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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 91 records · Page 5
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Investigation of the unsteady pressure distribution on the blades of an axial flow fan

The unsteady response of a stator blade caused by the interaction of the stator with the wakes of an upstream rotor was investigated. Unsteady pressure distributions were measured using a blade instrumented with a series miniature pressure transducers. The influence of several geometrical and flow parameters - rotor/stator spacing, stator solidity and stator incidence angle - were studied to determine the unsteady response of the stator to these parameters. A major influence on the stator unsteady response is due to the stator solidity. At high solidities the blade-to-blade interference has a larger contribution. While the range of rotor/stator spacings investigated had a minor influence, the effect of stator incidence angle is significant. The data indicate the existence of an optimum positive incidence which minimizes the unsteady response.

Henderson, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Advanced panel-type influence coefficient methods applied to unsteady three dimensional potential flows

A panel method for solving unsteady, subsonic wind-body-tail flow problems is formulated and partially verified. The method is applicable to general aircraft configurations consisting of arbitrary arrangements of wings, bodies, tails, and nacelles. The wake may be located arbitrarily and the unsteady, transverse component of vorticity in the wake may be assigned any covection velocity. The wake in the unsteady flow problem, therefore, can be given the location and convection velocity of the wake produced by a steady flow which is the mean flow of the unsteady flow problem. The panel method has been used as a basis for expanding the unsteady kernel function in a power series to obtain panel influence coefficients which can be integrated in closed form.

Dusto, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The relationship of unsteadiness in downwash to the quality of parameter estimates

This paper investigates the relative importance of including unsteady effects in the lift and downwash in the longitudinal dynamics and parameter extraction algorithm. A simple vortex system has been used to model unsteady aerodynamic effects into the longitudinal equations of motion of an aircraft. Computer-generated data and flight data were used to demonstrate that inclusion of unsteady aerodynamics in the parameter-extraction algorithm produced aerodynamic parameters that were different from those extracted when unsteady aerodynamics were left out of the algorithm. The differences between derivatives associated with the two extraction algorithms (with and without unsteady aerodynamics) were related to acceleration derivatives which usually cannot be extracted individually.

Wells, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Unsteady transonic flow in cascades

There is a need for methods to predict the unsteady air loads associated with flutter of turbomachinery blading at transonic speeds. The results of such an analysis in which the steady relative flow approaching a cascade of thin airfoils is assumed to be transonic, irrotational, and isentropic is presented. The blades in the cascade are allowed to undergo a small amplitude harmonic oscillation which generates a small unsteady flow superimposed on the existing steady flow. The blades are assumed to oscillate with a prescribed motion of constant amplitude and interblade phase angle. The equations of motion are obtained by linearizing about a uniform flow the inviscid nonheat conducting continuity and momentum equations. The resulting equations are solved by employing the Weiner Hopf technique. The solution yields the unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on the cascade at Mach number equal to 1. Making use of an unsteady transonic similarity law, these results are compared with the results obtained from linear unsteady subsonic and supersonic cascade theories. A parametric study is conducted to find the effects of reduced frequency, solidity, stagger angle, and position of pitching axis on the flutter.

Surampudi, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for two-dimensional canard-wing configurations with aeroelastic applications

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for aerodynamically interfering airfoil configurations are performed as a first step toward solving the three dimensional canard wing interaction problem. These calculations are performed by extending the XTRAN2L two dimensional unsteady transonic small disturbance code to include an additional airfoil. Unsteady transonic forces due to plunge and pitch motions of a two dimensional canard and wing are presented. Results for a variety of canard wing separation distances reveal the effects of aerodynamic interference on unsteady transonic airloads. Aeroelastic analyses employing these unsteady airloads demonstrate the effects of aerodynamic interference on aeroelastic stability and flutter. For the configurations studied, increases in wing flutter speed result with the inclusion of the aerodynamically interfering canard.

