Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “fluid dynamic analysis”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Toward predictive permeabilities: Experimental measurements and multiscale simulation of methanol transport in Nafion

A polymer membrane's permeability to solutes determines its suitability for various applications: a permeability value is essential for predicting performance in diverse contexts. Using aqueous methanol permeation through Nafion as an example, we describe a methodology for determining membrane permeability that accounts for boundary layer effects and the possibility of swelling. For the materials and apparatus used herein, analysis of a permeance measurement and computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the mass transfer boundary layer is on the order of ones to tens of microns. Additionally, the data are used to develop and validate a multiscale model describing solute permeation through a hydrated membrane as a series of physical mechanistic steps: reversible adsorption from solution at the membrane interface, diffusion driven by a concentration gradient within the membrane, and reversible desorption into solution at the opposite membrane interface. The validated model is used to predict methanol transport across a solar-driven CO 2 reduction device and to assess the impact of polymer changes on the measured value. The approach of combining experimental data, computational fluid dynamics, and the mechanistic multiscale model is expected to provide more accurate analysis of membrane permeation data in cases with polymer swelling or unusual device geometries, among others.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Coupled model for liquid lithium plasma facing components

Numerical analysis provides the design choice and operating window of liquid metal Plasma Facing Components (PFC) concepts. Coupled analysis of boundary plasma together with the surrounding boundary structures is required. Here, to achieve this goal, PPPL is developing a comprehensive multi-physics model for modeling of PFCs in fusion devices. The model includes the fluid-kinetic code SOLPS-ITER and the flow and heat transfer code CFX from ANSYS. SOLPS-ITER was augmented with a liquid metal boundary condition algorithm, allowing direct two-way coupling of the plasma analysis with the two-dimensional analytical slab flow model which includes heat convection in the liquid metal PFC. The target heat flux resulting from this coupled analysis is used as a boundary condition for detailed 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) and heat transfer analysis. A new formulation of MHD equations is introduced in the numerical procedure ensuring current conservation of the discretized equations. Results of the 3D analysis are used for final validation of the coupled model. A PFC design where a porous wall is used to stabilize the liquid metal surface, while MHD drive is used to push the liquid metal flow inside the PFC, will be investigated in the regimes where vapor shielding is created for enhanced volumetric plasma heat dissipation.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nuclear Materials Packaging, Transportation, and Systems Analysis Group Software Quality Assurance Plan: ANSYS Mechanical Finite Element Analysis Software Version 2023R1

ANSYS Inc. develops and markets engineering simulation software and services used in the aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, biomedical, energy, defense, and many other industries. ANSYS is dedicated to engineering simulation and is the world’s leading software provider. ANSYS was founded in 1970 and is headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. ANSYS provides an engineering analysis tool combining structural, thermal, computational fluid dynamics, acoustic, and electromagnetic simulation capabilities. ANSYS has two main programs, which use the same solvers: (1) Mechanical APDL (ANSYS Design Parametric Language), a Fortran-based coding platform, and (2) ANSYS Workbench, which uses a graphical user interface to aid in finite element analysis implementation. This plan covers both APDL and Workbench. The ANSYS computer program is a large-scale, multipurpose finite element program that can be used to solve several classes of engineering analyses. The analysis capabilities of ANSYS include the ability to solve static and dynamic structural analyses, steady-state and transient heat transfer problems, mode-frequency and buckling eigenvalue problems, static or time-varying magnetic analyses, and various types of field and coupled-field applications. The program contains many special features that allow nonlinearities or secondary effects such as plasticity, large strain, hyperelasticity, creep, swelling, large deflections, contact, stress stiffening, temperature dependency, material anisotropy, and radiation to be included in the solution. As ANSYS has been developed, other special capabilities such as substructuring, submodeling, random vibration, kinetostatics, kinetodynamics, free convection fluid analysis, acoustics, magnetics, piezoelectrics, coupled-field analysis, and design optimization have been added to the program. These capabilities contribute further to making ANSYS a multipurpose analysis tool for varied engineering disciplines. The ANSYS program has been in commercial use for over 50 years and has been used extensively in the aerospace, automotive, construction, electronic, energy services, manufacturing, nuclear, plastics, oil, and steel industries. Additionally, many consulting firms and hundreds of universities have used ANSYS for analysis, research, and educational purposes. ANSYS is recognized worldwide as one of the most widely used and capable programs of its type. Ansys design analysis software is the first created within a quality system with ISO 9001 certification, the internationally accepted quality standard. Product development, testing, maintenance and support processes also meet the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's quality requirements, as they have for nearly four decades. The Quality Assurance Service Agreement is suitable for the customers working in the nuclear industry who need to meet specific federal regulations including 10CRF50 Appendix B and provisions of 10CFR21. ANSYS has retained its original International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 accreditation certificate since1995-05-04, It’s current certificate is valid until 2027-05-29.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

