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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2006

Quantum Well and Quantum Dot Modeling for Advanced Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays

This viewgraph presentation reviews the modeling of Quantum Well Infrared Detectors (QWIP) and Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors (QDIP) in the development of Focal Plane Arrays (FPA). The QWIP Detector being developed is a dual band detector. It is capable of running on two bands Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) and Medium Wavelength Infrared (MWIR). The same large-format dual-band FPA technology can be applied to Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) with no modification, once QDIP exceeds QWIP in single device performance. Details of the devices are reviewed.

quantum well↗
NASA NTRS2007

640 x 512 Pixels Long-Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) Quantum-Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIP) Imaging Focal Plane Array

Epitaxially grown self-assembled. InAs-InGaAs-GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are exploited for the development of large-format long-wavelength infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs). The dot-in-a-well (DWELL) structures were experimentally shown to absorb both 45 degrees and normal incident light, therefore, a reflection grating structure was used to enhance the quantum efficiency. The devices exhibit peak responsivity out to 8.1 micrometers, with peak detectivity reaching approximately 1 X 10(exp 10) Jones at 77 K. The devices were fabricated into the first long-wavelength 640 x 512 pixel QD infrared photodetector imaging FPA, which has produced excellent infrared imagery with noise equivalent temperature difference of 40 mK at 60-K operating temperature.

quantum dots (QDs)↗
NASA NTRS2012

High Operating Temperature Midwave Quantum Dot Barrier Infrared Detector (QD-BIRD)

The nBn or XBn barrier infrared detector has the advantage of reduced dark current resulting from suppressed Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination and surface leakage. High performance detectors and focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on InAsSb absorber lattice matched to GaSb substrate, with a matching AlAsSb unipolar electron barrier, have been demonstrated. The band gap of lattice-matched InAsSb yields a detector cutoff wavelength of approximately 4.2 ??m when operating at ~150K. We report results on extending the cutoff wavelength of midwave barrier infrared detectors by incorporating self-assembled InSb quantum dots into the active area of the detector. Using this approach, we were able to extend the detector cutoff wavelength to ~6 ?m, allowing the coverage of the full midwave infrared (MWIR) transmission window. The quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD) shows infrared response at temperatures up to 225 K.

quantum dot↗
NASA NTRS2012

Complementary Barrier Infrared Detector (CBIRD) with Double Tunnel Junction Contact and Quantum Dot Barrier Infrared Detector (QD-BIRD)

The InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice based complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) has already demonstrated very good performance in long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection. In this work, we describe results on a modified CBIRD device that incorporates a double tunnel junction contact designed for robust device and focal plane array processing. The new device also exhibited reduced turn-on voltage. We also report results on the quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD). By incorporating self-assembled InSb quantum dots into the InAsSb absorber of the standard nBn detector structure, the QD-BIRD extend the detector cutoff wavelength from approximately 4.2 micrometers to 6 micrometers, allowing the coverage of the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) transmission window. The device has been observed to show infrared response at 225 K.

antimonide↗
DOE OSTI2025

Synthesis and Characterization of [Ni(H 2 O)(7-P Ph 2 N ArSO3 ) 2 ](NaBF 4 ) for Light-Driven Quantum Dot-Catalyst Hydrogen Evolution

Light-driven hydrogen generation from water is a route to carbon-neutral fuels. However, the integrated light absorbers and catalysts must be compatible and functional under the same conditions. A sulfate-functionalized complex, [Ni(H 2 O)(7-P Ph 2 N ArSO3 ) 2 ](NaBF 4 ), where P Ph 2 N ArSO3 = 4-(3,6-diphenyl-1,3,6-azadiphosphepan-1-yl)benzenesulfonate), was synthesized and characterized. A solid-state structure from single-crystal X-ray crystallography is also reported. The electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of this complex in 7:3 H 2 O:CH 3 CN was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis, with a maximum observed rate of 83 s –1 . Density functional theory was used to characterize the favorable binding of the sulfate functionalities to cadmium sulfide quantum dots. Experimental assembly of these catalysts onto cadmium sulfide quantum dots was successful. In conclusion, both fast electron transfer and light-driven pH-dependent hydrogen evolution were observed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Efficient Mn 2+ Doping in Non-Stoichiometric Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Quantum Dots

