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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg14TiVO16 by Materials Project

Mg14TiVO16 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nine inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.14 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.15 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with eight MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.16 Å. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.15 Å. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.16 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.17 Å. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.16 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.17 Å. In the ninth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one TiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.15 Å. Ti2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.22 Å. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.19 Å. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form OMg5V octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Ti2+ atom to form OMg5Ti octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form OMg5V octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Ti2+ atom to form OMg5Ti octahedra that share corners with six OMg5Ti octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.14 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Mg2+ and two equivalent V2+ atoms to form OMg4V2 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4V2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Mg2+ and two equivalent Ti2+ atoms to form OMg4Ti2 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4V2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Ti octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4V2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4Ti2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Ti octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Mg2+, one Ti2+, and one V2+ atom to form OMg4TiV octahedra that share corners with six OMg4TiV octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4TiV octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Distribution of Infiltration in the 216-U-10 and 216-B-3 Pond Systems 1944-1997

A modeling system to simulate fate and transport of contaminant plumes in groundwater beneath the Central Plateau to support the Cumulative Impact Evaluation (CIE) and Composite Analysis (CA) is being developed. The CIE will evaluate the cumulative effect of multiple Central Plateau radiological and chemical sources on groundwater quality (DOE/RL-2018-69, Cumulative Impact Evaluation Technical Approach Document ). This will enable cleanup decisions to be evaluated in the context of all Central Plateau waste sites and existing groundwater conditions. The CA evaluates the cumulative effect of all sources of radioactive materials on radiological dose to future members of the public (DOE/RL-2018-60, Annual Status Report (FY 2018): Composite Analysis of Low Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau of the Hanford Site ). Fate and transport modeling will be used to forecast future groundwater concentrations for both the CIE and CA. The CIE/CA subsurface modeling system is divided into source (inventory), vadose zone, and saturated zone facets. Source inventory is a necessary input to the vadose zone facet, and releases from the vadose zone to groundwater are inputs to the saturated zone facet. The vadose zone facet simulates historical and future releases from the vadose zone to groundwater for both liquid waste and solid waste disposal sites. Effluent release volumes and radionuclide inventory estimates for liquid waste sites are contained in ECFHANFORD- 17-0079, Hanford Soil Inventory Model (SIM-v2) Calculated Radionuclide Inventory of Direct Liquid Discharges to Soil in the Hanford Site’s 200 Areas , herein referred to as SIM-v2. The liquid waste sites in SIM-v2 include the 216-B-3 Pond near 200 East Area and the 216-U-10 Pond in 200 West Area. The 216-B-3 Pond system consisted of a main pond and 3 expansion lobes that were operational during overlapping time periods. It also included influent ditches, but these are not listed as liquid waste sources in SIM-v2 and are not included in the CIE/CA modeling. The total effluent volume released to the pond system was measured, but the partitioning of this volume to the various expansion lobes was not determined and is not accounted for in SIM-v2. Regarding the 216-U-10 Pond, it received water from several influent ditches. The pond and the influent ditches are listed as liquid waste sites in SIM-v2 and are included as sources in the CIE/CA modeling. Because water in the ditches flowed into the pond, only a portion of the effluent volumes and contaminant inventories assigned to the ditches in SIM-v2 infiltrated from the ditches. Thus, partitioning of infiltration and contaminant inventories between the ditches and the pond is not fully accounted for in SIM-v2. Further, some of the water in the 216-U-10 Pond entered overflow ditches and the amount of this overflow was not recorded and is not accounted for in SIM-v2. Thus, the purpose of this Environmental Calculation File (ECF) is to partition the infiltration of wastewater and contaminant inventory between the main pond and each expansion lobe of the 216-B-3 Pond system, and to partition the infiltration of wastewater and contaminant inventory between the ditches and pond of the 216-U-10 Pond system.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg14MnVO16 by Materials Project

Mg14VMnO16 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nine inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.15 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.16 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.16 Å. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are three shorter (2.14 Å) and three longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are three shorter (2.14 Å) and three longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are three shorter (2.14 Å) and three longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.16 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are three shorter (2.14 Å) and three longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the ninth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are two shorter (2.14 Å) and four longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.15 Å) and four longer (2.18 Å) V–O bond lengths. Mn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.15 Å) and four longer (2.20 Å) Mn–O bond lengths. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Mn2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5Mn octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.14 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Mn octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Mg2+ and two equivalent Mn2+ atoms to form OMg4Mn2 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Mn octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4Mn2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Mn octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Mg2+ and two equivalent V2+ atoms to form OMg4V2 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Mn2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5Mn octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. The O–Mg bond length is 2.11 Å. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are one shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) O–Mg bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1996

