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NASA NTRS2017

NASA Curation Preparation for Ryugu Sample Returned by JAXA's Hayabusa2 Mission

The NASA OSIRIS-REx and JAXA Hayabusa2 missions to near-Earth asteroids Bennu and Ryugu share similar mission goals of understanding the origins of primitive, organic-rich asteroids. Under an agreement between JAXA and NASA, there is an on-going and productive collaboration between science teams of Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx missions. Under this agreement, a portion of each of the returned sample masses will be exchanged between the agencies and the scientific results of their study will be shared. NASA’s portion of the returned Hayabusa2 sample, consisting of 10% of the returned mass, will be jointly separated by NASA and JAXA. The sample will be legally and physically transferred to NASA’s dedicated Hayabusa2 curation facility at Johnson Space Center (JSC) no later than one year after the return of the Hayabusa2 sample to Earth (December 2020). The JSC Hayabusa2 curation cleanroom facility design has now been completed. In the same manner, JAXA will receive 0.5% of the total returned OSIRIS-REx sample (minimum required sample to return 60 g, maximum sample return capacity of 2 kg) from the rest of the specimen. No later than one year after the return of the OSIRIS-REx sample to Earth (September 2023), legal, physical, and permanent custody of this sample subset will be transferred to JAXA, and the sample subset will be brought to JAXA’s Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center (ESCuC) at Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara City Japan.

Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko↗
NASA NTRS2018

Microbial Ecology of NASA Curation Clean Rooms

Clean room standards like ISO 14644 used for facilities that construct spacecraft and store returned samples do not explicitly account for microbial contamination. While there are associated ISO standards for monitoring and controlling bio-contamination in clean rooms it is not always standard practice to do so. The NASA Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office maintains seven separate clean labs for storing extraterrestrial samples from the Moon, meteorites, cosmic dust, asteroids, comets, solar wind particles, and microparticle impact samples. These labs are routinely monitored for particulate and trace metal contamination. However, the sample collections are either non-sterile at the time of collection (e.g., meteorites) or are no longer being used to address scientific questions that could be affected by non-sterile conditions (e.g., Lunar samples). Outside of isolated studies there has not been a systematic, longitudinal characterization of the microbial ecology of NASA curation clean rooms. In accordance with the advanced curation initiative, and to prepare for future sample return missions, we have initiated a routine microbiological monitoring program in the Antarctic Meteorite Lab. This monitoring program will be used to determine what microbes are capable of surviving in these oligotrophic environments and whether or not they are capable of altering the sample collections in any significant manner. Repeat sampling will allow us to understand how routine use of these labs affects the microbial ecology over time.

Regberg, A. B.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Recent Developments in the Curation of Cold, Volatile-Rich Extraterrestrial Samples

In recent years, the study of samples from cold, potentially volatile-rich Solar System bodies has increased dramatically. Returned samples from low- or cryogenic-temperature regions are highly sensitive to ambient temperatures, pressures, and materials. In order to maximize the scientific utility of such samples, they must be returned, handled, and stored under conditions that minimize sample alteration and contamination. The Johnson Space Center (JSC) Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office (hereafter called the Curation Office) is currently developing the ability to curate cold, volatile-rich samples; this abstract summarizes these efforts for Apollo lunar samples, organic-rich meteorites, comet samples, and lunar polar samples.

Mitchell, J. L.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture – Creation, Curation, and Dissemination

The U.S. spacesuit is a special system that has intrigued and fascinated the world since Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon in 1969. With over 50 years since that momentous achievement, NASA is planning to land the first woman and next man on the Moon in the near future. This goal begets the need to build a new spacesuit, a spacesuit created from the legacy knowledge of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), combined with knowledge gained from technology development over the decades. As NASA transitions to its new horizon, the U.S. Spacesuit Knowledge Capture (SKC) Program is poised to help. The SKC Program’s primary function has been to capture, curate, and disseminate spacesuit-related knowledge among scientists, engineers, and technicians. The SKC Program was created in 2007 to capture knowledge primarily from spacesuit subject-matter experts (SMEs) who were retiring from NASA. These SMEs had 30 to 50 years of spacesuit knowledge. Over the years, the SKC Program has evolved and expanded its scope with a current focus on complementing the buildup of the Exploration EMU (xEMU) at the Johnson Space Center. As part of this focus, the SKC Program recently teamed with the xEMU Community of Practice (CoP) for knowledge sharing. The xEMU CoP provides a forum where early career engineers, professionals new to human spaceflight, and the xEMU community can come together regularly to seek guidance, share knowledge, meet their peers, discover resources, and ask questions. The CoP created an environment where the knowledge can be easily and routinely captured and recorded. The recorded events are archived and curated in an SKC Program library and disseminated as appropriate. This paper details the roles that the SKC Program and CoP play in the xEMU buildup, along with the navigation of the creation, curation, and dissemination processes.