ECAR-8055 Rev 0 Verification and Validation of Star-CCM+ for Computational Fluid Dynamics Analyses for the MARVEL Microreactor

The objective of this Engineering Calculations and Analysis Report (ECAR) is to provide documentation and highlight relevant information regarding the verification and validation (V&V) of the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+ for the thermal and fluids analyses performed for the MARVEL microreactor.

21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
DOE OSTI2024

A computational analysis of effective R-values of buried ducts – the dynamic performance of buried ducts

Here, this paper evaluates the thermal performance of ducts partially or fully buried in loose-fill attic insulation. The overall thermal resistance between the ducts and the attic is referred to as an effective R-value. This paper shows a strong dependency of assumed attic temperature on the effective R-value. Based on the results, the effective R-value can be about twice as much with an attic temperature of 130 °F [54.4 °C], compared to when the attic temperature is 80 °F [26.7 °C]. Thus, this paper provides a polynomial regression equation based on a large set of simulations to determine the effective R-value of buried ducts depending on attic temperature and whether the HVAC system runs in cooling or heating mode. Further, the work presented in this paper investigated the potential impact of convective airflow within the attic insulation, particularly around the ducts. The analysis was based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and indicated that convectional forces are presented around the exterior surface of the ducts, but with negligible impact on the overall heat balance between the duct and the attic space.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Low embodied energy and carbon, high lifetime silicon boules via a combined chemical vapor deposition/float zone process

This work evaluates a new process route to making float zone (Fz)-quality silicon wafers using a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and technoeconomic analysis. Our analysis finds that the new process competes with Czochralski (Cz)-grown wafers on a levelized cost of energy system level. The new process also decreases embodied energy and carbon of silicon photovoltaics (PV) by ~6x circumventing the energy-costly Siemens process used in polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) production plants to generate feedstock for Fz and Cz boules. Instead of using poly-Si from the Siemens process to feed crystallization, the new process uses the high-purity, trichlorosilane (TCS) precursor gas to grow a poly-Si feed rod in-situ during a modified Fz1,2 boule growth process. The gas-to-boule float zone process enables opportunity to produce high-purity (low metals and oxygen content), uniformly doped single crystal silicon boules and wafers with high bulk lifetimes (τ bulk > 15 ms) to enable higher efficiency cells (>27 %) with fewer known degradation mechanisms than Czochralski (Cz)-grown wafers. These benefits reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of PV-produced electricity. Here we show the results of our CFD and chemical modeling of the process to prove feasibility and economic viability.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Virtual prototyping of liquid metal blanket performance in fusion pilot plant