Annual Research Briefs - 1996, Center for Turbulence Research

Partial contents include: (1) Simulation of jet impingement heat transfer with the k-e-V2 model; (2) A new methodology for turbulence modelers using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database analysis; (3) A particle representation model for the deformation of homogeneous turbulence; (4) Modeling of inhomogeneous compressible turbulence using a two-scale statistical theory; (5) Lewis number effects on partially premixed flames; (6) Conditional moment closure of mixing and reaction in turbulent non-premixed combustion; (7) Dynamic models for LES of turbulent front propagation with a spectral method; (8) Jet noise using large eddy simulation; (9) Towards numerical simulations of trailing-edge aeroacoustics; (10) A model for the onset of vortex breakdown; (11) Compressing an elliptic vortex: transition to turbulence by tumble breakdown; (12) A new method for the adaptive control of vortex-wall interactions; (13) Symmetries in turbulent boundary layer flows; (14) Near-wall models in large eddy simulations of flow behind a backward-facing step; (15) Assessment of the subgrid-scale models at low and high Reynolds numbers; (16) Large-eddy simulations of flow around a NACA 4412 airfoil using unstructured grids; (17) Progress on LES of flow past a circular cylinder; (18) Experimental investigation of flow through an asymmetric plane diffuser; (19) Progress in the large-eddy simulation of an asymmetric plane diffuser; (20) A numerical study of self-similarity in a turbulent plane wake using large-eddy simulation; (21) On the generation of turbulent inflow conditions for boundary layer simulations, and (22) A new class of finite difference schemes.

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS↗
NASA NTRS2024

Stellar Occultation Observations to Constrain the Stratosphere of Uranus for Aerocapture

Background on Uranus: Voyager 2 (V2) UV stellar and solar occultations at Uranus detected a warm stratosphere and extremely hot thermosphere [1, 2], far in excess of solar irradiance [3, 4] and internal heating [5, 6]. New theories to explain similar heating at Jupiter [7] and Saturn [8] cannot be tested at Uranus due to a dearth of reliable measurements. In [9, 10], we reprocessed 26 archival Earth-based stellar occultations by Uranus (1977-1996), finding stratospheric temperatures (~200 K) warmer than the original (~100 K), but in stark tension with V2 (~300-500 K). In [10], we built a physics-based, 1-D atmospheric model (see Fig 1) that finds a nearly isothermal stratosphere and a dynamic heat sink in the lower thermosphere. Aerocapture: Aerocapture is spacecraft maneuver that uses a single deep dip to enter orbit. It could decrease cruise time and launch mass for a Uranus mission, but the greatest impediment is uncertain stratospheric densities of Uranus [11]. Aims: 1) Observe and process many high S/N Uranus stellar occultations in the next decade; 2) constrain stratospheric densities for aerocapture; 3) better understand the energy balance; 4) determine stratospheric changes since 1996. Upcoming Occultations: We will present our observing plan for the 2025 April Uranus occultation (K mag 8) and discuss the best-in-a-century 2031 event (K mag 4). We will discuss other events in the early 2030s [12] [13], predicted constraints on density, and simulations of aerocapture for UOP. We will discuss the Shadow Chaser, a small satellite concept for observing occultations from Earth orbit [12]. Conclusions: New stellar occultations can vastly improve profiles of the stratosphere of Uranus; this is critical for understanding energy circulation and constraining densities for using aerocapture on UOP. References: [1] Herbert, F. et al. (1987). JGR. [2] Stevens, M. et al. (1993). Icarus. [3] Marley, M. & McKay, C. (1999). Icarus, [4] Li, C. et al. (2018). JQRST. [5] Pearl, J. et al. (1990). Icarus. [6] Melin, H (2020). Nat Astron. [7] O’Donoghue, J. et al. (2021) Nature. [8] Mueller-Wodarg, I. et al. (2019) GRL. [9] Saunders, W. et al. (2023). PSJ. [10] Saunders, W. et al. (2024). PSJ. [11] Report of the Aerocapture Demonstration Relevance Assessment Team (2023). [12] Saunders, W. et al. (2022). P&SS. [13] French, R. & Souami, D. (2023) PSJ.