Doping magnetic transition metal ions (e.g., Mn 2+ ) into colloidal quantum dots endows novel optical and magnetic properties to the host materials. CsPbBr 3 quantum dots (QDs) are emerging light-emitting materials with high structural and chemical flexibility in the visible spectral regime. However, efficiently doping Mn 2+ ions in CsPbBr 3 QDs remains challenging, especially when size confinement and ensemble uniformity are needed for understanding the underexplored exciton-dopant exchange interaction. Here, we introduce a doping mechanism based on electrostatic surface Mn 2+ adsorption that enables efficient Mn 2+ incorporation in strongly confined CsPbBr 3 QDs. The resultant QDs are found to have a Cs-deficient stoichiometry compared to their undoped counterparts. A redox reaction-based purification method was developed to remove Mn 2+ cations that are tightly adsorbed on the surface to determine the concentration of lattice-incorporated Mn 2+ . Our synthesis enables a Mn 2+ doping/alloying concentration of up to ∼44% with a Mn 2+ photoluminescence efficiency exceeding 90%. This allows for the determination of the intrinsic exciton-to-dopant energy transfer rate.

Hidayatova, Lamia [Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (↗
DOE OSTI2024

An octahedral Mach B-dot probe for 3D flows and magnetic fields in the edge of reversed field pinches

Measurements and simulations show that plasma relaxation processes in the reversed field pinch drive and redistribute both magnetic flux and momentum. To examine this relaxation process, a new 3D Mach B-dot probe has been constructed. This probe collects ion saturation currents through six molybdenum electrodes arranged on the flattened vertices of an octahedron made of boron nitride (BN). The ion saturation current flows through configurable voltage dividers for measurement and returns through one of six selectable return electrodes equally spaced along the 12 cm BN probe arm. In addition, the probe arm houses three B-dot magnetic pickup coils in the BN stalk immediately below to the octahedron, to measure the local magnetic field. Inserted in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) during deuterium discharges with 220 kA plasma current, density of 0.8 × 10 13 cm –3 , the probe collects ion saturation currents with sawtooth-like peaks correlated with relaxation events. This compact octahedral design fitting six Mach electrode surfaces within a 1 cm3 cube will enable future multi-point, multi-field probes compatible with the 1.5 in. ports of MST. Such probes will allow for flow circulation, current, and canonical vorticity to be calculated in the center of the finite difference stencil formed by the measurement locations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Crystalline-symmetry-protected Majorana modes in coupled quantum dots

We propose a minimalist architecture for achieving various crystalline-symmetry-protected Majorana modes in an array of coupled quantum dots. Our framework is motivated by the recent experimental demonstrations of two-site and three-site artificial Kitaev chains in a similar setup. We find that introducing a π-phase domain wall in the Kitaev chain leads to a pair of mirror-protected Majorana zero modes located at or near the junction. Joining two π junctions into a closed loop, we can simulate two distinct classes of two-dimensional higher-order topological superconducting phases, both carrying symmetry-protected Majorana modes around the sample corners. As an extension of the π junction, we further consider a general vertex structure where n Kitaev chains meet, i.e., a Kitaev n vertex. We prove that such an n vertex, if respecting a dihedral symmetry group D n , necessarily carries n vertex-bound Majorana modes protected by the D n symmetry. Resilience of the junction and vertex Majorana bound states against disorder and correlation effects is also discussed. Our architecture paves the way for designing, constructing, and exploring a wide variety of artificial topological crystalline phases in quantum-dot experiments.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thermal Stability of the Dot-in-Well Gain Medium for Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers

Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) embedded in InGaAs quantum wells (QWs) are used as active regions for photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). An epitaxial regrowth method is developed to fabricate the dot-in-well (DWELL) PCSELs. Here, the epitaxial regrowth starts with the growth of a partial laser structure containing bottom cladding, waveguide, active region, and the photonic crystal (PC) layer. The PC layer is patterned to realize the cavity. Subsequently a top cladding layer is regrown to complete the laser structure. During the regrowth of the top cladding layer, the partial laser structure is subjected to high growth temperatures in excess of 600 °C resulting in an unintentional annealing of the active region. This annealing of the active region can alter the QDs by changing their size resulting in a blue shift in photoluminescence (PL) and narrowing PL emission. This effect results in the misaligning of the gain peak and the cavity resonance, resulting in sub-optimal lasing performance. DWELL active regions are known to have better thermal stability compared to both QDs and QWs and could be an ideal candidate for regrown PCSELs. We successfully demonstrate an optically-pumped epitaxially-regrown DWELL PCSEL with an emission wavelength of 1230 nm operating at room temperature. Furthermore, the DWELL active region shows excellent emission wavelength stability and intensity despite the high temperature regrowth process.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Computational Analysis of Hydraulic Efficiency of Michigan DOT Covers J and K