Batina, J. T.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A linearized unsteady aerodynamic analysis for transonic cascades

The unsteady airloads generated by the vibrations of turbomachine blades operating at transonic Mach numbers are predicted by a linearized potential flow analysis whose unsteady aerodynamics model encompasses the effects of blade geometry, nonzero mean pressure variation across the blade row, high frequency blade motion, and shock motion, all within the framework of a linearized frequency-domain formulation. A numerical solution for the entire unsteady flow field is determined by matching a solution covering an extended blade passage region to another covering, and extending beyond, the supersonic region(s) adjacent to a blade surface. Results are given for cascades of double circular arc and flat plate blades, in order to demonstrate the unsteady analysis and to partially illustrate the effects of blade geometry, inlet Mach number, vibration frequency and shock motion on unsteady response.

Verdon, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for two-dimensional canard-wing configurations with aeroelastic applications

Unsteady transonic flow calculations for aerodynamically interfering airfoil configurations are performed as a first-step toward solving the three-dimensional canard-wing interaction problem. These calculations are performed by extending the XTRAN2L two-dimensional unsteady transonic small-disturbance code to include an additional airfoil. Unsteady transonic forces due to plunge and pitch motions of a two-dimensional canard and wing are presented. Results for a variety of canard-wing separation distances reveal the effects of aerodynamic interference on unsteady transonic airloads. Aeroelastic analyses employing these unsteady airloads demonstrate the effects of aerodynamic interference on aeroelastic stability and flutter. For the configurations studied, increases in wing flutter speed result with the inclusion of the aerodynamically interfering canard.

Batina, J. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Unsteady turbulent boundary-layer experiments with rapidly changing free-stream conditions

Selected data sets produced by the Stanford Unsteady Turbulent Boundary Layer Program are compared to analytic solutions of the Stokes equations for different kinds of imposed, organized unsteadiness. Good agreement is found, qualifying the facility as one that faithfully produces flows of different prescribed unsteady conditions. Data sets from the facility are therefore considered especially suitable for comparison with predictions of turbulence models for unsteady flows. New data describing the development of an unsteady separation bubble are presented.

Brereton, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Unsteady transonic flow in cascades

There is a need for methods to predict the unsteady air loads associated with flutter of turbomachinery blading at transonic speeds. The results of such an analysis in which the steady relative flow approaching a cascade of thin airfoils is assumed to be transonic, irrotational, and isentropic is presented. The blades in the cascade are allowed to undergo a small amplitude harmonic oscillation which generates a small unsteady flow superimposed on the existing steady flow. The blades are assumed to oscillate with a prescribed motion of constant amplitude and interblade phase angle. The equations of motion are obtained by linearizing about a uniform flow the inviscid nonheat conducting continuity and momentum equations. The resulting equations are solved by employing the Weiner Hopf technique. The solution yields the unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on the cascade at Mach number equal to 1. Making use of an unsteady transonic similarity law, these results are compared with the results obtained from linear unsteady subsonic and supersonic cascade theories. A parametric study is conducted to find the effects of reduced frequency, solidity, stagger angle, and position of pitching axis on the flutter.

Surampudi, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Unsteady forces on counter-rotating propeller blades

Unsteady forces experienced by counter-rotating propeller blades are examined in this paper. A fully coupled vortex lattice model of counter-rotation is used to obtain a quasi-steady solution to the propeller loadings, and an unsteady Sears (1941) analysis provides an estimate of the unsteady loads from the quasi-steady results. The vortex lattice method predicts the overall performance of counter-rotation well, based on comparisons of measured and predicted results. The effects of propeller spacing and blade number on the unsteady loadings are investigated. The peak-to-peak variation about the mean of the unsteady loads on the rear propeller varied from 9 percent for a 2 x 2 counter-rotation system to 2 percent for an 8 x 8 system.

