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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
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DOE OSTI2025

Hot, Cold, or Just Right? Using a Wide-View Infrared Biometric Sensor to Improve Occupant Comfort and Reduce Overcooling in Buildings via Closed-loop Control (CRADA Final Report)

This research adds to the understanding of building energy management by fundamentally challenging the long-standing paradigm of controlling an environmental parameter—air temperature—and assuming occupant comfort will follow. The project developed and demonstrated a novel approach that directly senses physiological indicators of human comfort to enable closedloop, human-centric control of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. This work shifts the focus from open-loop environmental control to a closed-loop system that prioritizes the occupants' actual thermal state. The primary benefit to the public is the potential for a simultaneous improvement in the quality of indoor environments, where people spend most of their time, and a significant reduction in national energy consumption. Overcooling, or the overuse of cooling energy in a way that discomforts occupants, wastes approximately 0.5 Quads of primary energy annually in U.S. commercial buildings and creates unproductive indoor environments.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

TASTI-GRID: a holistic view of Florida's grid resilience opportunities

In December of 2025, the American Society of Civil Engineers updated Florida’s infrastructure grade to a ”C+” – reflecting overall investments in recent years. With the recommendation to further strengthen the electric grid and establish consistent building standards, extreme weather, aging infrastructure, and population in-migration are still compounding Florida’s grid vulnerabilities. Key challenges related to hurricane and other tropical & marine weather events are not unique to Florida. However, the state’s topography, location, demographics, and variation among rural and urban centers for tourism and industry, demonstrate the need for unique approaches to advancing critical infrastructure resilience, particularly for large concentrations of elderly residents or in areas of historic underinvestment. Florida’s grid asset advancements are credited with a reduction in average power outage durations. Yet, improvements since 2021 have set the stage for future resilience activities – as modernization efforts have greatly improved data collection – enabling better understanding of vulnerabilities and trends across counties and localities (particularly in Central Florida).

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

A taxogenomic view of the genus Torulaspora : an expansion from ten to twenty-two species

The yeast genus Torulaspora (subphylum Saccharomycotina, family Saccharomycetaceae) is mostly known from its type species, T. delbrueckii, a frequent colonizer of wine and sourdough bread fermentations. The genus currently contains 10 species that are typically found in various natural terrestrial environments in temperate and tropical climates. Here we employ taxogenomic analyses to investigate a large collection of Torulaspora strains obtained in multiple surveys we carried out in Asia, Australasia, North America, South America, and Europe, and to which we added several strains maintained in culture collections. Our analyses detected twelve novel species that are formally described here, thereby more than doubling the species diversity of Torulaspora. We also sketch a genotype-phenotype map for the genus and show how the complex relationship between key genes and the physiological traits they control both between and within species. This remarkable increase in the number of species in the genus Torulaspora highlights how limited the current inventory of fungal taxa is. It also shows how integrated taxogenomic approaches can foster the assessment of species circumscriptions in fungi.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Barriers and Benefits: Understanding Riders’ Views on Pooled Rideshare in the U.S.

This manuscript provides actionable recommendations to enhance user satisfaction and address existing barriers regarding pooled rideshare (PR) in the United States. Despite PR’s intended benefits, such as reduced traffic congestion and cost savings, its adoption remains limited. To identify these actionable items, a U.S. nationwide survey with 5385 participants explored transportation preferences, barriers, and motivators for PR use in the summer of 2021. First, two factor analyses were conducted. The first factor analysis identified the five factors associated with one’s willingness to consider PR (time/cost, traffic/environment, safety, privacy, and service experience). The second factor analysis revealed the four factors related to ways to optimize one’s PR experience (comfort/ease of use, convenience, vehicle technology/accessibility, and passenger safety). Privacy concerns, for instance, were found to reduce the likelihood of PR adoption by 77%, and convenience had the potential to increase it by 156%. A structural equation model evaluated the relationships among these nine key factors influencing PR usage to develop the Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM). The privacy, safety, trust service, and convenience factors each had a significant large effect (Cohen’s f 2 > 0.35) on the model. PRAM was extended using multigroup analyses to reveal the nuanced impact of 16 demographics, including gender, generation, rideshare experience, etc., highlighting the need for tailored strategies to improve PR acceptance through the Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model Multigroup Analyses (PRAMMAs). Multiple workshops were held with diverse audiences to translate the team’s findings to date into 84 actionable recommendations, categorized across topical areas like safety, routing, driver and passenger selection, user education, etc. These findings are a foundation for a future study to determine which items resonate with different user groups. In the meantime, the actional items serve as a user-driven resource for policymakers, transportation network companies, and researchers, offering a roadmap to potential improvements to PR services to address existing concerns with the goal of increasing the usage of PR.