Drainage structures are used in urban street and highway systems to capture stormwater runoff. These structures typically consist of catch basins fitted with grates, inlets, or combination grate/inlet configurations that collect runoff and convey it through buried drainage systems. They are strategically placed within curb-and-gutter systems to enhance public safety by efficiently removing water from roadways and thereby reducing the risk of hydroplaning. The performance of drainage structures is commonly evaluated in terms of hydraulic efficiency, defined as the percentage of flow captured by the basin relative to the total flow reaching the structure. Understanding the hydraulic performance of these structures allows designers to properly space inlets, resulting in cost-effective designs that also help ensure the safety of the traveling public. MDOT uses a variety of drainage structures for runoff capture, as documented in Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) Drainage Manual. Many of these structures incorporate sinusoidal-type grates that are not addressed in HEC-22. Because physical modeling of these structures has been limited, further analysis is needed to verify their capture efficiency. Under current MDOT practice, the capture efficiency of these grates is estimated by assuming performance similar to that of a comparably sized reticuline grate described in HEC22. The first phase of this effort, titled Computational Analysis of Hydraulic Efficiency of Michigan DOT Cover C, focused on evaluating the hydraulic performance of MDOT’s Cover C grate. Cover C was selected as the initial test candidate because its sinusoidal pattern is representative of other MDOT grates, while it is typically used in high-volume, higher-speed applications. A similar version, Cover CX, is used on interstate highways but does not include transverse bars for bicycle safety. The current second phase of the study expands this work to evaluate MDOT’s Covers J and K. These grates were selected for additional analysis to further assess the hydraulic performance of MDOT drainage structures that are not directly represented by grate configurations in HEC-22. The results of this phase will build on the findings from the Cover C analysis and support improved understanding of the capture efficiency of MDOT’s standard drainage grates. This report is intended to serve as a companion document to the earlier study, Computational Analysis of Hydraulic Efficiency of Michigan DOT Cover C [3]. The present work applies the same overall CFD-based evaluation approach to MDOT Covers J and K and compares the resulting performance trends with those previously identified for Cover C. In particular, both studies assess on-grade interception efficiency, sag-location hydraulic capacity, and the effects of partial obstruction relative to HEC-22-based design estimates.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1966

Dot patterns provide reproducible flaw areas for study of adhesive bonds

Photographic production of a small-dot pattern of known geometry on the surface of a substrate for controlled area degradation enables a study of adhesive bond strengths. These dot patterns may also be applied to force-limiting devices which must depend on the adhesive bonding strength between mating surfaces.

Frank, L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. IX - Umbral dots and longitudinal overstability

The dynamical properties of the sunspot field and of a column of hot gas confined by such a vertical magnetic field are examined in order to understand the umbral dot within the context of the magnetic sunspot structure. Attention is given to the conditions necessary for gas intrusion, longitudinal as well as convective overstability, the growing modes, and the even mode. With the hypothesis that the subsurface magnetic field of a sunspot splits into many separate flux tubes with field-free gas between, it is suggested that the field-free columns occasionally punch their way up through the overlying magnetic field to the surface, appearing there as the bright, field-free umbral dots. Effects fostering the phenomenon are also discussed, that is, the enhanced temperature of a column of rising gas, the strongly reduced overhead magnetic pressure, and the initiated upward intrusion; these effects are illustrated with examples.

Parker, E. N.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Momentum Transfer Studies and Studies of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Metal Colloids and Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Phase 1 of this work involved design work on a momentum transfer device. The progress on design and testing will be presented. Phase 2 involved the systematic study of the MPD thruster for dual uses. Though it was designed as a thruster for space vehicles, the characteristics of the plasma make it an excellent candidate for industrial applications. This project sought to characterize the system for use in materials processing and characterization. The surface modification on ZnCdTe, CdTe, and ZnTe will be presented. Phase 3 involved metal colloids and semiconductor quantum dots. One aspect of this project involves a collaborative effort with the Solid State Division of ORNL. The thrust behind this research is to develop ion implantation for synthesizing novel materials (quantum dots wires and wells, and metal colloids) for applications in all optical switching devices, up conversion, and the synthesis of novel refractory materials. The ions of interest are Au, Ag, Cd, Se, In, P, Sb, Ga, and As. The specific materials of interest are: CdSe, CdTe, InAs, GaAs, InP, GaP, InSb, GaSb, and InGaAs. A second aspect of this research program involves using porous glass (25-200 A) for fabricating materials of finite size. The results of some of this work will also be reported.

