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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 901 records · Page 50

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NASA NTRS2012

Evaluation of Atmospheric Loading and Improved Troposphere Modelling

Forward modeling of non-tidal atmospheric loading displacements at geodetic tracking stations have not routinely been included in Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositionning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) or Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) station analyses for either POD applications or reference frame determination. The displacements which are computed from 6-hourly models such as the ECMWF and can amount to 3-10 mm in the east, north and up components depending on the tracking station locations. We evaluate the application of atmospheric loading in a number ways using the NASA GSFC GEODYN software: First we assess the impact on SLR & DORIS-determined orbits such as Jason-2, where we evaluate the impact on the tracking data RMS of fit and how the total orbits are changed with the application of this correction. Preliminary results show an RMS radial change of 0.5 mm for Jason-2 over 54 cycles and a total change in the Z-centering of the orbit of 3 mm peak-to-peak over one year. We also evaluate the effects on other DORIS-satellites such as Cryosat-2, Envisat and the SPOT satellites. In the second step, we produce two SINEX time series based on data from available DORIS satellites and assess the differences in WRMS, scale and Helmert translation parameters. Troposphere refraction is obviously an important correction for radiometric data types such as DORIS. We evaluate recent improvements in DORIS processing at GSFC including the application of the Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1) grids with a-priori hydrostatic (VZHDs) and wet (VZWDs) zenith delays. We reduce the gridded VZHD at the stations height using pressure and temperature derived from GPT (strategy 1) and Saastamoinen. We discuss the validation of the VMF1 implementation and its application to the Jason-2 POD processing, compared to corrections using the Niell mapping function and the GMF. Using one year of data, we also assess the impact of the new troposphere corrections on the DORIS-only solutions, most importantly on the scale of the weekly solutions.

Zelensky, Nikita P.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Smart Meter Data: A Gateway for Reducing Solar Soft Costs with Model-Free Hosting Capacity Maps

Public-facing solar hosting capacity (HC) maps, which show the maximum amount of solar energy that can be installed at a location without adverse effects, have proven to be a key driver of solar soft cost reductions through a variety of pathways (e.g., streamlining interconnection, siting, and customer acquisition processes). However, current methods for generating HC maps require detailed grid models and time-consuming simulations that limit both their accuracy and scalability—today, only a handful out of almost 2,000 utilities provide these maps. This project developed and validated data-driven algorithms for calculating solar HC using data from AMI without the need of detailed grid models or simulations. The algorithms were validated on utility datasets and incorporated as an application into NRECA’s Open Modeling Framework (OMF.coop) for the over 260 coops and vendors throughout the US to use. The OMF is free and open-source for everyone.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

NASA NTRS1973

Interdisciplinary applications and interpretations of ERTS data within the Susquehanna River Basin; resources inventory, land use and pollution

The author has identified the following significant results. Identification and mapping of three major kinds of coal refuse targets based on spectral signatures in channels four through seven of the ERTS-1 MSS were conducted. Correlation of the placement of the coal refuse targets with an existing map of their location was accomplished. Digital processing of ERTS-1 data permitted identification of stripped areas including ones that are not discernible by visual analysis of ERTS imagery. Combined visual and digital techniques of analyzing ERTS-1 data for geologic formations have been tried on selected areas of Pennsylvania. Mapping of two major agriculture counties to show land forms, drainage patterns, water, and urban areas were made using positive transparencies of MSS data. Two frames of the same central Pennsylvania area were brought into registration by translation and then merged even though the frames were obtained 71 days apart.

Mcmurtry, G. J.↗

NASA NTRS2021

Inversion of Magnetic Measurements of the Swarm A Satellite of the Bangui Magnetic Anomaly

We wanted to make a satellite altitude magnetic anomaly map of the large magnetic anomaly in the Central African Republic, the Bangui magnetic anomaly, with data from the Swarm satellites. In the first part of our study, we summarize the earlier investigations and their interpretation. In the second we discuss our data processing applied to produce a magnetic anomaly map. We used the IGRF 12th to remove the long-wavelength regional anomalies. We will use an inverse procedure, which always requires a solution of the direct problem, and a horizontal polygonal prism given in the Descartes coordinate system. For this, reason the total magnetic anomaly was transformed into the Descartes coordinate system. The magnetization and its direction were used from our previous paper. The inverse problem is solved by the Simplex procedure. Our selected polygon has 14 geometrical parameters however, the inverse problem that is the numerical determination of the minimum problem is solved in the 14 dimensions. The result of our inverse problem was the 12 horizontal coordinates and the two upper and lower data of the polygon. The origin of the Bangui anomaly has been discussed in several scientific reports, either as a deep crustal tectonic feature or the result of a large external impactor. However, according to our inversion computations we cannot make any unambiguous finding for the origin of this feature. The inaccuracy in our total anomaly map is given by the Gaussian error propagation.

