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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

EVSE Characterization

NextGen Profiles' EVSE characterization efforts explored performance variability in production EVSE through the use of EV emulation equipment and assessed how different operational conditions influence charging behavior. Data were collected at a frequency of 10 Hz from both the EV emulator and EVSE during each charge session and stored in a time-series database for further analysis. As part of the NextGen Profiles project, characterization of high-power EVSE was performed on both conductive and wireless charging infrastructure; however, only conductive charging data are currently included in this repository. This EVSE characterization was performed over a range of DC output currents and voltages, covering both nominal and off-nominal test conditions. This EVSE characterization dataset includes high-power charging data from two types of 350-kW-capable EVSE using liquid-cooled Combined Charging System-1 (CCS1, North American version) cables and connectors. To protect confidentiality, all EVSE metadata are anonymized, and the publicly released datasets are metered at 10-Hz frequency.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of electric vehicle charging on the power demand of retail buildings

As electric vehicle penetration increases, charging is expected to have a significant impact on the grid. Electric vehicle charging stations will greatly affect a building site's power demand, especially with the onset of fast charging with power levels as high as 350 kW per charger. Here, we assess how electric vehicle charging stations would impact a retail big box grocery store, exploring numerous station sizes, charging power levels, and utilization factors in various climate zones and seasons. We measure the effect of charging by assessing changes in monthly peak power demand, electricity usage, and annual electricity bill, computed using three distinct rate structures. We find that an electric vehicle station has the potential to dwarf a big box building's power demand if behind the same meter, increasing monthly peak power demand at the site by over 250%. Cold-climate areas paired with rate structures incorporating high demand charges are most susceptible for significant changes to the annual electricity bill, with increases as high as 88%.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Multi-phase Wireless Power Transfer with High Power Density Inductive Coils for Electric Drone Charging

Wireless charging of unmanned ground vehi-cles and aircraft has been proposed to increase charging reliability and security, allow for autonomous functionality, and either reduce battery size or increase continuous flight time. This paper proposes a three-phase Litz wire primary and a two-phase PCB secondary for high secondary-side power density considering misalignment tolerances, surface and volumetric power density, and coil sizing. Elec-tromagnetic 3D finite element analysis (FEA) simulations are conducted to study variation in mutual inductance and coupling coefficient with different secondary coil sizes and number of turns, horizontal and vertical misalignment between the primary and secondary, and a combination of both for a set of designs with the same rated power. Results indicate that receiver coils of reduced size relative to the primary can deliver rated power for increased power density and higher tolerance to misalignment.

Gastineau, Lucas [University of Kentucky]↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Mössbauer Spectroscopy Investigation of Nickel‐Zinc Ferrites Synthesized by a Self‐Combustion Method for Soft Magnetic Core Applications

Soft ferrites are materials of interest for magnetic cores, as used for wireless charging transformers. Their low permeabilities, high resistivity, and magnetic polarization make them interesting for high-power electric vehicle charging and drive systems. The nickel-zinc-doped ferrites are of particular interest; however, the compositional space is quite large with respect to dopant concentrations, stoichiometric ratios and synthesis technique. Nickel-zinc spinel ferrites with varying nickel-zinc ratios prepared by a self-combustion reaction followed by heat treatment exhibit good crystallinity, and their low-temperature Mössbauer spectra show local magnetism and site occupation in agreement with materials prepared by solid-state reaction. Thus, the combustion synthesis method offers a facile tunability of compositions, which, combined with the possibility of rapid characterization of atomic-scale magnetism by Mössbauer spectroscopy, enables advances in the compositional and processing space at a fast pace. Low-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy data for samples with increasing nickel content reveals a systematic increase in average hyperfine field (2.8 T/Ni) and decrease in average isomer shift (−0.036 mm/s/Ni) that can determine the nickel/zinc content, even in the absence of applied magnetic field data. Furthermore, a gradual evolution of color is also observed with increasing nickel content, albeit trends in color depend on sintering conditions.