Lesieutre, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Numerical simulations of unsteady, viscous, transonic flow over isolated and cascaded airfoils using a deforming grid

A compressible, unsteady, full Navier-Stokes, finite difference code was developed for modeling transonic flow through two-dimensional, oscillating cascades. The procedure introduces a deforming grid technique to capture the motion of the airfoils. Results using a deforming grid are presented for both isolated and cascaded airfoils. The load histories and unsteady pressure distributions are predicted for the NASA 64A010 isolated airfoil and compared with existing experimental data. Results show that the deforming grid technique can be used to successfully predict the unsteady flow properties around an oscillating airfoil. The deforming grid technique was extended for modeling unsteady flow in a cascade. The use of a deforming grid simplifies the specification of boundary conditions. Unsteady flow solutions similar to the isolated airfoil predictions are found for a NACA 0012 cascade with zero interblade phase angle and zero stagger. Experimental data for these cases are not available for code validation, but computational results are presented to show sample predictions from the code. Applications of the code to typical turbomachinery flow conditions will be presented in future work.

Huff, Dennis L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Numerical simulations of unsteady, viscous, transonic flow over isolated and cascaded airfoils using a deforming grid

A compressible, unsteady, full Navier-Stokes, finite difference code was developed for modeling transonic flow through two-dimensional, oscillating cascades. The procedure introduces a deforming grid technique to capture the motion of the airfoils. Results using a deforming grid are presented for both isolated and cascaded airfoils. The load histories and unsteady pressure distributions are predicted for the NASA 64A010 isolated airfoil and compared with existing experimental data. Results show that the deforming grid technique can be used to successfully predict the unsteady flow properties around an oscillating airfoil. The deforming grid technique was extended for modeling unsteady flow in a cascade. The use of a deforming grid simplifies the specification of boundary conditions. Unsteady flow solutions similar to the isolated airfoil predictions are found for a NACA 0012 cascade with zero interblade phase angle and zero stagger. Experimental data for these cases are not available for code validation, but computational results are presented to show sample predictions from the code. Applications of the code to typical turbomachinery flow conditions will be presented in future work.

Huff, Dennis L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

A Numerical Model of Unsteady, Subsonic Aeroelastic Behavior

A method for predicting unsteady, subsonic aeroelastic responses was developed. The technique accounts for aerodynamic nonlinearities associated with angles of attack, vortex-dominated flow, static deformations, and unsteady behavior. The fluid and the wing together are treated as a single dynamical system, and the equations of motion for the structure and flow field are integrated simultaneously and interactively in the time domain. The method employs an iterative scheme based on a predictor-corrector technique. The aerodynamic loads are computed by the general unsteady vortex-lattice method and are determined simultaneously with the motion of the wing. Because the unsteady vortex-lattice method predicts the wake as part of the solution, the history of the motion is taken into account; hysteresis is predicted. Two models are used to demonstrate the technique: a rigid wing on an elastic support experiencing plunge and pitch about the elastic axis, and an elastic wing rigidly supported at the root chord experiencing spanwise bending and twisting. The method can be readily extended to account for structural nonlinearities and/or substitute aerodynamic load models. The time domain solution coupled with the unsteady vortex-lattice method provides the capability of graphically depicting wing and wake motion.

Strganac, Thomas W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Analytical prediction of the unsteady lift on a rotor caused by downstream struts

A two-dimensional, inviscid, incompressible procedure is presented for predicting the unsteady lift on turbomachinery blades caused by the upstream potential disturbance of downstream flow obstructions. Using the Douglas-Neumann singularity superposition potential flow computer program to model the downstream flow obstructions, classical equations of thin airfoil theory are then employed, to compute the unsteady lift on the upstream rotor blades. The method is applied to a particular geometry which consists of a rotor, a downstream stator, and downstream struts which support the engine casing. Very good agreement between the Douglas-Neumann program and experimental measurements was obtained for the downstream stator-strut flow field. The calculations for the unsteady lift due to the struts were in good agreement with the experiments in showing that the unsteady lift due to the struts decays exponentially with increased axial separation of the rotor and the struts. An application of the method showed that for a given axial spacing between the rotor and the strut, strut-induced unsteady lift is a very weak function of the axial or circumferential position of the stator.