Cinda Chullen↗
NASA NTRS1998

Curation of US Martian Meteorites Collected in Antarctica

To date the ANSMET field team has collected five martian meteorites (see below) in Antarctica and returned them for curation at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) Meteorite Processing Laboratory (MPL). ne meteorites were collected with the clean procedures used by ANSMET in collecting all meteorites: They were handled with JSC-cleaned tools, packaged in clean bags, and shipped frozen to JSC. The five martian meteorites vary significantly in size (12-7942 g) and rock type (basalts, lherzolites, and orthopyroxenite). Detailed descriptions are provided in the Mars Meteorite compendium, which describes classification, curation and research results. A table gives the names, classifications and original and curatorial masses of the martian meteorites. The MPL and measures for contamination control are described.

Lindstrom, M.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Clean and Cold Sample Curation

Curation of Mars samples includes both samples that are returned to Earth, and samples that are collected, examined, and archived on Mars. Both kinds of curation operations will require careful planning to ensure that the samples are not contaminated by the instruments that are used to collect and contain them. In both cases, sample examination and subdivision must take place in an environment that is organically, inorganically, and biologically clean. Some samples will need to be prepared for analysis under ultra-clean or cryogenic conditions. Inorganic and biological cleanliness are achievable separately by cleanroom and biosafety lab techniques. Organic cleanliness to the <50 ng/sq cm level requires material control and sorbent removal - techniques being applied in our Class 10 cleanrooms and sample processing gloveboxes.

Allen, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS2001

JSC Curation and Future Sample Return Missions

Johnson Space Center is the NASA center charged with curation of extraterrestrial samples, and is currently participating on several missions. Our experience shows that curation efforts need to start early, during mission planning and mission design. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Cyr, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS2003

An Extraction and Curation Technique for Particles Captured in Aerogel Collectors

In 2006, the STARDUST mission will return samples of cometary, interplanetary and interstellar dust captured in aerogel collectors. The curation strategy (or strategies) for STARDUST remain to be defined. Here we present a technique for curation of particles captured in aerogel which will simultaneously preserve the entire particle track, and could allow for the elemental in situ analysis of both the particle residue at the terminus of the track and any particle residues located along the track. This builds on work that we have previously reported elsewhere.

Westphal, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Genesis Contingency Planning and Mishap Recovery: The Sample Curation View

Planning for sample preservation and curation was part of mission design from the beginning. One of the scientific objectives for Genesis included collecting samples of three regimes of the solar wind in addition to collecting bulk solar wind during the mission. Collectors were fabricated in different thicknesses for each regime of the solar wind and attached to separate frames exposed to the solar wind during specific periods of solar activity associated with each regime. The original plan to determine the solar regime sampled for specific collectors was to identify to which frame the collector was attached. However, the collectors were dislodged during the hard landing making identification by frame attachment impossible. Because regimes were also identified by thickness of the collector, the regime sampled is identified by measuring fragment thickness. A variety of collector materials and thin films applied to substrates were selected and qualified for flight. This diversity provided elemental measurement in more than one material, mitigating effects of diffusion rates and/or radiation damage. It also mitigated against different material and substrate strengths resulting in differing effects of the hard landing. For example, silicon crystal substrates broke into smaller fragments than sapphire-based substrates and diamond surfaces were more resilient to flying debris damage than gold. The primary responsibility of the curation team for recovery was process documentation. Contingency planning for the recovery phase expanded this responsibility to include not only equipment to document, but also gather, contain and identify samples from the landing area and the recovered spacecraft. The team developed contingency plans for various scenarios as part of mission planning that included topographic maps to aid in site recovery and identification of different modes of transport and purge capability depending on damage. A clean tent, set-up at Utah Test & Training Range to control the environment for processing the sample return capsule and cleanly installing a nitrogen purge to the canister, was used to control the environment for extracting collector fragments from the damaged canister and to document and package over 10,000 collector fragments.