actionable recommendations↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fermi-LAT View on Three Ultra-high-energy 1LHAASO Sources in the 52° < l < 55° Region

Using more than 17 yr of Fermi-LAT data, we performed a detailed investigation of the complex 52° < l < 55° region, which encompasses the three ultra-high-energy sources 1LHAASO J1928+1746u, 1LHAASO J1928+1813u, and 1LHAASO J1929+1846u. This region hosts multiple supernova remnants (SNRs), pulsars, GeV and TeV sources. Our analysis resolves the GeV emission into three pointlike sources (J1925+1729P, J1930+1851P, and J1932+1916P) and two extended sources (J1929+1732E and J1930+1826E), and improves significantly on the description based on the 4FGL-DR4 catalog. Source J1932+1916P is identified as the known gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1932+1916, while J1925+1729P may be a new gamma-ray pulsar candidate distinct from the known gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1925+1720. This warrants future investigation and a search for pulsations. Source J1930+1851P coincides with the TeV source PWN/SNR G54.1+0.3, and its GeV−TeV spectrum is consistent with both leptonic and hadronic interpretations, although a leptonic origin in relation to the known pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is more likely. The GeV−TeV spectrum of J1929+1732E is consistent with a hybrid lepto-hadronic scenario in which the TeV emission traces the PWN powered by the pulsar PSR J1928+1746, while the GeV emission may result from interactions between particles escaped from the parent SNR and illuminating the gas environment. Similarly, J1930+1826E is likely connected to PWN/SNR G54.1+0.3 under a hadronic scenario involving escaped particles in their early propagation stage. Owing to spectral and/or morphological mismatches, the connection of these five GeV sources to the three LHAASO sources is not clear. This warrants deeper observations with HAWC and LHAASO, and a dedicated study of the modeling of the Galactic diffuse emission. Future CTAO observations with higher angular resolution are expected to deliver crucial information for the study of this region.

Liu, Linjie [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ku↗
DOE OSTI2026

The S-PLUS Fifth Data Release: Over 4500 Square Degrees of the Southern Sky and a Multicolor View of the Hydra and Antlia Galaxy Clusters

Abstract We present the fifth data release (DR5) of the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), covering 4592 deg 2 across 2491 fields. Observations were conducted with the T80-South, a Brazilian robotic telescope equipped with the Javalambre 12-filter system, containing five broadband and seven narrowband filters. Data products feature FITS images and extensive catalogs containing fluxes, magnitudes, and shape parameters for over 113 million detections. In addition, several value-added catalogs are provided, offering photometric redshifts (photo- zs ), object classifications, masks, and extinction coefficients. For the first time, this release includes coverage of 110 deg 2 along the Galactic disk, facilitating new research into Galactic structure and stellar populations. The release also provides full coverage of the Hydra Supercluster and numerous other nearby clusters with improved data reduction and calibration, enhancing photo- z accuracy, which is vital for large-scale structure studies. A preliminary analysis of the Hydra and Antlia galaxy clusters up to 5 × R 200 yields an updated catalog of 1706 cluster members based on both spectroscopic and high-quality photo- zs . Our photometric data shows that both clusters have a similar proportion of galaxies with an H α excess relative to their clustercentric distance, though Hydra has a higher fraction near its center. Additionally, the spatial distribution of all objects in our sample highlights a bridge connecting both clusters. We verify that S-PLUS DR5 provides a solid foundation for future scientific investigations, ranging from solar system studies to cosmology.