Liquid metal blanket is a dominant design option for the next step fusion devices responsible for harvesting energy from fusion reaction, and simultaneously producing fuel for the same reaction through tritium breeding. Liquid metal blankets introduce additional complexity to the design due to fluid motion, fluid structure interaction, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects arising from the motion of the conducting fluid through the magnetic field. They are also directly affected by the plasma heat flux and neutronic fluence. PPPL is currently developing a virtual prototyping system for numerical analysis of the liquid metal blankets for future fusion devices. The system has a customized 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code in its core, allowing MHD flow and conjugate heat transfer analysis in blankets fluids and solids. The code was successfully used before for dual coolant blanket analysis [A. Khodak et al., Fusion Eng. and Des. 137 (2018)]. Recently the same code was modified to allow verified simulation of MHD flows at high Hartmann numbers of several thousand typical for blanket applications. CFD code receives volumetric heat source distribution from the neutronic analysis based on MCNP code. In addition, direct tritium breeding simulation will be performed allowing optimization of the blanket performance. 2D axisymmetric version of neutronics code will be used for rapid optimization, with 3D version employed for detailed analysis. The surface heat distribution on the plasma facing wall will be defined by the software HEAT allowing 3D modeling of the heat flux based on the magnetic field distribution including gyro-orbit effects. Results of thermal analysis are imported into structural analysis code also included in the system. Finally, direct import of CAD geometry will be used for analyzing all components and as a result design option can be efficiently optimized.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Structural modeling and dynamic analysis of condensate storage tanks in nuclear power plants

Condensate storage tanks (CSTs) in nuclear power plants (NPPs) are classified as critical equipment capable of surviving strong shaking in a design basis earthquake to assure the ability to subsequently provide cooling water. Structural modeling and dynamic analysis of CSTs are complicated due to fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and coupling issues, which could have significant effects on seismic response. The capability of a number of approximate models to capture seismic response is investigated using dynamic analysis results from detailed finite element models. Modal analyses and time history analyses are carried out using both 2D and 3D models to predict the dynamic behavior of CSTs as a function of ground motion intensity. Although 2D simplified models can be used to quickly evaluate the dynamic response of CSTs when there is substantial margin to failure, a detailed 3D model is required when it is necessary to examine a limit state associated with the failure mode of the tank. The findings show good agreement between the natural frequencies of convective modes determined from the 2D and 3D CST models. The difference between the frequencies of impulsive modes were found to be equal to or less than 25%.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of dispensing hardware for safe fueling of heavy duty vehicles

The development of safe dispensing equipment for the fueling of heavy duty (HD) vehicles is critical to the expansion of this newly and quickly expanding market. This paper discusses the development of a HD dispenser and nozzles assembly (nozzle, hose, breakaway) for these new, larger vehicles where flow rates are more than double compared to light duty (LD) vehicles. This equipment must operate at nominal pressures of 700 bar, -40o C gas temperature, and average flow rate of 5-10 kg/min at a high throughput commercial hydrogen fueling station without leaking hydrogen. The project surveyed HD vehicle manufacturers, station developers, and component suppliers to determine the basic specifications of the dispensing equipment and nozzle assembly. The team also examined existing codes and standards to determine necessary changes to accommodate HD components. From this information, the team developed a set of specifications which will be used to design the dispensing equipment. In order to meet these goals, the team performed computational fluid dynamic, pressure modelling, and temperature analysis in order to determine the necessary parameters to meet existing safety standards modified for HD fueling. The team also considered user, operational, and maintenance requirements, such as freeze lock which has been an issue which prevents the removal of the nozzle from LD vehicles. The team also performed a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify the possible failures in the design. The dispenser and nozzle assembly will be tested separately, and then installed on an innovative, HD fueling station which will use a HD vehicle simulator to test the entire system.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Machine learning changes the rules for flux limiters