Collins, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Dot Projection Photogrammetric Technique for Shape Measurements of Aerospace Test Articles

Results from initial laboratory investigations with the dot projection photogrammetric technique are presented for three wind-tunnel test articles with a range of surface scattering and reflection properties. These test articles are a semispan model and a micro air vehicle with a latex wing that are both diffusely reflecting, and a highly polished specularly reflecting model used for high Reynolds number testing. Results using both white light and laser illumination are presented. Some of the advantages and limitations of the dot projection technique are discussed. Although a desirable final outcome of this research effort is the characterization of dynamic behavior, only static laboratory results are presented in this preliminary effort.

Jones, Thomas W.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Path perception during rotation: influence of instructions, depth range, and dot density

How do observers perceive their direction of self-motion when traveling on a straight path while their eyes are rotating? Our previous findings suggest that information from retinal flow and extra-retinal information about eye movements are each sufficient to solve this problem for both perception and active control of self-motion [Vision Res. 40 (2000) 3873; Psych. Sci. 13 (2002) 485]. In this paper, using displays depicting translation with simulated eye rotation, we investigated how task variables such as instructions, depth range, and dot density influenced the visual system's reliance on retinal vs. extra-retinal information for path perception during rotation. We found that path errors were small when observers expected to travel on a straight path or with neutral instructions, but errors increased markedly when observers expected to travel on a curved path. Increasing depth range or dot density did not improve path judgments. We conclude that the expectation of the shape of an upcoming path can influence the interpretation of the ambiguous retinal flow. A large depth range and dense motion parallax are not essential for accurate path perception during rotation, but reference objects and a large field of view appear to improve path judgments.

Space Perception/physiology↗
NASA NTRS2003

Prospects for an Improved Measurement of Experimental Limit on G-dot

The orbital motion of an ultra-drag-free satellite, such as the large test body of the SEE (Satellite Energy Exchange) satellite, known as the "Shepherd," may possibly provide the best test for time variation of the gravitational constant G at the level of parts in 10(exp 14). Scarcely anything could be more significant scientifically than the incontestable discovery that a fundamental "constant" of Nature is not constant. A finding of non-zero (G-dot)/G would clearly mark the boundaries where general relativity is valid, and specify the onset of new physics. The requirements for measuring G-dot at the level proposed by SEE will require great care in treating perturbation forces. In the present paper we concentrate on the methods for dealing with the gravitational field due to possible large manufacturing defects in the SEE observatory. We find that, with adequate modeling of the perturbation forces and cancellation methods, the effective time-averaged acceleration on the SEE Shepherd will be approx. 10(exp -18) g (10(exp -17) m/sq s).

Sanders, Alvin J.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Effects of dislocations in Stranski-Krastanow quantum dots

The interrelations between structural and optical properties in Strasnki-Krastanow (S-K) quantum dots are examined trough different experiments that explore III-V quantum dots (QD) formation.

nanotechnology ordered structure photoiluminescenc↗
NASA NTRS2003

Laterally Coupled Quantum-Dot Distributed-Feedback Lasers

InAs quantum-dot lasers that feature distributed feedback and lateral evanescent- wave coupling have been demonstrated in operation at a wavelength of 1.3 m. These lasers are prototypes of optical-communication oscillators that are required to be capable of stable single-frequency, single-spatial-mode operation. A laser of this type (see figure) includes an active layer that comprises multiple stacks of InAs quantum dots embedded within InGaAs quantum wells. Distributed feedback is provided by gratings formed on both sides of a ridge by electron lithography and reactive-ion etching on the surfaces of an AlGaAs/GaAs waveguide. The lateral evanescent-wave coupling between the gratings and the wave propagating in the waveguide is strong enough to ensure operation at a single frequency, and the waveguide is thick enough to sustain a stable single spatial mode. In tests, the lasers were found to emit continuous-wave radiation at temperatures up to about 90 C. Side modes were found to be suppressed by more than 30 dB.

Qui, Yueming↗