Vinicius Rodrigues de Lima, Erik [Universidade de ↗
DOE OSTI2024

The XRISM/Resolve View of the Fe K Region of Cyg X-3

The X-ray binary system Cygnus X-3 (4U 2030+40, V1521 Cyg) is luminous but enigmatic owing to the high intervening absorption. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy uniquely probes the dynamics of the photoionized gas in the system. In this Letter, we report on an observation of Cyg X-3 with the XRISM/Resolve spectrometer, which provides unprecedented spectral resolution and sensitivity in the 2–10 keV band. We detect multiple kinematic and ionization components in absorption and emission whose superposition leads to complex line profiles, including strong P Cygni profiles on resonance lines. The prominent Fe xxv Heα and Fe xxvi Lyα emission complexes are clearly resolved into their characteristic fine-structure transitions. Self-consistent photoionization modeling allows us to disentangle the absorption and emission components and measure the Doppler velocity of these components as a function of binary orbital phase. We find a significantly higher velocity amplitude for the emission lines than for the absorption lines. The absorption lines generally appear blueshifted by ∼−500–600 km s −1 . We show that the wind decomposes naturally into a relatively smooth and large-scale component, perhaps associated with the background wind itself, plus a turbulent, denser structure located close to the compact object in its orbit.

Audard, Marc (ORCID:000000034721034X)↗
DOE OSTI2025

A radar view of ice microphysics and turbulence in Arctic cloud systems

Ice microphysical processes are inherently complex because of their sensitivity to temperature and humidity, the diversity of ice crystal habits, and their interaction with supercooled liquid water (SCL) and turbulence. Long-term surface-based radar observations have been systematically used to unravel the different processes that affect ice particle growth. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of 6.5 years of Ka-band radar observations in Arctic cloud systems, combined with thermodynamic profiles derived from radiosonde measurements. For the first time, ice particle growth and sublimation – diagnosed from vertical gradients of radar reflectivity and mean Doppler velocity – are systematically mapped across a broad range of temperature and moisture conditions. These vertical gradients correspond closely to saturation levels relative to ice and exhibit a strong temperature dependence in supersaturated regions. Notably, distinct signatures near −15 °C are indicative of dendritic growth. Turbulence, quantified via the eddy dissipation rate (EDR), is most frequently observed in regions containing SCL. The co-occurrence of SCL and elevated turbulence results in significantly enhanced ice particle growth compared to conditions in which either is present alone. This work provides new observational constraints that are critical for improving the representation of ice microphysics in atmospheric models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Validation of Interconnection and Interoperability of Grid-Forming Inverters Sourced by Hydrogen Technologies in View of 100% Renewable Microgrids

Grid-forming assets are required in microgrids to act as voltage-frequency masters. These grid-forming assets can operate in two modes of operation: grid-following mode and grid-forming mode. In grid-following mode of operation, these assets will follow real power and reactive power setpoints and in grid-forming mode of operation these assets will follow voltage and frequency setpoints. Traditionally, diesel generators or natural gas-based generators are widely used to act as a voltage-frequency master. However, many utilities are aiming to replace generators with grid forming-inverters supplied by solar photovoltaics (PV), batteries or fuel cells. Since grid-forming assets need a long-term reliable energy source, fuel cells are a reasonable and viable choice to supply the grid-forming inverters, but some of the challenges facing the wide deployment of grid-forming fuel cell inverters need to be addressed. Specifically, in our proposed work, we aim to focus on the interconnection and interoperability requirements of grid-forming fuel cell inverters. Currently, state-of-the-art fuel cell inverters follow the general interconnection requirements of distributed energy resources (DERs) and general interoperability requirements of DERs, but these requirements were built with PV and battery systems in mind. Fuel cells have different operational requirements, and therefore these requirements need to be appropriately modified for the grid operators to use. These additional steps add to the investment and operational cost to the grid operators. Through the ARIES platform, this proposed project aims to bridge this gap and use power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) and controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) experiments to inform the creation of open-source interconnection and interoperability information that can aid in faster and cheaper installation and operation of grid-forming fuel cell inverters.

controller hardware-in-the-loop↗
DOE OSTI2025

DECADE+DES Y3 Weak Lensing Mass Map: A 13,000 deg$^2$ View of Cosmic Structure from 270 Million Galaxies

We present the largest galaxy weak lensing mass map of the late-time Universe, reconstructed from 270 million galaxies in the DECADE and DES Year 3 datasets, covering 13,000 square degrees. We validate the map through systematic tests against observational conditions (depth, seeing, etc.), finding the map is statistically consistent with no contamination. The large area covered by the mass map makes it a well-suited tool for cosmological analyses, cross-correlation studies and the identification of large-scale structure features. We demonstrate its potential by detecting cosmic filaments directly from the mass map for the first time and validating them through their association with galaxy clusters selected using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect from Planck and ACT DR6.

Gatti, M. [Chicago U., KICP] (ORCID:00000001613487↗