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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS1990

Use of laser range finders and range image analysis in automated assembly tasks

A proposition to study the effect of filtering processes on range images and to evaluate the performance of two different laser range mappers is made. Median filtering was utilized to remove noise from the range images. First and second order derivatives are then utilized to locate the similarities and dissimilarities between the processed and the original images. Range depth information is converted into spatial coordinates, and a set of coefficients which describe 3-D objects is generated using the algorithm developed in the second phase of this research. Range images of spheres and cylinders are used for experimental purposes. An algorithm was developed to compare the performance of two different laser range mappers based upon the range depth information of surfaces generated by each of the mappers. Furthermore, an approach based on 2-D analytic geometry is also proposed which serves as a basis for the recognition of regular 3-D geometric objects.

Alvertos, Nicolas↗

NASA NTRS1993

Real-time automated failure analysis for on-orbit operations

A system which is to provide real-time failure analysis support to controllers at the NASA Johnson Space Center Control Center Complex (CCC) for both Space Station and Space Shuttle on-orbit operations is described. The system employs monitored systems' models of failure behavior and model evaluation algorithms which are domain-independent. These failure models are viewed as a stepping stone to more robust algorithms operating over models of intended function. The described system is designed to meet two sets of requirements. It must provide a useful failure analysis capability enhancement to the mission controller. It must satisfy CCC operational environment constraints such as cost, computer resource requirements, verification, and validation. The underlying technology and how it may be used to support operations is also discussed.

Kirby, Sarah↗

NASA NTRS1994

Automated Scalability Analysis Tools for Message Passing Parallel Programs

In order to develop scalable parallel applications, a number of programming decisions have to be made during the development of the program. Performance tools that help in making these decisions are few, if existent. Traditionally, performance tools have focused on exposing performance bottlenecks of small-scale executions of the program. However, it is common knowledge that programs that perform exceptionally well on small processor configurations, more often than not, perform poorly when executed on larger processor configurations. Hence, new tools that predict the execution characteristics of scaled-up programs are an essential part of an application developers toolkit. In this paper we discuss important issues that need to be considered in order to build useful scalability analysis tools for parallel programs. We introduce a simple tool that automatically extracts scalability characteristics of a class of deterministic parallel programs. We show with the help of a number of results on the Intel iPSC/860, that predictions are within reasonable bounds.

Sarukkai, Sekhar R.↗

NASA NTRS2013

Automated Loads Analysis System (ATLAS)

ATLAS is a generalized solution that can be used for launch vehicles. ATLAS is used to produce modal transient analysis and quasi-static analysis results (i.e., accelerations, displacements, and forces) for the payload math models on a specific Shuttle Transport System (STS) flight using the shuttle math model and associated forcing functions. This innovation solves the problem of coupling of payload math models into a shuttle math model. It performs a transient loads analysis simulating liftoff, landing, and all flight events between liftoff and landing. ATLAS utilizes efficient and numerically stable algorithms available in MSC/NASTRAN.

Gardner, Stephen↗

NASA NTRS2019

An Initial Analysis of Automating Conjunction Assessment and Collision Avoidance Planning in Space Traffic Management

We introduce a framework that automates the process of assessing potential satellite conjunctions in space, and generating collision avoidance maneuvers to support mitigation efforts within a novel space traffic management (STM) architecture. A software implementation of the framework was developed in a MATLAB-STK integrated environment, however, the concept and framework is agnostic to the language or environment. The software pulls from existing catalogs of spaceborne objects and ingests user-defined parameters to produce conjunction data, which could potentially aid collision avoidance planning in the STM architecture. The utility of the software in maneuver planning and exploring a performance-based tradespace of actions is demonstrated using three example cases: one-to-one conjunction, one-versus-four conjunctions, and a near head-on collision. The framework also provides a test-bed for the use of application programming interfaces (APIs) to demonstrate machine-to-machine communication between entities in our proposed STM architecture. Results from this software implementation are expected to aid distributed decision-making among various stakeholders, and inform efficient, autonomous, structured but flexible concept of operations within STM.

Space Systems Engineering↗

NASA NTRS2019

Integrated Design and Manufacturing Analysis for Automated Fiber Placement Structures

Automated fiber placement provides many advancements beyond traditional hand layups in terms of efficiency and reliability. However, there are also a variety of unique challenges that arise with automated fiber placement technology. In particular, steering of tows over doubly-curved tool surfaces can result in material overlaps and gaps due to path convergence/divergence, fiber angle deviation, as well defects in the tows themselves such as puckers and wrinkles. Minimization of these defects is traditionally considered a task for the manufacturing discipline. Manufacturing specifications are often created for these defects based on laminate testing and can be inflexible to avoid more tests. Recent efforts have been made under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Composites Project (ACP) to develop software tools and processes that provide automated coupling between design and manufacturing disciplines. The objective of this coupling is to provide information to the design discipline on the manufacturability of a laminate while the laminate is being designed. A variety of software tools, both existing commercial tools and research tools under development, will be used to achieve this objective: HyperSizer for laminate optimization, the Computer Aided Process Planning module for selection of manufacturing process parameters, Vericut Composite Programming for tow path simulation, and COMPRO for deposition and cure defects. The newly developed “Central Optimizer” tool will be used to tie the modules together and drive the design for manufacturing process.