KI Kis↗

NASA NTRS1983

Radar for Mapping Sea Ice

X-band system has 100-m2 resolution. Wide swath imaging radar of synthetic aperature type transmits signal to ground station for subsequent processing into imagery. Concept meets functional requirements for continuously mapping sea ice in north and south polar regions.

Barath, F. T.↗

DOE OSTI2016

SynTrack: DNA Assembly Workflow Management (SynTrack) v2.0.1

SynTrack is a dynamic, workflow-driven data management system that tracks the DNA build process: Management of the hierarchical relationships of the DNA fragments; Monitoring of process tasks for the assembly of multiple DNA fragments into final constructs; Creations of vendor order forms with selectable building blocks. Organizing plate layouts barcodes for vendor/pcr/fusion/chewback/bioassay/glycerol/master plate maps (default/condensed); Creating or updating Pre-Assembly/Assembly process workflows with selected building blocks; Generating Echo pooling instructions based on plate maps; Tracking of building block orders, received and final assembled for delivering; Bulk updating of colony or PCR amplification information, fusion PCR and chewback results; Updating with QA/QC outcome with .csv & .xlsx template files; Re-work assembly workflow enabled before and after sequencing validation; and Tracking of plate/well data changes and status updates and reporting of master plate status with QC outcomes.

MENG, XIANWEI↗

NASA NTRS2008

Hail Size Distribution Mapping

A 3-D weather radar visualization software program was developed and implemented as part of an experimental Launch Pad 39 Hail Monitor System. 3DRadPlot, a radar plotting program, is one of several software modules that form building blocks of the hail data processing and analysis system (the complete software processing system under development). The spatial and temporal mapping algorithms were originally developed through research at the University of Central Florida, funded by NASA s Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), where the goal was to merge National Weather Service (NWS) Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) volume reflectivity data with drop size distribution data acquired from a cluster of raindrop disdrometers. In this current work, we adapted these algorithms to process data from a cluster of hail disdrometers positioned around Launch Pads 39A or 39B, along with the corresponding NWS radar data. Radar data from all NWS NEXRAD sites is archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). That data can be readily accessed at . 3DRadPlot plots Level III reflectivity data at four scan elevations (this software is available at Open Channel Software, ). By using spatial and temporal interpolation/extrapolation based on hydrometeor fall dynamics, we can merge the hail disdrometer array data coupled with local Weather Surveillance Radar-1988, Doppler (WSR-88D) radial velocity and reflectivity data into a 4-D (3-D space and time) picture of hail size distributions. Hail flux maps can then be generated and used for damage prediction and assessment over specific surfaces corresponding to structures within the disdrometer array volume. Immediately following a hail storm, specific damage areas and degree of damage can be identified for inspection crews.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1978

Global color variations on the Martian surface

Spectral reflectance data from the Viking-II Orbiter vidicon cameras have provided a means of mapping and classifying Martian surface materials over about 65% of the planet. The imagery, acquired at three wavelengths, was processed to remove an average Martian photometric function; albedo maps at the three wavelengths were created. Analysis of the imagery showed that the dark region between the equator and about 30 deg S in the Martian highlands consists of ancient ridges, crater rims and rugged plateaus which are very red, and younger intercrater volcanic plains exhibiting mare ridges which are much less red. In addition probable eolian deposits were found in the intermediate and high albedo regions.

Soderblom, L. A.↗

NASA NTRS2019

A Long-Term Vision for Space-Based Interferometry

The processes leading to the formation of planets; the extreme physics occurring near the event horizon of black holes; detailed studies of exoplanets through spectral-spatial mapping: new and unique insights into the physical processes involved across nearly the whole gamut of astrophysics await discovery at small angular scales. The fine spatial resolution needed to explore these processes, however, lies beyond the capabilities of current astronomical facilities and nearly all proposed future facilities. Interferometers can crack this angular resolution problem, and space-based interferometry missions promise to explore entirely new regions of scientific phase space, providing unique new insights into the physical processes lurking at small angular scales.