Mössbauer spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2020

Shield Design for 50 kW Three-Phase Wireless Charging System

In this paper, magnetic field emissions (MFE) from a 50 kW bipolar coil-based three-phase wireless charging system (WCS) is investigated. Then, a shield design is proposed to suppress the MFE below the safety limit identified by the International Commission of Non-Ionized Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. Bipolar coil-based three-phase (3φ) WCSs provide extremely high power-density; therefore, the 3φ WCSs are highly promising for high-power fast-wireless-charging of the electric vehicles. For the high-power EV application, it is a critical challenge to design a shield to suppress the MFE below the safety limit. The traditional aluminum shield is found ineffective for the bipolar 3φ-WCS. The proposed shield is designed with high-permeability magnetic material, i.e. ferrite, nanocrystalline material, etc. The proposed shield is simulated in finite element analysis (FEA) and the FEA results show that the proposed magnetic shield effectively suppresses the magnetic field emission below the ICNIRP limit. The generalized design of the proposed shield can be used for even higher power bipolar coil based WCSs.

Mohammad, Mostak↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evaluating the Impact of Managed EV Charging for Reliable Operation of Bulk Power Systems with High Non-Dispatchable Generation

The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) and variable-generation (VG) sources introduces new challenges for power-system operations. This study introduces a modeling framework and evaluates five EV charging strategies under projected 2040 grid conditions in the Evergy service territory with high non-dispatchable generation. Using realistic EV behavior and generation models, their impacts on system peak demand, ramp rate, and reserve capacity are evaluated. Results show that only the peak-avoidance strategy effectively reduces system peak demand, while decentralized strategies-particularly cost based dynamic charging-can exacerbate peaks due to synchronized user behavior. However, ramp-rate minimization strategy significantly reduce the stress on dispatchable generation achieving the lowest maximum absolute ramp rate (MARR) (56.81 MW) and lowest reserve requirement (2.39 GW). In contrast, unmanaged and TOU random strategies increase the stress on dispatchable generation sources with increased MARR and reserve requirements. These findings highlight the importance of coordinated, system-aware managed charging strategies to ensure reliable and affordable grid operation in the presence of EVs and VG sources.

14 - SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Framework to Analyze the Requirements of a Multiport Megawatt-Level Charging Station for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles

Widespread adoption of heavy-duty (HD) electric vehicles (EVs) will soon necessitate the use of megawatt (MW)-scale charging stations to charge high-capacity HD EV battery packs. Such a station design needs to anticipate possible station traffic, average and peak power demand, and charging/wait time targets to improve throughput and maximize revenue-generating operations. High-power direct current charging is an attractive candidate for MW-scale charging stations at the time of this study, but there are no precedents for such a station design for HD vehicles. We present a modeling and data analysis framework to elucidate the dependencies of a MW-scale station operation on vehicle traffic data and station design parameters and how that impacts vehicle electrification. This framework integrates an agent-based charging station model with vehicle schedules obtained through real-world vehicle telemetry data analysis to explore the station design and operation space. A case study applies this framework to a Class 8 vehicle telemetry dataset and uses Monte Carlo simulations to explore various design considerations for MW-scale charging stations and EV battery technologies. The results show a direct correlation between optimal charging station placement and major traffic corridors such as cities with ports, e.g., Los Angeles and Oakland. Corresponding parametric sweeps reveal that while good quality of service can be achieved with a mix of 1.2-megawatt and 100-kilowatt chargers, the resultant fast charging time of 35–40 min will need higher charging power to reach parity with refueling times.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS1991

High-voltage sheaths and charge neutralization in space power systems

The authors examine the electrodynamics of charged platforms in the ionosphere with a variety of analytical and numerical models. These models have been specifically designed to study the tethered satellite system (TSS-1) due to be launched in early 1992. One of the objectives of TSS-1 is to determine the potential of tethers for electrical power generation from orbital motion across the earth's magnetic field. The author identifies and explores important aspects of the interaction between the ambient ionospheric plasma and moving charged orbital platforms: (1) the formation of energetic particles in the wake of a nominally neutral satellite, (2) transient current collection by a highly charged platform, (3) the current closure paths in the ionosphere between multiple polarized platforms, and (4) the conditions for rapid neutralization by enhanced plasma formation in the presence of effluent gases.