William Saunders↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg30VCdO32 by Materials Project

Mg30VCdO32 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.15 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.13 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.12 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.16 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are five shorter (2.14 Å) and one longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are four shorter (2.14 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CdO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.16 Å. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CdO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.08 Å) and four longer (2.19 Å) V–O bond lengths. Cd2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.21 Å) and four longer (2.26 Å) Cd–O bond lengths. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg5Cd octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg5Cd octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. All O–Mg bond lengths are 2.16 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Cd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Mg2+, one V2+, and one Cd2+ atom to form OMg4VCd octahedra that share corners with six OMg4VCd octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4VCd octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2007

New Observations of the Heliospheric Magnetic Field from the Voyager Spacecraft

We review recent observations of variations of the heliospheric magnetic field B(t) made by Voyager 1 and 2 (V1 and V2), and we discuss the boundary conditions needed for models to explain the observations. Usually, observations from a spacecraft close to the Sun, such as ACE, WIND or Ulysses are used as input to a time-dependent model. Generally, the predicted profile B(t) can be compared directly with the observed profile only when either V1 or V2 is approximately radially aligned with a near-Sun spacecraft; this happens rarely and only for a brief time interval. The Bastille Day events illustrate this situation. In the absence of radial alignment of the spacecraft it is possible to predict the development of a global structure (a GMIR) with data from ACE or WIND, if they obtain a representative sample the flows that merge to form a GMIR. When latitudinal gradients are small and when there is statistical homogeneity in the azimuthal direction, it is possible to predict the statistical properties of the large-scale fluctuations of B(t) observed by V1 or V2 during a year or so. We illustrate this situation with observations from the recent solar maximum and the declining phase of the solar cycle. Predictions of detailed observations made by V1 and V2 under general conditions (e.g., when there is a large latitudinal gradient) require boundary conditions as a function of time on a surface, such as a Sun-centered sphere with a radius of 1 AU. These conditions can only be provided by global solar observations. We suggest the feasibility of such an approach, using V2 observations for 2005 and 2006. The prediction of observations in the heliosheath requires the solution of the 3-D boundary problem for the supersonic solar wind and propagation of solar wind through the termination shock into the heliosphere. The properties of B(t) observed in the heliosheath have not yet been predicted.

Burlaga, Leonard F.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaMg14VO16 by Materials Project

CaMg14VO16 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.27 Å. There are eight inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.18 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.16 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with eight MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.20 Å. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.17 Å. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.20 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.17 Å. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.20 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one CaO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.18 Å. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.20 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form OCaMg5 octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg5 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form OMg5V octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg5 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ca2+ and four Mg2+ atoms to form OCa2Mg4 octahedra that share corners with six OCa2Mg4 octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Mg2+ and two equivalent V2+ atoms to form OMg4V2 octahedra that share corners with six OCa2Mg4 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OCa2Mg4 octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4V2 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+, four Mg2+, and one V2+ atom to form OCaMg4V octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4V octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ca2+, four Mg2+, and one V2+ atom to form OCaMg4V octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4V octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are two shorter (2.16 Å) and two longer (2.18 Å) O–Mg bond lengths. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OCaMg4V octahedra and edges with twelve OCaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg30NbVO32 by Materials Project

Mg30NbVO32 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.15 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.16 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.13 Å) and two longer (2.14 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.12 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one NbO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.16 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are four shorter (2.14 Å) and two longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.15 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one NbO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.16 Å. Nb2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NbO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.21 Å) and four longer (2.25 Å) Nb–O bond lengths. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NbO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.09 Å) and four longer (2.19 Å) V–O bond lengths. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Nb2+ atom to form OMg5Nb octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Nb octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one Nb2+ atom to form OMg5Nb octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Nb octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. All O–Mg bond lengths are 2.16 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5Nb octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Mg2+, one Nb2+, and one V2+ atom to form OMg4NbV octahedra that share corners with six OMg4NbV octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg4NbV octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ta8V(CS2)4 by Materials Project

