An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Yost, E.↗
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Estuarine and coastal water dynamics controlling sediment movement and plume development in Long Island Sound
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Ruggles, F. H., Jr.↗
An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters
The author has identified the following significant results. The synoptic repetitive coverage of the multispectral imagery from the ERTS-1 satellite, when photographically reprocessed using the state-of-the-art techniques, has given indication of spectral differences in Block Island and adjacent New England waters which were heretofore unknown. Of particular interest was the possible detection of relatively small amounts of phytoplankton prior to the occurrence of the red tide in Massachusetts waters. Preparation of spatial and temporal hydrographic charts using ERTS-1 imagery and ground truth analysis will hopefully determine the environmental impact on New York coastal waters.
Yost, E.↗
Estuarine and coastal water dynamics controlling sediment movement and plume development in Long Island Sound
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Ruggles, F. H., Jr.↗
Estuarine and coastal water dynamics controlling sediment movement and plume development in Long Island Sound
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Ruggles, F. H., Jr.↗
An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Yost, E.↗
An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Yost, E.↗
An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Yost, E.↗
Remote measurement of salinity in an estuarine environment.
The microwave emission of sea water is dependent upon salinity in the low microwave spectrum, and it appears possible to measure remotely surface salinity at 21-cm wavelength with an accuracy up to one part salt per thousand parts water (.1%) for a .5 to 3.5% salinity range. The dielectric constant of sea water can be represented by that of NaCl, except that the sea water conductivity is retained. The effects of the atmosphere, cosmic noise, sea surface roughness, and constant radiometer errors can be corrected by using surface calibration measurements. In experiments performed in Mississippi and Louisiana coastal waters salinity accuracies of .3 to .5 were obtained. It is believed that the accuracy was limited by the radiometer used.
Thomann, G. C.↗
A study of lagoonal and estuarine processes and artificial habitats in the area of the John F. Kennedy Space Center
In order to study the influence of an artificial habitat of discarded automobile tires upon the biomass in and around it, three sites were selected in the Banana River, one of which will serve as a control and the other two as locations for small tire reefs. Measurements and correlation studies of the biomasses and the species indicate that the biodynamics of the sites are appreciably the same in the three cases, that there are probably adequate populations at the lower trophic levels, that there are perhaps reduced numbers of upper level carnivores, and that it is likely that small artificial havens can contribute to an increase in populations of certain species of gamefish.
Poonai, P.↗
Evaluation of an artificial estuarine habitat-initial stage
In order to study the influence of an artificial habitat of discarded automobile tires upon the biomass in and around it, three sites were selected in the Banana River of which two will contain small groups of tires and one will not. Over a given period, the populations in and around the tires will be compared with those which existed initially or prevail on the natural site. Preliminary observations indicate that adequate numbers may be present in the lower trophic levels but that there are perhaps inadequate populations of upper level carnivores which it appears can be increased by an artificial habitat.
Poonai, P.↗
Remote measurement of salinity in an estuarine environment
The surface salinity of the estuary waters of the Mississippi delta and Mississippi sound was measured using an L-band radiometer at 21 cm wavelength mounted in a P3A Earth Resources Aircraft. The method used for correcting the effects of the atmosphere, cosmic noise, sea surface roughness, and constant radiometer errors is described. The dielectric constant of sea water was taken to be that of NaCl. An accuracy of 3 to 5 parts salt per thousand parts water was obtained for a 5 to 35 part salt per thousand parts water range. Theoretical accuracy is computed to be one part salt per thousand parts water.
Thomann, G. C.↗
A study of lagoonal and estuarine processes in the area of Merritt Island encompassing the space center
A study was conducted to determine the marine biology and dynamic oceanographic properties of the Indian River in Florida. One of the major areas of concentration involved the compilation of a taxonomic list of marine animals in the river. An important conclusion of the study is that diversity of the benthic community is substantially higher than expected. The effect of major climatic factors on the diversity and structure of the benthic community is analyzed.
Source record↗
An interdisciplinary study of the estuarine and coastal oceanography of Block Island Sound and adjacent New York coastal waters
The author has identified the following significant results. Photo-optical additive color quantitative measurements were made of ERTS-1 reprocessed positives of New York Bight and Block Island Sound. Regression of these data on almost simultaneous ship sample data of water's physical, chemical, biological, and optical properties showed that ERTS bands 5 and 6 can be used to predict the absolute value of the total number of particles and bands 4 and 5 to predict the relative extinction coefficient in New York Bight. Water masses and mixing patterns in Block Island Sound heretofore considered transient were found to be persistent phenomena requiring revision of existing mathematical and hydraulic models.
Yost, E. F.↗
Monitoring estuarine circulation and ocean waste dispersion using an integrated satellite-aircraft-drogue approach
The author has identified the following significant results. An integrated satellite-aircraft-drogue approach was developed which employs remotely tracked expendable drogues together with satellite and aircraft observations of oil slicks, waste plumes, and natural tracers, such as suspended sediment. Tests conducted on the Continental Shelf and in Delaware Bay indicate that the system provides a cost effective means of monitoring current circulation and verifying oil slick and ocean waste dispersion models even under severe environmental conditions.
Klemas, V.↗
Coastal and estuarine studies with ERTS-1 and Skylab
Coastal vegetation, land use, current circulation, water turbidity, and ocean waste dispersion were studied by interpreting ERTS-1 and Skylab imagery with the help of ground truth collected during overpasses. Based on high-contrast targets such as piers and roads, the ERTS-1 multispectral scanner was found to have a resolution of 70-100 m, Skylab's S190A cameras about 20-40 m, and its S190B camera about 10-20 m. Important coastal land-use details can be more readily mapped using Skylab's imagery. On the other hand, the regular 18-day cycle of ERTS-1 allows observation of important man-made and natural changes, and facilitates collection of ground truth.
Klemas, V.↗
Monitoring estuarine circulation and ocean waste dispersion using an integrated satellite-aircraft-drogue approach
The author has identified the following significant results. An inexpensive, integrated drogue-aircraft-satellite approach was developed which is based on the Lagrangian technique and employs remotely tracked drogues and dyes together with satellite observation of natural tracers, such as suspended sediment. Results include current circulation studies in Delaware Bay in support of an oil slick movement model; investigations of the dispersion and movement of acid wastes dumped 40 miles off the Delaware coast; and coastal current circulation. In each case, the integrated drogue-aircraft-satellite approach compares favorably with other techniques on the basis of accuracy, cost effectiveness, and performance under severe weather conditions.
Klemas, V.↗
Applications of remote sensing to estuarine problems
A variety of siting problems for the estuaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay have been solved with cost beneficial remote sensing techniques. Principal techniques used were repetitive 1:30,000 color photography of dye emitting buoys to map circulation patterns, and investigation of water color boundaries via color and color infrared imagery to scales of 1:120,000. Problems solved included sewage outfall siting, shoreline preservation and enhancement, oil pollution risk assessment, and protection of shellfish beds from dredge operations.
Munday, J. C., Jr.↗