Materials Data on Yb2Te3 by Materials Project
(YbTe)2Te crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one tellurium molecule and two ytterbium telluride molecules.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
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Materials Data on Yb3H by Materials Project
(Yb)6H2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hydrogen molecules and six ytterbium molecules.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Metal-Organic Framework-based Luminescent Sensors for Rare Earth Elements
Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial for many applications and are particularly important in wind power and electric vehicle technologies, spurring projected demand increases for REEs in coming decades. However, the REE supply is restricted by a monopolistic global marketplace, tedious and costly processing steps for REE production, and environmental hazards associated with mining and processing. Coal and coal-utilization byproducts have emerged as potential domestic sources for REEs, however REE production from these sources is currently hindered by slow and expensive characterization techniques. Here, we demonstrate that metal-organic framework (MOF)-based sensitizers can effectively serve as luminescent sensors capable of rapidly detecting and distinguishing part-per-billion concentration levels of emissive REEs, including terbium, europium, dysprosium, samarium, neodymium, and ytterbium. Importantly, we demonstrate that the MOF structure plays a significant role in tuning the selectivity of the MOF for REEs in acidic environments, an essential step towards deployment in various REE-rich process streams. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate sensitive and reversible detection of REEs using a portable fiber-optic spectrometer
Crawford, Scott↗
Impact of Lanthanide Complexation and Temperature on the Chemical Reactivity of N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) with the Dodecane Radical Cation
The impact of lanthanide (Ln) metal ion complexation and temperature on the chemical reactivity of N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) with the dodecane radical cation (RH?+) has been measured by electron pulse radiolysis. Complexation of trivalent neodymium (Nd), gadolinium (Gd), and ytterbium (Yb) by TODGA yielded [Ln(TODGA)3(NO3)3] complexes that exhibited significantly increased reactivity (up to 9.3×) with the RH?+ radical cation, relative to the “free” ligand: k([Ln(TODGA)3(NO3)3] + RH?+) = (8.99 ± 0.93) × 1010, (2.88 ± 0.40) × 1010, and (1.53 ± 0.34) × 1010 M–1 s–1, for Nd(III), Gd(III), and Yb(III), respectively. The kinetic enhancement measured for both ligands exhibited a dependence on atomic number. Arrhenius parameters—specifically activation energies (Ea) and pre-exponential factors (A)—were determined for the reaction of “free” TODGA ligand with the RH?+ radical cation, giving: Ea(TODGA) = 17.43 ± 1.64 kJ mol–1, and A(TODGA) = (1.08 ± 0.02) × 1013 M–1 s–1. This draft manuscript has been prepared in fulfillment of Milestone M4FT-22IN030402024.
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
Zintl compounds with high thermoelectric performance and methods of manufacture thereof
Systems and methods discussed herein relate to Zintl-type thermoelectric materials, including a p-type thermoelectric material according to the formula AM y X y , and includes at least one of calcium (Ca), europium (Eu), ytterbium (Yb), and strontium (Sr), and has a ZT of the above about 0.60 above 675K. The n-type thermoelectric component includes magnesium (Mg), tellurium (Te), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi) according to the formula Mg 3.2 Sb 1.3 Bi 0.5-x Te x that has an average ZT above 0.8 from 400K to 800K. The p-type and n-type materials discussed herein may be used alone, in combination with other materials, or in combination with each other in various configurations.
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
Quantification of the REE 3+ aqua ions and chloride species in aqueous fluids by in situ Raman spectroscopy using perturbations of the water band
Acidic NaCl-rich aqueous fluids play a crucial role in forming hydrothermal rare earth elements (REE) mineral deposits. Aqueous REE mobility is mostly controlled by the stabilities of REE 3+ and REE chloride species. Our current knowledge of REE speciation is based on solubility data, thermodynamic models and in situ spectroscopic measurements, sometimes coupled with molecular simulations. Here, in this study, we investigate Nd and Yb speciation in pH2 Cl-bearing solutions at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa with variable Cl/REE ratios using Raman Spectroscopy in solutions with 0.1 to 0.6 mol/kg NdCl 3 or YbCl 3 and 0.2 to 3.2 mol/kg NaCl. Due to the challenges in resolving the REE-Cl band, we developed a new method using the water vibrational mode and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis. The Raman spectra for the vibrational band of water (2700 to 3900 cm –1 ) were collected at 25 °C and fitted by three Gaussian sub-peaks, then quantified using MCR analysis to de-convolute the water band into bulk H 2 O and the perturbations caused by of Cl – , REE 3+ , and REE chloride species. REE speciation based on the perturbations of the water band indicates that REE 3+ aqua ions dominate acidic solutions at 25 °C, but up to ~20 mol% YbCl 2+ forms at high YbCl 3 concentrations. The new method is promising for quantifying in situ speciation of the REE 3+ aqua ions and REE chloride species in aqueous fluids while providing information on the hydration of ions. This method improves our molecular level understanding of REE aqueous species stability and their role in REE mobilization during fluid-rock interaction.