Stansbery, E. K.↗
NASA NTRS2002

The Genesis Mission: Contamination Control and Curation

The Genesis mission, launched in August 2001, is collecting samples of the solar wind and will return to Earth in 2004. Genesis can be viewed as the most fundamental of NASA's sample return missions because it is expected to provide insight into the initial elemental and isotopic composition of the solar nebula from which all other planetary objects formed. The data from this mission will have a large impact on understanding the origins and diversity of planetary materials. The collectors consist of clean, pure materials into which the solar wind will imbed. Science and engineering issues such as bulk purity, cleanliness, retention of solar wind, and ability to withstand launch and entry drove material choices. Most of the collector materials are installed on array frames that are deployed from a clean science canister. Two of the arrays are continuously exposed for collecting the bulk solar wind; the other three are only exposed during specific solar wind regimes as measured by ion and electron monitors. Other materials are housed as targets at the focal point of an electrostatic mirror, or "concentrator", designed to enhance the flux of specific solar wind species. Johnson Space Center (JSC) has two principal responsibilities for the Genesis mission: contamination control and curation. Precise and accurate measurements of the composition of the solar atoms require that the collector materials be extremely clean and well characterized before launch and during the mission. Early involvement of JSC curation personnel in concept development resulted in a mission designed to minimize contaminants from the spacecraft and operations. A major goal of the Genesis mission is to provide a reservoir of materials for the 21 51 century. When the collector materials are returned to Earth, they must be handled in a clean manner and their condition well documented. Information gained in preliminary examination of the arrays and detailed surveys of each collector will be used to guide sample allocations to the scientific community. Samples allocated for analysis are likely to be small sections of individual collectors, therefore subdividing the materials must take place in a clean, well characterized way. A major focus of current research at JSC includes identifying and characterizing the contamination, waste, and alteration of the sample when using different subdividing, transport, and storage techniques and developing protocols for reducing their impact on the scientific integrity of the mission.

Stansbery, E. K.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Nuts and Bolts - Techniques for Genesis Sample Curation

The Genesis curation staff at NASA Johnson Space Center provides samples and data for analysis to the scientific community, following allocation approval by the Genesis Oversight Committee, a sub-committee of CAPTEM (Curation Analysis Planning Team for Extraterrestrial Materials). We are often asked by investigators within the scientific community how we choose samples to best fit the requirements of the request. Here we will demonstrate our techniques for characterizing samples and satisfying allocation requests. Even with a systematic approach, every allocation is unique. We are also providing updated status of the cataloging and characterization of solar wind collectors as of January 2011. The collection consists of 3721 inventoried samples consisting of a single fragment, or multiple fragments containerized or pressed between post-it notes, jars or vials of various sizes.

Burkett, Patti J.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Developing the New Hayabusa Curation Facility at Johnson Space Center

On 25 November 2005 the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Hayabusa spacecraft made contact with the asteroid 25143 Itokawa and collected a small amount of regolith dust from Muses Sea region of smooth terrain [1]. Even though optimal sample collection did not occur, the spacecraft returned to Earth with more than 10,000 grains ranging in the size from 30-180 microns [2]. These grains represent the only collection of pristine material returned from an asteroid by a spacecraft. As part of the joint agreement between JAXA and NASA for the mission, 10% of the Hayabusa grains will be transferred to NASA for parallel curation and allocation, the first 15 of which arrived in December 2011. In order to properly receive and process these samples, a new curation facility was developed at Johnson Space Center (JSC).

De Gregorio, B. T.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Organic Contamination Baseline Study on NASA JSC Astromaterial Curation Gloveboxes

Future planned sample return missions to carbon-rich asteroids and Mars in the next two decades will require strict handling and curation protocols as well as new procedures for reducing organic contamination. After the Apollo program, astromaterial collections have mainly been concerned with inorganic contamination [1-4]. However, future isolation containment systems for astromaterials, possibly nitrogen enriched gloveboxes, must be able to reduce organic and inorganic cross-contamination. In 2012, a baseline study was orchestrated to establish the current state of organic cleanliness in gloveboxes used by NASA JSC astromaterials curation labs that could be used as a benchmark for future mission designs.

Calaway, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Curation of Microscopic Astromaterials by NASA: "Gathering Dust Since 1981"

Employing the philosophy that "Small is Beautiful", NASA has been collecting and curating microscopic astromaterials since 1981. These active collections now include interplanetary dust collected in Earth's stratosphere by U-2, ER-2 and WB-57F aircraft (the Cosmic Dust Program - our motto is "Gathering dust since 1981"), comet Wild-2 coma dust (the Stardust Mission), modern interstellar dust (also the Stardust Mission), asteroid Itokawa regolith dust (the Hayabusa Mission - joint curation with JAXA-ISAS), and interplanetary dust impact features on recovered portions of the following spacecraft: Skylab, the Solar Maximum Satellite, the Palapa Satellite, the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), the MIR Space Station, the International Space Station, and the Hubble Space Telescope (all in the Space Exposed Hardware Laboratory).

