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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Photocatalytic studies of Ho–Zr–O nano-composite with controllable composition and defects

With the help of sol–gel method assisted by melting salt, a series of Ho–Zr–O nano-composite with controllable composition and defects have been successfully prepared. Characterization results show that the positions, intensity, and width of the X-ray diffraction peaks of the products have a regular variation with the increase of zirconium element which implies the gradual changes of crystal spacing and product size. At the same time, the molar ratios between holmium and zirconium ions are consistent with the chemical formula and both of them are uniformly distributed in products further showing the perfect formation of targeted materials. Optical properties reveal that diversified defect forms of Ho–Zr–O nano-composite lead to the different absorptions of visible light. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrate Zr{sub 0.8}Ho{sub 0.2}O{sub 2−δ} nano-crystals have excellent visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activities on some familiar dyes (e.g.: methylene blue and Rhodamine B) which results from the special defect structure, better absorption of visible light and larger specific surface area. It follows that Zr{sub 0.8}Ho{sub 0.2}O{sub 2−δ} nano-crystals are a new kind of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts with better prospects in conversion and utilization of solar energy. Also, the present melting salt assisted route might be generalized to synthesize other AxByOz composite oxide nano-crystals with more complicated structures. - Highlights: • Ho–Zr–O nano-composite with controllable composition and defects has been obtained. • Diversified defect forms of products lead to the different visible light absorption. • Zr{sub 0.8}Ho{sub 0.2}O{sub 2−δ} nano-crystals have excellent photocatalytic activities.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

A review of long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites [A review of long fibre-reinforced thermoplastic of long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites]

Long fibre-reinforced thermoplastic or long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites possess superior specific modulus and strength, excellent impact resistance, and other advantages such as ease of processability, recyclability, and excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages make LFT composites one of the most advanced lightweight engineering materials and enable their increasing use in various applications. This review paper summarizes the research and development work that has been conducted on LFT composites since their initial development. Different aspects of LFTs, such as process development, fibre orientation distribution (FOD), fibre length distribution (FLD), and their effects on the mechanical properties of LFT composites are described. The characterization of the FOD and FLD in the LFT composites using advanced imaging technology such as high-resolution 3D micro-CT scanning technique is summarized. Research and development of LFT hybridisation and LFT additives are also discussed. Lastly, conclusions are made and the future outlook of LFT composites is given.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Metal-silicate Partitioning and Its Role in Core Formation and Composition on Super-Earths

We use a thermodynamic framework for silicate-metal partitioning to determine the possible compositions of metallic cores on super-Earths. We compare results using literature values of the partition coefficients of Si and Ni, as well as new partition coefficients calculated using results from laser shock-induced melting of powdered metal-dunite targets at pressures up to 276 GPa, which approaches those found within the deep mantles of super-Earths. We find that larger planets may have little to no light elements in their cores because the Si partition coefficient decreases at high pressures. The planet mass at which this occurs will depend on the metal-silicate equilibration depth. We also extrapolate the equations of state (EOS) of FeO and FeSi alloys to high pressures, and present mass–radius diagrams using self-consistent planet compositions assuming equilibrated mantles and cores. We confirm the results of previous studies that the distribution of elements between mantle and core will not be detectable from mass and radius measurements alone. While observations may be insensitive to interior structure, further modeling is sensitive to compositionally dependent properties, such as mantle viscosity and core freeze-out properties. We therefore emphasize the need for additional high pressure measurements of partitioning as well as EOSs, and highlight the utility of the Sandia Z-facilities for this type of work.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Local environment and composition of magnesium gallium layered double hydroxides determined from solid-state {sup 1}H and {sup 71}Ga NMR spectroscopy

Ordering of gallium(III) in a series of magnesium gallium (MgGa) layered double hydroxides (LDHs), [Mg{sub 1−x}Ga{sub x}(OH){sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub x}·yH{sub 2}O] was investigated using solid-state {sup 1}H and {sup 71}Ga NMR spectroscopy as well as powder X-ray diffraction. Three different proton environments from Mg{sub 3}-OH, Mg{sub 2}Ga-OH and intergallery water molecules were assigned and quantified using ({sup 1}H,{sup 71}Ga) HETCOR and {sup 1}H MAS NMR. A single {sup 71}Ga site originating from the unique Ga site in the MgGa LDH's was observed in {sup 71}Ga MAS and 3QMAS NMR spectra. Both {sup 1}H MAS NMR spectra recorded at 21.1 T (900 MHz) and elemental analysis show that the synthesized MgGa LDH's had a lower Mg:Ga ratio than that of the starting reactant solution. The origin of this is the formation of soluble [Ga(OH){sub 4}]{sup −} complexes formed during synthesis, and not due to formation of insoluble gallium (oxy)hydroxides. No sign of Ga-O-Ga connectivities or defects were detected for the MgGa LDH's. - Graphical abstract: Two types of hydroxides groups are observed in magnesium gallium layered double hydroxides revealing an ordering of Ga in the cation layer. - Highlights: • Ga is ordered in our magnesium gallium layered double hydroxides. • Ga depletion due to formation of soluble Ga complexes during synthesis. • No sign of Ga rich regions in magnesium gallium LDHs. • Solid state {sup 1}H and {sup 71}Ga give detailed insight into the structure.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Tuning the electronic structure of SrTiO{sub 3}/SrFeO{sub 3−x} superlattices via composition and vacancy control

Using density functional theory-based calculations, we explore the effects of oxygen vacancies and epitaxial layering on the atomic, magnetic, and electronic structure of (SrTiO{sub 3}){sub n}(SrFeO{sub 3−x}){sub 1} superlattices. While structures without oxygen vacancies (x = 0) possess small or non-existent band gaps and ferromagnetic ordering in their iron layers, those with large vacancy concentrations (x = 0.5) have much larger gaps and antiferromagnetic ordering. Though the computed gaps depend numerically on the delicate energetic balance of vacancy ordering and on the value of Hubbard U{sub eff} used in the calculations, we demonstrate that changes in layering can tune the band gaps of these superlattices below that of SrTiO{sub 3} (3.2 eV) by raising their valence band maxima. This suggests the possibility that these superlattices could absorb in the solar spectrum, and could serve as water-splitting photocatalysts.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electronic and magnetic properties of manganite thin films with different compositions and its correlation with transport properties: An X-ray resonant magnetic scattering study

Here, we present x-ray resonant magnetic dichroism and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering measurements of the temperature dependence of magnetism in Pr-doped La-Ca-Mn-O films grown on (110) NdGaO{sub 3} substrates. We observed thermal hysteresis of the ferromagnetism in one film that also showed large thermal hysteresis of ∼18 K in transport measurements. While in a second film of a different nominal chemistry, which showed very small thermal hysteresis ∼3 K in transport measurements, no thermal hysteresis of the ferromagnetism was observed. These macroscopic properties are correlated with evolution of surface magnetization across metal insulator transition for these films as observed by soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering measurements.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