Ta8V(CS2)4 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ta+3.75+ sites. In the first Ta+3.75+ site, Ta+3.75+ is bonded to three equivalent C4- and three equivalent S2- atoms to form TaC3S3 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent TaC3S3 octahedra, edges with nine equivalent TaC3S3 octahedra, and a faceface with one VS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Ta–C bond lengths are 2.23 Å. All Ta–S bond lengths are 2.55 Å. In the second Ta+3.75+ site, Ta+3.75+ is bonded to three C4- and three S2- atoms to form TaC3S3 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VS6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent TaC3S3 octahedra, and edges with nine TaC3S3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–46°. All Ta–C bond lengths are 2.24 Å. There are one shorter (2.50 Å) and two longer (2.53 Å) Ta–S bond lengths. V2+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form VS6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent TaC3S3 octahedra and faces with two equivalent TaC3S3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 46°. All V–S bond lengths are 2.43 Å. There are two inequivalent C4- sites. In the first C4- site, C4- is bonded to six Ta+3.75+ atoms to form CTa6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent STa3V trigonal pyramids, edges with six CTa6 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent STa3V trigonal pyramids. In the second C4- site, C4- is bonded to six equivalent Ta+3.75+ atoms to form CTa6 octahedra that share edges with six equivalent CTa6 octahedra and edges with six equivalent STa3V trigonal pyramids. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ta+3.75+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Ta+3.75+ and one V2+ atom to form distorted STa3V trigonal pyramids that share corners with three equivalent CTa6 octahedra, corners with five equivalent STa3V trigonal pyramids, edges with three CTa6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent STa3V trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 10°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nb4VS8 by Materials Project

Nb4VS8 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nb+3.50+ sites. In the first Nb+3.50+ site, Nb+3.50+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form distorted NbS6 pentagonal pyramids that share edges with six equivalent NbS6 pentagonal pyramids and faces with two equivalent VS6 octahedra. All Nb–S bond lengths are 2.49 Å. In the second Nb+3.50+ site, Nb+3.50+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted NbS6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent VS6 octahedra and edges with six NbS6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There are two shorter (2.46 Å) and four longer (2.52 Å) Nb–S bond lengths. V2+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form VS6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NbS6 pentagonal pyramids and faces with two equivalent NbS6 pentagonal pyramids. All V–S bond lengths are 2.43 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Nb+3.50+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Nb+3.50+ and one V2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nb4VSe8 by Materials Project

Nb4VSe8 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nb+3.50+ sites. In the first Nb+3.50+ site, Nb+3.50+ is bonded to six equivalent Se2- atoms to form distorted NbSe6 pentagonal pyramids that share edges with six equivalent NbSe6 pentagonal pyramids and faces with two equivalent VSe6 octahedra. All Nb–Se bond lengths are 2.62 Å. In the second Nb+3.50+ site, Nb+3.50+ is bonded to six Se2- atoms to form distorted NbSe6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent VSe6 octahedra and edges with six NbSe6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. There are two shorter (2.58 Å) and four longer (2.65 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. V2+ is bonded to six equivalent Se2- atoms to form VSe6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NbSe6 pentagonal pyramids and faces with two equivalent NbSe6 pentagonal pyramids. All V–Se bond lengths are 2.55 Å. There are two inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Nb+3.50+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Nb+3.50+ and one V2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BaMg30VO32 by Materials Project

BaMg30VO32 is alpha Po-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ba2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form BaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (2.37 Å) and four longer (2.42 Å) Ba–O bond lengths. There are eight inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.18 Å. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent BaO6 octahedra, corners with four MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.23 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.15 Å) and two longer (2.16 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fourth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are four shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.20 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the fifth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one BaO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with ten MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–10°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.25 Å. In the sixth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.19 Å. In the seventh Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.18 Å. In the eighth Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six MgO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one BaO6 octahedra, and edges with eleven MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–10°. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.24 Å. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent BaO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and edges with twelve MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. There are two shorter (1.99 Å) and four longer (2.23 Å) V–O bond lengths. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form OMg5V octahedra that share corners with six OBaMg5 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ba2+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form OBaMg5 octahedra that share corners with six OMg5V octahedra and edges with twelve OBaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. Both O–Mg bond lengths are 2.19 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Mg2+ and one V2+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are a spread of O–Mg bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.17 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ba2+ and five Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OBaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are two shorter (2.24 Å) and two longer (2.25 Å) O–Mg bond lengths. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OBaMg5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent OMg6 octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Ba2+, four equivalent Mg2+, and one V2+ atom to form OBaMg4V octahedra that share corners with six OBaMg4V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OBaMg4V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form OMg6 octahedra that share corners with six OBaMg4V octahedra and edges with twelve OMg5V octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. There are two shorter (2.10 Å) and two longer (2.17 Å) O–Mg bond lengths. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Mg2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OMg6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

SARS-CoV2 Docking Dataset

Description: Small-molecule conformations and docking scores for 1.4 billion molecules docked against 6 protein targets from SARS-CoV2: MPro 5R84, MPro 6WQF, NSP15 6WLC, PLPro 7JIR, Spike 6M0J, and a hand-optimized model of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Docking was carried out using the Autodock-GPU program performing 20 independent structure minimizations per dock - saving 3 results per molecule. Scores reported include the Autodock free energy estimate as well as RF3 and VS-DUD-E v2 machine-learned rescoring models. Protein structure files and maps in the format input to Autodock-GPU are included. Literature Ref: Supercomputer-Based Ensemble Docking Drug Discovery Pipeline with Application to Covid-19, J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2020, 60(12): 5832–5852.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li5V2Fe5O12 by Materials Project