Rinehart, S. A.↗

DOE OSTI2023

From BEYONDPLANCK to COSMOGLOBE: Preliminary WMAP Q -band analysis

We present the first application of the COSMOGLOBE analysis framework by analyzing nine-year WMAP time-ordered observations that uses similar machinery to that of BEYONDPLANCK for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI). We analyzed only the Q-band (41 GHz) data and report on the low-level analysis process based on uncalibrated time-ordered data to calibrated maps. Most of the existing BEYONDPLANCK pipeline may be reused for WMAP analysis with minimal changes to the existing codebase. The main modification is the implementation of the same preconditioned biconjugate gradient mapmaker used by the WMAP team. Producing a single WMAP Q1-band sample requires 22 CPU-hrs, which is slightly more than the cost of a Planck 44 GHz sample of 17 CPU-hrs; this demonstrates that a full end-to-end Bayesian processing of the WMAP data is computationally feasible. In general, our recovered maps are very similar to the maps released by the WMAP team, although with two notable differences. In terms of temperature, we find a ~2 μK quadrupole difference that most likely is caused by different gain modeling, while in polarization we find a distinct 2.5 μK signal that has been previously referred to as poorly measured modes by the WMAP team. In the COSMOGLOBE processing, this pattern arises from temperature-to-polarization leakage from the coupling between the CMB Solar dipole, transmission imbalance, and sidelobes. No traces of this pattern are found in either the frequency map or TOD residual map, suggesting that the current processing has succeeded in modeling these poorly measured modes within the assumed parametric model by using Planck information to break the sky-synchronous degeneracies inherent in the WMAP scanning strategy.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1975

Recent processed results from the Skylab S-192 multispectral scanner

Results of mapping of rock types from the White Sands, New Mexico area using digital tape data from the Skylab S-192 multispectral scanner are presented. Spectral recognition techniques were used to process the geological data and signatures were extracted from the training sets using a set of promising ratio features defined by analysis of ERSIS (Earth Resources Spectral Information System). An analysis of ERSIS spectra of rock types yielded 24 promising spectral channel ratio features for separating the rock types into precambrian, calcareous, and clay materials and those containing ferric iron.

Thomson, F. J.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Stereo mapping with the Viking Lander camera imagery

Stereomapping techniques applicable to the processing of imagery from facsimile cameras on board the Viking Mars landing vehicles are discussed. Two methods of stereomapping are considered: use of a gnomonic projection to transform the digital imagery to an equivalent of a perspective projection by computerized rectification through image processing; and interfacing a high-speed digital computer to an analytical plotter so that rectification and corrections proceed in real time. Contour maps produced during tests of the Viking Lander cameras, as well as maps of the area surrounding the Viking Lander on the Martian surface, are presented.

Wu, S. S. C.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Assigning Optical Absorption Transitions with Light-Induced Crystal Structures: Case Study of a Single-Crystal Nanooptomechanical Transducer

UV/vis absorption spectroscopy affords indirect structural information about the photochemistry and photophysics of molecules by inferring types of electronic transitions from spectral features. Direct structural information would become available, though, if light-induced crystal structures could be mapped against changes in optical absorption spectra as a photochemical process evolves. We present a series of light-induced crystal structures that track real-time changes in solid-state optical absorption spectra of a crystalline nanooptomechanical transducer, while the transduction process unfolds within its crystal lattice at 100 K. Results afford a combined structural and spectral mapping of its solid-state optical absorption, from which the operational mechanism of nanooptomechanical transduction is revealed. Metal-to-ligand and metal-centered charge-transfer bands are assigned to optical absorption peaks directly from their 3-D light-induced crystal structures. This approach could be used to characterize many solid-state optoelectronic materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2022

Kilauea Magnetotelluric Dataset

In 2002 and 2003 a collaborative effort was undertaken between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the USGS Menlo Park, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and Electromagnetic Instruments Inc. to study the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii using the magnetotelluric (MT) technique. The work was motivated by a desire to improve understanding of the magma reservoirs and conduits within Kilauea and the East and Southwest Rift zones, which has implications for understanding Kilaueas plumbing system. An improved understanding of the rift zones has implications in understanding large-scale landslides that are generated in the Hilina Slump, which produce significant impacts on coastal communities. Up to eight stations operated simultaneously, with multiple remote reference sites, and data were processed using multi-station robust processing techniques. In total, data were acquired at 70 sites over the Southwest and East rift zones. Good to excellent quality data were obtained even in the harshest conditions, such as those encountered on the fresh lava flows of the East Rift Zone (ERZ), where electrical contact resistances are on the order of 100 kOhm. This data supports the continuing efforts to increase geothermal power on the island of Hawaii. Each of the 70 EDI files are the MT impedance tensors for 1 site. There is also a description of the processing of the data and a site map showing the locations of each site.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗

NASA NTRS2016

Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Fidelity Discrete Data Transfer Using Degenerate Geometry Forms

In a typical multi-fidelity design process, different levels of geometric abstraction are used for different analysis methods, and transitioning from one phase of design to the next often requires a complete re-creation of the geometry. To maintain consistency between lower-order and higher-order analysis results, Vehicle Sketch Pad (OpenVSP) recently introduced the ability to generate and export several degenerate forms of the geometry, representing the type of abstraction required to perform low- to medium-order analysis for a range of aeronautical disciplines. In this research, the functionality of these degenerate models was extended, so that in addition to serving as repositories for the geometric information that is required as input to an analysis, the degenerate models can also store the results of that analysis mapped back onto the geometric nodes. At the same time, the results are also mapped indirectly onto the nodes of lower-order degenerate models using a process called aggregation, and onto higher-order models using a process called disaggregation. The mapped analysis results are available for use by any subsequent analysis in an integrated design and analysis process. A simple multi-fidelity analysis process for a single-aisle subsonic transport aircraft is used as an example case to demonstrate the value of the approach.

Olson, Erik D.↗

DOE OSTI2023

High-speed mapping of surface charge dynamics using sparse scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy

Unraveling local dynamic charge processes is vital for progress in diverse fields, from microelectronics to energy storage. This relies on the ability to map charge carrier motion across multiple length- and timescales and understanding how these processes interact with the inherent material heterogeneities. Towards addressing this challenge, we introduce high-speed sparse scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, which combines sparse scanning and image reconstruction. This approach is shown to enable sub-second imaging (>3 frames per second) of nanoscale charge dynamics, representing several orders of magnitude improvement over traditional Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging rates. Bridging this improved spatiotemporal resolution with macroscale device measurements, we successfully visualize electrochemically mediated diffusion of mobile surface ions on a LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 planar device. Such processes are known to impact band-alignment and charge-transfer dynamics at these heterointerfaces. Furthermore, we monitor the diffusion of oxygen vacancies at the single grain level in polycrystalline TiO 2 . Through temperature-dependent measurements, we identify a charge diffusion activation energy of 0.18 eV, in good agreement with previously reported values and confirmed by DFT calculations. Together, these findings highlight the effectiveness and versatility of our method in understanding ionic charge carrier motion in microelectronics or nanoscale material systems.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Geologic Maps for Civil Engineering and Infrastructure Planning

The Artemis Program mandate for sustainable, long-term presence on the Moon requires learning to "Live Off the Land". Geologic maps enable a paradigm shift to model the development and scaling of infrastructure for robotic and human exploration inside a bounded system on the lunar surface. Relying on geologic maps produced from orbital data and robotic precursor missions, in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) will be required to produce infrastructure, building materials and consumables. The ISRU value chain must be mapped to identify linkages of resources, producers, processes and equipment capabilities for transforming excavated regolith into usable feedstocks. Coordination will be required to balance supply and demand across the whole system of lunar infrastructure and operations, at each stage of development.

Geologic Mapping↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-27483-DND

scene to retrieve their microphysical properties. The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Project uses the infrared channels (6.72 Âμm, 7.33 Âμm, 13.3 Âμm,13.6 Âμm, 13.9 Âμm, and 14.2 Âμm) available on the Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) to build its algorithms to retrieval cloud properties. Unfortunately, The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board Suomi-NPP (National Polar-Orbiting Partnership) lacks these particular measurements. While conducting research using VIIRS data, it is desirable to bring these data into the VIIRS resolution. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), which is also on board Suomi-NPP, has these infrared channels. This paper describes a method to map the CrIS spectral radiances of CO2 and water vapor to VIIRS, with the mapping software in ATOVS and AVHRR Pre-processing (AAPP) package provided by Satellite Application Facilities for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP SAF). This method is validated comparing mapped10.763 Âμm from CrIS with M15 from VIIRS. The mapped CO2 and water vapor channels were then created and combined with the conventional VIIRS product, as well as compared against corresponding channels of Aqua MODIS instrument.

Yan Chen↗