Frank, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Aggregation Tool to Create Curated Data albums to Support Disaster Recovery and Response

Despite advances in science and technology of prediction and simulation of natural hazards, losses incurred due to natural disasters keep growing every year. Natural disasters cause more economic losses as compared to anthropogenic disasters. Economic losses due to natural hazards are estimated to be around $6-$10 billion dollars annually for the U.S. and this number keeps increasing every year. This increase has been attributed to population growth and migration to more hazard prone locations such as coasts. As this trend continues, in concert with shifts in weather patterns caused by climate change, it is anticipated that losses associated with natural disasters will keep growing substantially. One of challenges disaster response and recovery analysts face is to quickly find, access and utilize a vast variety of relevant geospatial data collected by different federal agencies such as DoD, NASA, NOAA, EPA, USGS etc. Some examples of these data sets include high spatio-temporal resolution multi/hyperspectral satellite imagery, model prediction outputs from weather models, latest radar scans, measurements from an array of sensor networks such as Integrated Ocean Observing System etc. More often analysts may be familiar with limited, but specific datasets and are often unaware of or unfamiliar with a large quantity of other useful resources. Finding airborne or satellite data useful to a natural disaster event often requires a time consuming search through web pages and data archives. Additional information related to damages, deaths, and injuries requires extensive online searches for news reports and official report summaries. An analyst must also sift through vast amounts of potentially useful digital information captured by the general public such as geo-tagged photos, videos and real time damage updates within twitter feeds. Collecting and aggregating these information fragments can provide useful information in assessing damage in real time and help direct recovery efforts. The search process for the analyst could be made much more efficient and productive if a tool could go beyond a typical search engine and provide not just links to web sites but actual links to specific data relevant to the natural disaster, parse unstructured reports for useful information nuggets, as well as gather other related reports, summaries, news stories, and images. This presentation will describe a semantic aggregation tool developed to address similar problem for Earth Science researchers. This tool provides automated curation, and creates "Data Albums" to support case studies. The generated "Data Albums" are compiled collections of information related to a specific science topic or event, containing links to relevant data files (granules) from different instruments; tools and services for visualization and analysis; information about the event contained in news reports, and images or videos to supplement research analysis. An ontology-based relevancy-ranking algorithm drives the curation of relevant data sets for a given event. This tool is now being used to generate a catalog of Hurricane Case Studies at Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC), one of NASA's Distribute Active Archive Centers. Another instance of the Data Albums tool is currently being created in collaboration with NASA/MSFC's SPoRT Center, which conducts research on unique NASA products and capabilities that can be transitioned to the operational community to solve forecast problems. This new instance focuses on severe weather to support SPoRT researchers in their model evaluation studies

Ramachandran, Rahul↗
NASA NTRS2016

Virtual Collections: An Earth Science Data Curation Service

The role of Earth science data centers has traditionally been to maintain central archives that serve openly available Earth observation data. However, in order to ensure data are as useful as possible to a diverse user community, Earth science data centers must move beyond simply serving as an archive to offering innovative data services to user communities. A virtual collection, the end product of a curation activity that searches, selects, and synthesizes diffuse data and information resources around a specific topic or event, is a data curation service that improves the discoverability, accessibility, and usability of Earth science data and also supports the needs of unanticipated users. Virtual collections minimize the amount of the time and effort needed to begin research by maximizing certainty of reward and by providing a trustworthy source of data for unanticipated users. This presentation will define a virtual collection in the context of an Earth science data center and will highlight a virtual collection case study created at the Global Hydrology Resource Center data center.

Data↗
NASA NTRS2017

Research-Grade 3D Virtual Astromaterials Samples: Novel Visualization of NASA's Apollo Lunar Samples and Antarctic Meteorite Samples to Benefit Curation, Research, and Education

NASA's vast and growing collections of astromaterials are both scientifically and culturally significant, requiring unique preservation strategies that need to be recurrently updated to contemporary technological capabilities and increasing accessibility demands. New technologies have made it possible to advance documentation and visualization practices that can enhance conservation and curation protocols for NASA's Astromaterials Collections. Our interdisciplinary team has developed a method to create 3D Virtual Astromaterials Samples (VAS) of the existing collections of Apollo Lunar Samples and Antarctic Meteorites. Research-grade 3D VAS will virtually put these samples in the hands of researchers and educators worldwide, increasing accessibility and visibility of these significant collections. With new sample return missions on the horizon, it is of primary importance to develop advanced curation standards for documentation and visualization methodologies.

Blumenfeld, E. H.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Temperature Constraints on the Storage and Curation of Volatile-Rich Samples from the Lunar Poles

Final Document is attached. Introduction: NASA's Lunar Exploration Campaign includes Lunar sample return efforts beginning in the mid-2020's and human landed missions in the late 2020's-early 2030's. Volatile-rich samples from the Lunar poles will be high-priority targets due to their resource potential for human explorers and high science value. In order to precisely characterize the nature of these polar volatile materials upon return to Earth, they will need to be transported and curated under conditions that minimize their chemical and physical alteration. NASA Policy Directive (NPD) 7100.10F mandates the preservation of existing extraterrestrial samples with minimal alteration, extensive and quantitative documentation of alteration that is provided to investigators, and "the development of long-range plans" for samples yet to be acquired. This abstract summarizes new efforts by the Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office at JSC to assess the optimal

Mitchell, J. L.↗