Li5V2Fe5O12 is Caswellsilverite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO6 octahedra, edges with two VO6 octahedra, edges with four LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.26 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO6 octahedra, edges with two VO6 octahedra, edges with four LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.23 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent VO6 octahedra, edges with four LiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–10°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.21 Å. There are two inequivalent V2+ sites. In the first V2+ site, V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with five FeO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–6°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. In the second V2+ site, V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with four LiO6 octahedra, and edges with eight FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–7°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.08 Å. There are four inequivalent Fe3+ sites. In the first Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent VO6 octahedra, edges with four LiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–6°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.07 Å. In the second Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two VO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO6 octahedra, edges with two VO6 octahedra, edges with three FeO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–7°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.24 Å. In the third Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent VO6 octahedra, edges with four LiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–8°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.17 Å. In the fourth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent VO6 octahedra, and edges with seven LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–10°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.09 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V2+, and two Fe3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3VFe2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–6°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one V2+, and three Fe3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi2VFe3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–4°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V2+, and two Fe3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3VFe2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–7°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one V2+, and three Fe3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi2VFe3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V2+, and two Fe3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi3VFe2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–7°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one V2+, and three Fe3+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OLi2VFe3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4VCr2Ni3(PO4)6 by Materials Project

Li4VCr2Ni3(PO4)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.58 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.62 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.34 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.31 Å. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a faceface with one CrO6 octahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.17 Å. There are two inequivalent Cr3+ sites. In the first Cr3+ site, Cr3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CrO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one VO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cr–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.37 Å. In the second Cr3+ site, Cr3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CrO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and faces with two NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cr–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.29 Å. There are three inequivalent Ni2+ sites. In the first Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a faceface with one CrO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.19 Å. In the second Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a faceface with one CrO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.16 Å. In the third Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a faceface with one CrO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.18 Å. There are six inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, corners with two CrO6 octahedra, and corners with three NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–51°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.58 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, corners with two CrO6 octahedra, and corners with three NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–52°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, corners with two CrO6 octahedra, and corners with three NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.58 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, corners with two CrO6 octahedra, and corners with three NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.63 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, corners with two CrO6 octahedra, and corners with three NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–52°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.62 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, corners with two CrO6 octahedra, and corners with three NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–51°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V2+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni2+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to one Li1+, one V2+, one Cr3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni2+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V2+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+, one V2+, one Cr3+, and one P5+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one Cr3+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V2+, one Cr3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ni2+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni2+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ni2+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4VP6(H4O11)2 by Materials Project

Li4VP6(H4O11)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.85 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted LiO5 square pyramids that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.44 Å. V2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.22 Å. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.64 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one VO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 29°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.63 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.63 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.59 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.71 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V2+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one V2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Li1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Li1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Microcarbonation of Naphthalene: An Experimental and Computational Study of Photoionization in Naphthalene-Carbon Dioxide Clusters

The photoionization of naphthalene (N)-carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) clusters was studied using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation from a synchrotron in the photon range of 8.0 to 13.7 eV, in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clusters of monomer, dimer, and trimer naphthalene with CO 2 (N­(CO 2 ) 0–6 , N 2 ­(CO 2 ) 0–3 , N3) were observed. The lowest-energy conformers were obtained via a conformer search, followed by geometry optimizations at the ωB97X-V2/aug-cc-pVTZ (monomer) and ωB97X-V2/aug-cc-pVDZ (dimer) levels of theory. Carbon dioxide was found to preferentially cluster on top of the naphthalene molecule (in an out-of-plane configuration). From the mass spectra, photoionization intensity curves (PICs) were constructed, and appearance energies (AEs) were determined. No substantial trend in AE was observed with increasing size of the naphthalene-carbon dioxide clusters; rather, AE oscillations around the value for pure naphthalene were observed. These AE oscillations are also observed in a recently studied naphthalene-water cluster system, though in this system a slight downward trend in AE for pure naphthalene clusters (N1/2/3/4) was observed. The differences between the two systems are attributed to differing interaction strengths. In conclusion, understanding these differences may aid in determining how photoprocessing can proceed differently depending on the dominant matrix component in interstellar ices.

Wannenmacher, Anna [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab↗