Noevere, August↗

NASA NTRS2009

Sparse Superpixel Unmixing for Exploratory Analysis of CRISM Hyperspectral Images

Fast automated analysis of hyperspectral imagery can inform observation planning and tactical decisions during planetary exploration. Products such as mineralogical maps can focus analysts' attention on areas of interest and assist data mining in large hyperspectral catalogs. In this work, sparse spectral unmixing drafts mineral abundance maps with Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer (CRISM) images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We demonstrate a novel "superpixel" segmentation strategy enabling efficient unmixing in an interactive session. Tests correlate automatic unmixing results based on redundant spectral libraries against hand-tuned summary products currently in use by CRISM researchers.

Image Segmentation↗

NASA NTRS1988

Rocketdyne automated dynamics data analysis and management system

An automated dynamics data analysis and management systems implemented on a DEC VAX minicomputer cluster is described. Multichannel acquisition, Fast Fourier Transformation analysis, and an online database have significantly improved the analysis of wideband transducer responses from Space Shuttle Main Engine testing. Leakage error correction to recover sinusoid amplitudes and correct for frequency slewing is described. The phase errors caused by FM recorder/playback head misalignment are automatically measured and used to correct the data. Data compression methods are described and compared. The system hardware is described. Applications using the data base are introduced, including software for power spectral density, instantaneous time history, amplitude histogram, fatigue analysis, and rotordynamics expert system analysis.

Tarn, Robert B.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Analysis of SSME inspection imagery using AI approaches

The automated analysis of SSME injector assemblies has been investigated for the cases of LOX post surface defects and injector-baffle deterioration. Defects are isolated via 2D feature extraction from borescope and camera images; temporal-frequency transforms are then used to create a multiresolution set of feature vectors representing image contents. The potential flaws thus discriminated are then segmented and classified according to known categories. AI is applied in the form of a blackboard architecture that is controlled by a rule-based production system.

Finegan, Michael K., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1974

An automated and repeatable data analysis procedure for remote sensing applications

A new multispectral data analysis procedure, based on LARSYS, has been developed which substantially reduces the influence of the analyst. The analysis is automated, including the interpretation of clustering results. The classification results obtained are repeatable and not biased by analyst subjectivity during the analysis.

Davis, B. J.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Earth resources multispectral photography

The Skylab multispectral photographic facility has been designed to provide geometrically and photometrically calibrated imagery from space. The cameras and data analysis equipment will be described, and examples of automated analysis techniques under development will be shown.

Sasser, J. H.↗

NASA NTRS2020

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BENCHMARK EXAMPLES FOR MIXED-MODE I/II FATIGUE GROWTH PREDICTIONS

The development of benchmark examples for assessing growth prediction capabilities is presented and demonstrated for a commercial code. The examples are based on finite element models of Mixed-Mode Bending (MMB) specimens for three different mode ratios. The examples are independent of the analysis software used and allow the assessment of the automated delamination propagation, onset and growth prediction capabilities in commercial finite element codes based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). First, based on existing results for delamination propagation under static loading, new benchmark examples for delamination growth under fatigue loading were created. Second, starting from an initially straight front, the delamination was allowed to grow under fatigue loading. The number of cycles to delamination onset and the number of cycles during delamination growth for each growth increment were obtained from the automated analysis and compared to the benchmark examples. Good agreement between the results obtained from the growth analysis and the benchmark results could be achieved by selecting the appropriate input parameters. The benchmarking procedure proved valuable by highlighting the issues associated with choosing the input parameters of the particular implementation. Overall the results from automatic propagation are encouraging, however, selecting the appropriate input parameters was not straightforward and often required an iterative procedure.

Composites↗

NASA NTRS1980

Automated quantitative muscle biopsy analysis system

An automated system to aid the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases by producing fiber size histograms utilizing histochemically stained muscle biopsy tissue. Televised images of the microscopic fibers are processed electronically by a multi-microprocessor computer, which isolates, measures, and classifies the fibers and displays the fiber size distribution. The architecture of the multi-microprocessor computer, which is iterated to any required degree of complexity, features a series of individual microprocessors P.sub.n each receiving data from a shared memory M.sub.n-1 and outputing processed data to a separate shared memory M.sub.n+1 under control of a program stored in dedicated memory M.sub.n.

Castleman, Kenneth R.↗

NASA NTRS2012

Statechart Analysis with Symbolic PathFinder

We report here on our on-going work that addresses the automated analysis and test case generation for software systems modeled using multiple Statechart formalisms. The work is motivated by large programs such as NASA Exploration, that involve multiple systems that interact via safety-critical protocols and are designed with different Statechart variants. To verify these safety-critical systems, we have developed Polyglot, a framework for modeling and analysis of model-based software written using different Statechart formalisms. Polyglot uses a common intermediate representation with customizable Statechart semantics and leverages the analysis and test generation capabilities of the Symbolic PathFinder tool. Polyglot is used as follows: First, the structure of the Statechart model (expressed in Matlab Stateflow or Rational Rhapsody) is translated into a common intermediate representation (IR). The IR is then translated into Java code that represents the structure of the model. The semantics are provided as "pluggable" modules.