Learning to integrate non-linear equations from highly resolved direct numerical simulations has seen recent interest for reducing the computational load for fluid simulations. Here, we focus on determining a flux-limiter for shock capturing methods. Focusing on flux limiters provides a specific plug-and-play component for existing numerical methods. Since their introduction, an array of flux limiters has been designed. Using the coarse-grained Burgers' equation, we show that flux-limiters may be rank-ordered in terms of their log-error relative to high-resolution data. We then develop a theory to find an optimal flux-limiter and present flux-limiters that outperform others tested for integrating Burgers' equation on lattices with [Formula: see text], and 2x, 3x, 4x, and 8x coarse-grainings. We train a continuous piecewise linear limiter by minimizing the mean-squared misfit to six-grid point segments of high-resolution data, averaged over all segments. While flux limiters are generally designed to have an output of φ(r) = 1 at a flux ratio of r = 1, our limiters are not bound by this rule and yet produce a smaller error than standard limiters. Here we find that our machine learned limiters have distinctive features that may provide new rules-of-thumb for the development of improved limiters. Additionally, we use our theory to learn flux-limiters that outperform standard limiters across a range of values (as opposed to at a specific fixed value) of coarse-graining, number of discretized bins, and diffusion parameter. This demonstrates the ability to produce flux limiters that should be more broadly useful than standard limiters for general applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

BlueCRAB Domain Overlapping Coupling: Theory & Verification

Coupling low- and high-fidelity codes is a useful way to model complex engineering systems. Thanks to the high-fidelity code, complex phenomena can be resolved in areas of the system where this is required, yet the efficiency of the lower-fidelity code is still retained in modeling the rest of the system. This document details the theory and implementation of coupling two different thermal-hydraulic codes: the system thermal-hydraulics (STH) code System Analysis Module (SAM) and the coarse-mesh computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Pronghorn. Both applications are included in the Comprehensive Reactor Analysis Bundle (BlueCRAB) code suite and are based on the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework. The domain overlapping (DO) coupling approach was adopted, as it offers proven advantages over more conventional domain decomposition methods. In the DO coupling, SAM provides Pronghorn with boundary conditions that depend on the system-level simulation of the entire plant. In return, the overlapping coupled SAM components–termed “surrogate components”–receive friction factors and source terms computed online based on the Pronghorn simulation. The framework is designed to be generic and enable coupling regardless of geometry and the number of inlet/outlet boundaries in the DO coupled domain. The developed method leads to consistent pressure drops, enthalpies, and scalar concentrations when comparing the coupled SAM and Pronghorn simulations. This document presents the DO coupling approach, along with two verification and two demonstration cases. The proposed problems explore different physical aspects relevant to nuclear reactor analysis, including buoyancy-driven flows, complex flow patterns, and multiple inlets and outlets. Periodically, new versions of this “BlueCRAB Domain Overlapping Coupling: Theory & Verification” report will be issued to reflect future developments and verification tests.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Numerical Analysis and Flow Induced Vibration Studies in Pressurized Helium Gas Cooling Channels

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is working with NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes (NMR) on their efforts to produce Mo-99 from the irradiation of Mo-100 targets. The NMR target consists of an Inconel window that allows the electron beam to penetrate and irradiate a stack of Mo-100 discs. The irradiation process generates large amounts of heat and is cooled using pressurized helium gas flowing at 400 g/s. LANL provides both numerical analysis support and experimental support. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for both 300 g/s and 400 g/s are performed on the NMR target to analyze the helium flow through the NMR system. The pressure drop, the mass flow rate through each of the disc and window channels and the force applied on the first disc are some of the quantities estimated using CFD. These results will be combined with Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) estimates of heat flux into the system from the electron beam to perform conjugate heat transfer analysis (CHT). The experiments presented in this report focus on the effect of the flow induced vibrations from helium flowing through the coolant gaps between the discs. There is concern that the flow induced vibrations may lead to excessive mass loss of the enriched Mo-100 discs, and the goal would be to mitigate the mass loss. This work presents benchtop tests of flow through a subset of the target stack which involves high speed imaging and displacement measurements used to estimate disc vibration, as well as mass loss.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Thermal Stress Modeling and Analysis of Packed-bed Thermocline Energy Storage Tank for INL Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS)

The Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a thermal-hydraulic flow loop to support the integration of co-located multiple experimental systems, where a packed-bed thermal energy storage (TES) is installed as a thermal buffer and storage unit for TEDS. The packed-bed TES is adopted in TEDS because of its benefit as a low-cost single-tank storage option compared to the traditional two-tank storage. However, thermal ratcheting is one potential design concern which is caused by the rearrangement of granular filler inside a packed-bed tank during continuous thermal cycling operation of the packed-bed TES tank. If the thermally induced stress exceeds yield strength of the tank wall, it may cause catastrophic consequences like rupture of the thermal storage tank. Thus, it is crucial to understand the phenomenon to ensure the robust operation. Based on the temperature boundary conditions given by transient thermal analyses with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the thermal ratcheting analysis is then conducted to evaluate the hoop stress and resultant thermal ratcheting potential of the TES tanks with two different modeling approaches: (1) infinite rigidity model and (2) Drucker-Prager (DP) model. The validity of each modeling method was examined by comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental data obtained from the packed-bed TES tank for Solar One Plant and evaluate the thermal ratcheting potential of the TEDS TES tank.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Software Quality Assurance Plan ANSYS LSDYNA Version 2023R1

ANSYS Inc. develops and markets engineering simulation software and services used in the aerospace, automotive, manufacturing, electronics, biomedical, energy, defense, and many other industries. ANSYS is dedicated to engineering simulation and is the world’s leading software provider. ANSYS was founded in 1970 and is headquartered in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. ANSYS provides an engineering analysis tool combining structural, thermal, computational fluid dynamics, acoustic and electromagnetic simulation capabilities. ANSYS LS-DYNA is the most used explicit simulation program capable of simulating the response of materials to short periods of severe loading. Its many elements, contact formulations, material models, and other controls can be used to simulate complex models with control over all the details of the problem. ANSYS LS-DYNA has a vast array of capabilities to simulate extreme deformation problems using its explicit solver. Engineers can tackle simulations involving material failure and look at how the failure progresses through a part or through a system. Models with large amounts of parts or surfaces interacting with each other are also easily handled, and the interactions and load passing between complex behaviors are modeled accurately. Using computers with higher numbers of CPU cores can drastically reduce solution times. In addition, many consulting firms and hundreds of universities use ANSYS for analysis, research, and educational purposes. ANSYS is recognized worldwide as one of the most widely used and capable programs of its type. ANSYS has successfully passed over 100 customer quality system audits against American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) NQA-1 and 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, since the company was founded, over 60 of which have been since 1997. ANSYS has successfully passed over 100 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 assessments. ANSYS design analysis software is the first created within a quality system with ISO 9001 certification, which is the internationally accepted quality standard. Product development, testing, maintenance, and support processes also meet the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) quality requirements, as they have for nearly four decades. ANSYS staff perform more than 60,000 software verification tests before releasing each new product. ASME NQA-1-2012 (Subpart 2.7 is specific to software) is the industry- and NRC-accepted approach (consensus standard) for meeting 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, requirements.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Model reduction for hypersonic aerodynamics via conservative LSPG projection and hyper-reduction

High-speed aerospace engineering applications rely heavily on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for design and analysis due to the expense and difficulty of flight tests and experiments. This reliance on CFD models necessitates performing accurate and reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) of the CFD models. However, it is very computationally expensive to run CFD for hypersonic flows due to the fine grid resolution required to capture the strong shocks and large gradients that are typically present. Furthermore, UQ approaches are “many-query” problems requiring many runs with a wide range of input parameters. One way to enable computationally expensive models to be used in such many-query problems is to employ projection-based reduced-order models (ROMs) in lieu of the (high-fidelity) full-order model. In particular, the least-squares Petrov–Galerkin (LSPG) ROM (equipped with hyper-reduction) has demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce simulation costs while retaining high levels of accuracy on a range of problems including subsonic CFD applications. This allows computationally inexpensive LSPG ROM simulations to replace the full-order model simulations in UQ studies, which makes this many-query task tractable, even for large-scale CFD models. This work presents the first application of LSPG to a hypersonic CFD application. In particular, we present results for LSPG ROMs of the HIFiRE-1 in a three-dimensional, turbulent Mach 7.1 flow, showcasing the ability of the ROM to significantly reduce computational costs while maintaining high levels of accuracy in computed quantities of interest.