58 GEOSCIENCES↗
Influence of TiO 2 on the densification behaviour of Yb 2 O 3
The effect of temperature and heating rate on the densification of ytterbia (Yb 2 O 3 ), with and without titania (TiO 2 ) doping was investigated. It is shown that up to a certain doping level, titania doping enhances the densification behaviour of ytterbia. The effect of titania doping on crystal structure confirms that titania is substitutionally incorporated in ytterbia up to the solubility limit, which corresponds well with the densification results. The increased densification rate of titania-doped ytterbia is attributed to the formation of cation vacancy and lattice distortion. Using constant heating rate experiments, the activation energy for densification has been calculated and it is shown that in the intermediate density range (60% to 85%), the activation energy is independent of the density. Furthermore, titania doping increases the activation energy for densification.
20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
First-order crosstalk mitigation in parallel quantum gates driven with multi-photon transitions
Here, we demonstrate an order of magnitude reduction in the sensitivity to optical crosstalk for neighboring trapped-ion qubits during simultaneous single-qubit gates driven with individual addressing beams. Gates are implemented via two-photon Raman transitions, where crosstalk is mitigated by offsetting the drive frequencies for each qubit to avoid first-order crosstalk effects from inter-beam two-photon resonance. The technique is simple to implement, and we find that phase-dependent crosstalk due to optical interference is reduced on the most impacted neighbor from a maximal fractional rotation error of 0.185(4) without crosstalk mitigation to ≤0.006 with the mitigation strategy. Furthermore, we characterize first-order crosstalk in the two-qubit gate and avoid the resulting rotation errors for the arbitrary-axis Mølmer–Sørensen gate via a phase-agnostic composite gate. Finally, we demonstrate holistic system performance by constructing a composite CNOT gate using the improved single-qubit gates and phase-agnostic two-qubit gate. This work is done on the Quantum Scientific Computing Open User Testbed; however, our methods are widely applicable for individual addressing Raman gates and impose no significant overhead, enabling immediate improvement for quantum processors that incorporate this technique.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Effect of hydrothermal synthesis conditions on up-conversion luminescence intensity of β-NaYF{sub 4} : Er{sup 3+}, Yb{sup 3+} submicron particles
The differences in the luminescence intensities of up-conversion β-NaYF{sub 4} : Er{sup 3+}, Yb{sup 3+} particles synthesised by the hydrothermal method under various synthesis conditions are studied. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that in order to achieve the maximum luminescence intensity in such particles, it is necessary to use ammonium fluoride and a medium with pH = 3. In this case, the length of the particles increases, up to the formation of rod-shaped particles. Based on the data on the size of the coherent scattering region and on microstresses, we can assume that the particles are polycrystals. At the same time, limiting the size of the coherent scattering region is possible due to the defective structure. When the nanoparticles are synthesised in a medium with pH = 3, hydrolysed regions containing OH groups are formed on the crystallite surface. The presence of these groups does not affect the intensity of up-conversion luminescence of submicron-size particles. (paper)
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Following the reviews of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data in 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021, the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) reports changes of standard atomic weights. The symbol A r°(E) was selected for standard atomic weight of an element to distinguish it from the atomic weight of an element E in a specific substance P, designated A r(E, P). The CIAAW has changed the values of the standard atomic weights of five elements based on recent determinations of terrestrial isotopic abundances. The standard atomic weight of argon and lead have changed to an interval to reflect that the natural variation in isotopic composition exceeds the measurement uncertainty of A r(Ar) and A r(Pb) in a specific substance. The standard atomic weights and/or the uncertainties of fourteen elements have been changed based on the Atomic Mass Evaluations 2016 and 2020 accomplished under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). A r° of Ho, Tb, Tm and Y were changed in 2017 and again updated in 2021.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