Taylor, A. C., III↗
NASA NTRS1989

Unsteady aerodynamics of blade rows

The requirements placed on an unsteady aerodynamic theory intended for turbomachinery aeroelastic or aeroacoustic applications are discussed along with a brief description of the various theoretical models that are available to address these requirements. The major emphasis is placed on the description of a linearized inviscid theory which fully accounts for the affects of a nonuniform mean or steady flow on unsteady aerodynamic response. Although this linearization was developed primarily for blade flutter prediction, more general equations are presented which account for unsteady excitations due to incident external aerodynamic disturbances as well as those due to prescribed blade motions. The motivation for this linearized unsteady aerodynamic theory is focused on, its physical and mathematical formulation is outlined and examples are presented to illustrate the status of numerical solution procedures and several effects of mean flow nonuniformity on unsteady aerodynamic response.

Verdon, Joseph M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Assessment of numerical techniques for unsteady flow calculations

The characteristics of unsteady flow motions have long been a serious concern in the study of various fluid dynamic and combustion problems. With the advancement of computer resources, numerical approaches to these problems appear to be feasible. The objective of this paper is to assess the accuracy of several numerical schemes for unsteady flow calculations. In the present study, Fourier error analysis is performed for various numerical schemes based on a two-dimensional wave equation. Four methods sieved from the error analysis are then adopted for further assessment. Model problems include unsteady quasi-one-dimensional inviscid flows, two-dimensional wave propagations, and unsteady two-dimensional inviscid flows. According to the comparison between numerical and exact solutions, although second-order upwind scheme captures the unsteady flow and wave motions quite well, it is relatively more dissipative than sixth-order central difference scheme. Among various numerical approaches tested in this paper, the best performed one is Runge-Kutta method for time integration and six-order central difference for spatial discretization.

Hsieh, Kwang-Chung↗
NASA NTRS1990

Unsteady potential flow past a propeller blade section

An analytical study was conducted to predict the effect of an oscillating stream on the time dependent sectional pressure and lift coefficients of a model propeller blade. The assumption is that as the blade sections encounter a wake, the actual angles of attack vary in a sinusoidal manner through the wake, thus each blade is exposed to an unsteady stream oscillating about a mean value at a certain reduced frequency. On the other hand, an isolated propeller at some angle of attack can experience periodic changes in the value of the flow angle causing unsteady loads on the blades. Such a flow condition requires the inclusion of new expressions in the formulation of the unsteady potential flow around the blade sections. These expressions account for time variation of angle of attack and total shed vortices in the wake of each airfoil section. It was found that the final expressions for the unsteady pressure distribution on each blade section are periodic and that the unsteady circulation and lift coefficients exhibit a hysteresis loop.

Takallu, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Implicit flux-split Euler schemes for unsteady aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes

Improved algorithms for the solution of the time-dependent Euler equations are presented for unsteady aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes. The improvements have been developed recently to the spatial and temporal discretizations used by unstructured grid flow solvers. The spatial discretization involves a flux-split approach which is naturally dissipative and captures shock waves sharply with at most one grid point within the shock structure. The temporal discretization involves an implicit time-integration shceme using a Gauss-Seidel relaxation procedure which is computationally efficient for either steady or unsteady flow problems. For example, very large time steps may be used for rapid convergence to steady state, and the step size for unsteady cases may be selected for temporal accuracy rather than for numerical stability. Steady and unsteady flow results are presented for the NACA 0012 airfoil to demonstrate applications of the new Euler solvers. The unsteady results were obtained for the airfoil pitching harmonically about the quarter chord. The resulting instantaneous pressure distributions and lift and moment coefficients during a cycle of motion compare well with experimental data. The paper presents a description of the Euler solvers along with results and comparisons which assess the capability.

Batina, John T.↗