Fluid Dynamics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Application of GOTHIC to Groundwater Transport Analysis - 20152

Migration of pollutants and hazardous wastes, potentially containing radioactive isotopes, via groundwater transport is a concern at most waste cleanup sites. Predictive analysis can be used to evaluate mitigating actions intended to minimize impact on the environment and public exposure. GOTHIC is a multipurpose thermal hydraulics code that is used extensively in the nuclear industry for design, licensing and operation evaluations. It combines the capabilities of typical one-dimensional system codes and the essential features of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes for three-dimensional analysis. There are other codes that are specifically developed for groundwater transport analysis and the results presented here are consistent with prior analyses. However, GOTHIC has some unique features that offer advantages for applications related to nuclear waste. Most importantly, it has been developed and maintained under a Quality Assurance program in compliance with the requirements of 10CFR50 Appendix B [2] and applicable portions of ASME NQA-1 [3] since 1995. Available GOTHIC capabilities that make the code especially useful for groundwater transport of nuclear materials include: - Tracking of any number of tracer elements for contaminants and other species of interest; - Radioactive decay and progeny of tracer elements; - Adsorption/desorption of tracer elements; - Tracking of any number of dissolved gases; - Release and absorption for dissolved gases; - Vapor phase tracking; - Non-Newtonian fluid modeling. The general porous body modeling approach makes GOTHIC well suited to groundwater transport analysis. The multi-region modeling approach used by GOTHIC simplifies model construction for regions of varying hydrologic characteristics and focuses the computational effort on regions of particular interest while simultaneously capturing the macroscopic response and any feedback effects across the larger domain. The applicability of GOTHIC to groundwater transport applications is demonstrated by comparing code results with available analytic or semi-analytic solutions for groundwater behavior. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

A comprehensive review of nonlinear oscillators in hydrokinetic energy harnessing using flow-induced vibrations

A comprehensive review of hydrokinetic energy converters based on alternating lift technology (ALT) is provided. Emphasis is on nonlinear oscillators based on Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) or Oscillation (FIO). Due to strong coupling in Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI), and in order to maximize the hydrokinetic harnessed energy, design of nonlinear oscillators and analysis by model tests or computational fluid dynamics dominates this area. Research confirmed that the nonlinear oscillator can harvest energy from a stochastic excitation modeled by a generic wide spectrum, and overcome the most severe oscillator limitations: specifically, the need for continuous frequency tuning due to the narrow bandwidth response, and low efficiency outside the narrow bandwidth oscillator response. This review covers the following aspects of nonlinear oscillators in ALT converters: (1) Geometric changes in oscillator cross-section; e.g., circular, square, rectangular, or trilateral shapes. (2) Passive turbulence control of FIV/FIO. (3) Position based nonlinear stiffness. (4) Multi-cylinder synergistic FIV/FIO. (5) Mechanically linked oscillators. (6) Velocity-based, nonlinear, adaptive harnessing damping.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fueling limits in a cylindrical viscosity-limited reactor

Recently, a method to achieve a “natural hot-ion mode” was suggested by utilizing ion viscous heating in a rotating plasma with a fixed boundary. We explore the steady-state solution to the Braginskii equations and find the parameter regime in which a significant temperature difference between ions and electrons can be sustained in a driven steady state. Here, the threshold for this effect occurs at ρ i ≳ 0.1R. An analytic, leading order low flow solution is obtained, and a numerical, moderate Mach number M ≲ 2 is investigated. The limitation is found to be at moderate Mach numbers.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