Satyanarayana, P.↗
NASA NTRS1979

NASCAP modelling of high-voltage power system interactions with space charged-particle environments

A simple space power system operating in geosynchronous orbit was analyzed. This system consisted of two solar array wings and a central body. Each solar array wing was considered to be divided into three regions operating at 2000 volts. The center body was considered to be an electrical ground with the array voltages both positive and negative relative to ground. The system was analyzed for both a normal environment and a moderate geomagnetic substorm environment. Initial results indicate a high probability of arcing at the interconnects on the negative operating voltage wing. The dielectric strength of the substrate may be exceeded giving rise to breakdown in the bulk of the material. The geomagnetic substorm did not seem to increase the electrical gradients at the interconnects on the negative operating voltage wing but did increase the gradients on the positive operating voltage wing which could result in increased coupling current losses.

Stevens, N. J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Novel Honeycomb-DD Multi Coil Design for Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has received significant attention recently as an alternative charging method for batteries in a wide range of power levels. In the literature, many types of coil structures have been well-studied. Honeycomb coil arrays, which have been used mostly for low-power applications, have not been well-studied for high-power-level applications. In this paper, a novel honeycomb-DD coil design is proposed for high-power wireless battery charging systems. The proposed coil design with step by step design process is given and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to observe the full performance characteristics of the system for a 100 kW system. In addition, the misalignment tolerance of the proposed system was observed by shifting the secondary side charging pad at different misalignment positions, and the electromagnetic compatibility to the standards was investigated. The core and strand losses were obtained. The results show that the honeycomb coil array provides high coupling coefficient and better misalignment tolerance, making it a potential coil topology for WPT applications.

Aydin, Emrullah↗
NASA NTRS1979

NASCAP modelling of high-voltage power system interactions with space charged-particle environments

The NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP), an engineering tool capable of analyzing the impact of the charged particle environment on spacecraft surfaces and systems, is described. NASCAP is a quasi-static computational program which analyzes the charging of a 3-dimensional complex body as a function of time and system-generated voltages for given space environmental conditions. The material properties of the surfaces are taken into account; the surface potentials, low energy sheath, potential distribution in space and particle trajectories are calculated. An application of NASCAP to a simple space solar power station consisting of two 6 m by 18 m solar array wings surrounding a central body is presented. Each solar array wing is considered to be divided into three regions operating at 2000 volts. Results of NASCAP analysis of the system for a normal environment and a moderate geomagnetic substorm environment are discussed.

Stevens, N. J.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electric Vehicles at Scale (EVs@Scale) Laboratory Consortium

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Electric Vehicles at Scale Lab Consortium (EVs@Scale Lab Consortium) is accelerating research to support the establishment of a secure and scalable national network of charging infrastructure. This network will be critical to support tens of millions of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty EVs on American roads by 2030. The EVs@Scale Lab Consortium brings together national laboratories and key stakeholders to conduct infrastructure research and development (R&D) that advances innovations in, and sets unified standards for, high-power and wireless charging. The effort will also develop technologies to integrate vehicle charging with the power grid, and develop cybersecurity measures to protect drivers, vehicles, equipment, and the grid.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,POWER TRANSMISSION AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Unraveling the influence of non-fullerene acceptor molecular packing on photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells

In non-fullerene organic solar cells, the long-range structure ordering induced by end-group π–π stacking of fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors is considered as the critical factor in realizing efficient charge transport and high power conversion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that side-chain engineering of non-fullerene acceptors could drive the fused-ring backbone assembly from a π–π stacking mode to an intermixed packing mode, and to a non-stacking mode to refine its solid-state properties. Different from the above-mentioned understanding, we find that close atom contacts in a non-stacking mode can form efficient charge transport pathway through close side atom interactions. The intermixed solid-state packing motif in active layers could enable organic solar cells with superior efficiency and reduced non-radiative recombination loss compared with devices based on molecules with the classic end-group π–π stacking mode. Our observations open a new avenue in material design that endows better photovoltaic performance.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Carbon decorated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 for high-rate lithium-ion batteries: Electrochemical performance and charge compensation mechanism