Pasareanu, Corina S.↗

NASA NTRS1985

SSME structural dynamic model development, phase 2

A set of test correlated mathematical models of the SSME High Pressure Oxygen Turbopump (HPOTP) housing and rotor assembly was produced. New analysis methods within the EISI/EAL and SPAR systems were investigated and runstreams for future use were developed. The LOX pump models have undergone extensive modification since the first phase of this effort was completed. The rotor assembly from the original model was abandoned and a new, more detailed model constructed. A description of the new rotor math model is presented. Also, the pump housing model was continually modified as additional test data have become available. This model is documented along with measured test results. Many of the more advanced features of the EAL/SPAR finite element analysis system were exercised. These included the cyclic symmetry option, the macro-element procedures, and the fluid analysis capability. In addition, a new tool was developed that allows an automated analysis of a disjoint structure in terms of its component modes. A complete description of the implementation of the Craig-Bampton method is given along with two worked examples.

Foley, M. J.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Capturing and Analyzing Requirements with FRET

FRET is an open source tool, developed at NASA Ames, for writing, understanding, formalizing, and analyzing requirements. In practice, requirements are typically written in natural language, which is ambiguous and consequently not amenable to formal analysis. Since formal, mathematical notations are unintuitive, requirements in FRET are entered in a restricted, natural language, called FRETish with precise unambiguous meaning. FRET helps users write FRETish requirements both by providing grammar information and examples during editing, but also through English and diagrammatic explanations to clarify subtle semantic issues. For each requirement, FRET automatically produces formalizations and supports interactive simulation of produced formalizations to ensure that they capture user intentions. Through its analysis portal, FRET connects to analysis tools by exporting verification code. Currently FRET connects to (1) the CoCoSim automated analysis tool for the verification of Simulink and Stateflow models, and (2) the Copilot runtime monitoring tool for the analysis of C programs. FRET also supports the consistency/realizability analysis of requirements for identifying conflicting requirements. In this tutorial, we introduce FRET and learn to speak and analyze FRETish through several examples.

FRET↗

NASA NTRS2019

Bridging the Gap Between Requirements and Model Analysis: Evaluation on Cyber-Physical Challenge Problems

We present a framework for introducing high-level requirement specifications in the automated analysis of dataflow models. By integrating the FRET requirements elicitation tool with the CoCoSim analyzer, our framework enables the analysis of hierarchical Simulink models against requirements written in a restricted English language. More precisely, we support: automatic extraction of Simulink model information and association of high-level requirements with target model signals and components; translation of temporal logic formulas into synchronous dataflow CoCoSpec specifications as well as Simulink monitors; and interpretation of counterexamples produced by the analysis both at the requirement and model level. The features provided by our framework are generic and can be used to integrate other requirements elicitation and Simulink/Lustre analysis tools. We report on the lessons learned from the application of our approach to the Lockheed Martin Cyber-Physical, aerospace-inspired challenge problems. For the analysis, we used the Kind2, Zustre, and Simulink Design Verifier (SLDV) tools.

Simulink↗

NASA NTRS2013

The NASA Fireball Network

In the summer of 2008, the NASA Meteoroid Environments Office (MEO) began to establish a video fireball network, based on the following objectives: (1) determine the speed distribution of cm size meteoroids, (2) determine the major sources of cm size meteoroids (showers/sporadic sources), (3) characterize meteor showers (numbers, magnitudes, trajectories, orbits), (4) determine the size at which showers dominate the meteor flux, (5) discriminate between re-entering space debris and meteors, and 6) locate meteorite falls. In order to achieve the above with the limited resources available to the MEO, it was necessary that the network function almost fully autonomously, with very little required from humans in the areas of upkeep or analysis. With this in mind, the camera design and, most importantly, the ASGARD meteor detection software were adopted from the University of Western Ontario's Southern Ontario Meteor Network (SOMN), as NASA has a cooperative agreement with Western's Meteor Physics Group. 15 cameras have been built, and the network now consists of 8 operational cameras, with at least 4 more slated for deployment in calendar year 2013. The goal is to have 15 systems, distributed in two or more groups east of automatic analysis; every morning, this server also automatically generates an email and a web page (http://fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov) containing an automated analysis of the previous night's events. This analysis provides the following for each meteor: UTC date and time, speed, start and end locations (longitude, latitude, altitude), radiant, shower identification, light curve (meteor absolute magnitude as a function of time), photometric mass, orbital elements, and Tisserand parameter. Radiant/orbital plots and various histograms (number versus speed, time, etc) are also produced. After more than four years of operation, over 5,000 multi-station fireballs have been observed, 3 of which potentially dropped meteorites. A database containing data on all these events, including the videos and calibration information, has been developed and is being modified to include data from the SOMN and other camera networks.

Cooke, William J.↗