the overall electrical output. Two dimensional ferritin arrays were also produced on various substrates, demonstrating the necessary building blocks for the bio-nanobattery. The bio-nanobattery will play a key role in moving to a distributed power storage system for electronic applications.
King, Glen C.↗
An Empirical Model for Energy Storage Systems
Improved models of energy storage systems are needed to enable the electric grid’s adaptation to increasing penetration of renewables. This paper develops a generic empirical model of energy storage system performance agnostic of type, chemistry, design or scale. Parameters for this model are calculated using test procedures adapted from the US DOE Protocol for Uniformly Measuring and Expressing the Performance of Energy Storage. We then assess the accuracy of this model for predicting the performance of the TransPower GridSaver – a 1 MW rated lithium-ion battery system that underwent laboratory experimentation and analysis. The developed model predicts a range of energy storage system performance based on the uncertainty of estimated model parameters. Finally, this model can be used to better understand the integration and coordination of energy storage on the electric grid.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Modeling Impacts of Resilience Architectures for Extreme-Scale Storage Systems
The Scientific Modeling and Simulation of Storage project focused on improving our ability to store information reliably. The project, done jointly at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Los Alamos National Laboratories, and Sandia National Laboratories, had the main goal of transforming the art of reliable storage system construction into a more precise science. Along those lines, the project developed numerous tools to expose problems in existing systems; these tools, when applied to the state of the art, uncovered numerous flaws in existing approaches, showing that they both are error prone and in some cases contain serious design flaws. The project also led to the creation of new approaches in reliable system construction. One such approach shows how a storage system can adapt its behavior on the fly to deliver higher performance when there are few underlying failures, but then act more conservatively when more failures are occurring to ensure the safe storage of user data. Another approach develops a storage system consistency model which both delivers high performance but high levels of reliability, a significant advance over previous approaches. Overall, the tools developed within the project advanced the science of reliable storage design, and the new approaches that resulted advanced the science of storage system construction.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Parallel storage system with burst buffer appliance for storage of partitioned key-value store across a plurality of storage tiers
Parallel storage systems are provided with a burst buffer appliance for storage of a partitioned key-value store across a plurality of storage tiers. The burst buffer appliance is configured to store key-value data on first and second storage tiers comprising respective disjoint subsets of storage. One or more servers in the partitioned key-value store provide (i) an interface between one or more local key-value stores and one or more additional storage architectures, and/or (ii) a key value interface that provides access to at least one hardware key-value store. The local key-values are optionally sorted both locally by the local store and globally by the overall MDHIM framework. The local and global sorting can be leveraged to provide batch input/output (IO) operations that aggregate multiple requests into batch operations on one or more sorted ranges.
Bent, John M.↗
Durability, Reliability and Safety of Energy Storage Systems
For grid modernization, energy storage systems play a critical role in reliability. There are many technical issues and barriers that need to be addressed to redefine the reliability issues in modern grid system integration with renewable and distributed energy resources. This presentation is to disseminate some existing reliability issues in the energy storage systems to paint a bigger picture of what needs to be addressed. This presentation is intended to define these issues before we strive for a solution.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Scalability and performance improvements in the Fermilab Mass Storage System
By 2009 the Fermilab Mass Storage System had encountered two major challenges: the required amount of data stored and accessed in both tiers of the system (dCache and Enstore) had significantly increased and the number of clients accessing Mass Storage System had increased from tens to hundreds of nodes and from hundreds to thousands of parallel requests. To address these challenges Enstore and the SRM part of dCache were modified to scale for performance, access rates, and capacity. This work increased the amount of simultaneously processed requests in a single Enstore Library instance from about 1000 to 30000. The rates of incoming requests to Enstore increased from tens to hundreds per second. Fermilab is invested in LTO4 tape technology and we have investigated both LTO5 and Oracle T10000C to cope with the increasing needs in capacity. We have decided to adopt T10000C, mainly due to its large capacity, which allows us to scale up the existing robotic storage space by a factor 6. This paper describes the modifications and investigations that allowed us to meet these scalability and performance challenges and provided some perspectives of Fermilab Mass Storage System.
Crawford, Matt↗
Dynamical System Scaling of a Thermocline Thermal Storage System in the Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS) Facility
The purpose of this study was to develop a process to convert input signals from one facility into another by reflecting geometric and environmental settings. The Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL) is one facility in development that aims to emulate the daily interactions among power production industry systems and be capable of receiving real-time data from those systems as inputs. To convert signals and ensure that the temporal sequences and magnitudes reflect the laboratory settings, the ability to scale and project data is essential. To demonstrate this ability, Dynamical System Scaling (a methodology that enables systems to scale and project or extrapolate datasets to desired environments while conserving the observed transient behavior based on first principles) was applied to DETAIL’s thermocline thermal storage system in the Thermal Energy Distribution System. The thermocline system was successfully scaled and a test case was conducted to generate a doubly accelerated energy charge and discharge in reference to past experimental data from the facility. The accelerated data were determined as able to conserve the amount of energy stored and the associated test boundary conditions were charge line maximum temperature, charge line velocity, and thermocline maximum temperature at 354 °C, 0.458 m/s, and 418 °C, respectively. The research results represented a case that required signals to be accelerated without altering the stored energy.
Yoshiura, Ramon (ORCID:0000000319781313)↗
SIMWEST - A simulation model for wind energy storage systems
This paper describes a comprehensive and efficient computer program for the modeling of wind energy systems with storage. The level of detail of SIMWEST (SImulation Model for Wind Energy STorage) is consistent with evaluating the economic feasibility as well as the general performance of wind energy systems with energy storage options. The software package consists of two basic programs and a library of system, environmental, and control components. The first program is a precompiler which allows the library components to be put together in building block form. The second program performs the technoeconomic system analysis with the required input/output, and the integration of system dynamics. An example of the application of the SIMWEST program to a current 100 kW wind energy storage system is given.
Edsinger, R. W.↗