Fast charging and high-power delivering batteries are highly demanded in mobile electronics, electric vehicles and grid energy storage, but there are full of challenges. The star-material Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is demonstrated as a promising high-rate cathode material meeting the above requirements. Herein, we report the carbon decorated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP/C) cathode prepared via a facile method, which displays a remarkable high-rate capability and long-term cycling performance. Briefly, the prepared LVP/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g -1 (~93% of the theoretical capacity) at a high rate up to 20 C and a superior capacity retention of 87.1% after 1000 cycles. Importantly, by applying a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and full-range mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we clearly elucidate the structural and chemical evolutions of LVP upon various potentials and cycle numbers. Furthermore, we show unambiguous spectroscopic evidences that the evolution of the hybridization strength between V and O in LVP/C as a consequence of lithiation/delithiation is highly reversible both in the bulk and on the surface during the discharge-charge processes even over extended cycles, which should be responsible for the remarkable electrochemical performance of LVP/C. Our present study provides not only an effective synthesis strategy but also deeper insights into the surface and bulk electrochemical reaction mechanism of LVP, which should be beneficial for the further design of high-performance LVP electrode materials.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electrification Annual Progress Report (FY2019)

During fiscal year 2019 (FY 2019), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) funded early stage research & development (R&D) projects that address Batteries and Electrification of the U.S. transportation sector. The VTO Electrification Sub-Program is composed of Electric Drive Technologies, and Grid Integration activities. The Electric Drive Technologies group conducts R&D projects that advance electric motors and power electronics technologies. The Grid and Charging Infrastructure group conducts R&D projects that advance grid modernization and electric vehicle charging technologies. This document presents a brief overview of the Electrification Sub-Program and progress reports for its R&D projects. Each of the progress reports provide a project overview and highlights of the technical results that were accomplished in FY 2019.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

GAMPix: a novel fine-grained, low-noise and ultra-low power pixelated charge readout for TPCs

Here, we report on the development of a novel pixel charge readout system, Grid Activated Multi-scale pixel readout (GAMPix), which is under development for use in the GammaTPC gamma ray instrument concept. GammaTPC is being developed to optimize the use of liquid argon time projection chamber technology for gamma ray astrophysics, for which a fine grained low power charge readout is essential. GAMPix uses a new architecture with coarse and fine scale instrumented electrodes to solve the twin problems of loss of measured charge after diffusion, and high readout power. Fundamentally, it enables low noise and ultra low power charge readout at the spatial scale limited by diffusion in a time projection chamber, and has other possibly applications, including future DUNE modules.

Shutt, Tom↗
DOE OSTI2022

NMR and Theoretical Study of In-Pore Diffusivity of Ionic Liquid–Solvent Mixtures

We report despite having a lower energy density than common batteries, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) offer several advantages for high-power applications, including high power density, quick charge and discharge time, and long cycle life. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been intensely studied as promising electrolytes for applications in ELDCs because of their wide potential window, low volatility, as well as thermal and chemical stability. The main deficiency of neat RTILs in such applications is the sluggish diffusivity, which restricts the EDLCs’ power density. To alleviate the slow diffusivity, RTILs can be used in a mixture with organic solvents. In this study, we applied two-dimensional exchange nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D EXSY NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the diffusivity of anions of an RTIL, namely, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM + –TFSI – ), dissolved in five different organic solvents, in the micropores of activated carbon. We determined that the relative concentrations of ions in solutions in the micropores were higher than those in the bulk solutions and were also solvent-dependent. The ion diffusivities in the pores were found to be almost 2 orders of magnitude slower than in the bulk solutions, with methanol showing the largest relative disparity. These results suggested that the interactions of solvents with the activated carbon are critical not only to the power density of EDLCs but also to the energy density. The comparisons of ion diffusivities between the experiments and the MD simulations suggest the need to consider also the surface functionalities of activated carbon for the simulation of ion diffusion in the micropores of activated carbon.

electric double layer capacitors↗