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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Integrated Data Analysis (IDCA) Program - PETN Class 4 Standard

The Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program is conducting a proficiency study for Small- Scale Safety and Thermal (SSST) testing of homemade explosives (HMEs). Described here are the results for impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of PETN Class 4. The PETN was found to have: 1) an impact sensitivity (DH 50 ) range of 6 to 12 cm, 2) a BAM friction sensitivity (F 50 ) range 7 to 11 kg, TIL (0/10) of 3.7 to 7.2 kg, 3) a ABL friction sensitivity threshold of 5 or less psig at 8 fps, 4) an ABL ESD sensitivity threshold of 0.031 to 0.326 j/g, and 5) a thermal sensitivity of an endothermic feature with T min = ~ 141 °C, and a exothermic feature with a T max = ~205°C.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Molecule@MOF: A New Class of Opto-electronic Materials.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are extended, nanoporous crystalline compounds consisting of metal ions interconnected by organic ligands. Their synthetic versatility suggest a disruptive class of opto - electronic materials with a high degree of electrical tunability and without the property - degrading disorder of organic conductors. In this project we determined the factors controlling charge and energy transport in MOFs and evaluated their potential for thermoelectric energy conversion. Two strategies for a chieving electronic conductivity in MOFs were explored: 1) using redox active 'guest' molecules introduced into the pores to dope the framework via charge - transfer coupling (Guest@MOF), 2) metal organic graphene analogs (MOGs) with dispersive band structur es arising from strong electronic overlap between the MOG metal ions and its coordinating linker groups. Inkjet deposition methods were developed to facilitate integration of the guest@MOF and MOG materials into practical devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

A new class of tandems: Optically coupled III-V/silicon module with outdoor efficiency exceeding 30%

The aim of this project was to introduce a new class of technology—that of high-efficiency silicon-based tandem photovoltaic (PV) modules—that, with follow-on development, has a clear path to reduced levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for utility-scale power generation. In particular, the objective of the project was to demonstrate the first 30%-efficient III-V/silicon module in outdoor conditions using a tandem geometry in which the sub-cells are detached physically but coupled optically. In present PV power plants installed in the US, the module makes up only approximately one-third of the cost; area-dependent balance-of-systems (BOS) costs such as installation materials, labor, land, and site prep made up an additional third, and area-independent BOS costs round out the final third. With this pricing structure, (annually averaged) module efficiency is a clear market driver: increase the annual energy output per module and the effective costs translated into $/W of both the module and the area-dependent BOS—two-thirds of the total cost—decrease proportionately. However, the dominant PV technology—flat-plate silicon modules—is reaching its theoretical efficiency limit, and thus a tandem technology in which silicon is coupled with a wider-bandgap cell is a promising route to remain responsive to market forces. As it is not trivial to couple silicon with other cells in conventional two-terminal geometries due to, e.g., lattice mismatch, this project introduced a new, four-terminal configuration using a “PVMirror.” A PVMirror utilizes PV cells as a three-in-one technology—they act as a concentrating mirror, spectrum splitter, and high-efficiency light-to-electricity converter. Light is incident upon a full-aperture dichroic mirror that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light. The transmitted light is absorbed in silicon PV cells that are placed behind the dichroic mirror and that convert IR photons to electricity with high efficiency. The dichroic mirror and silicon PV cells are affixed to a curved glass trough that tracks the sun about a single, North-South axis such that the reflected VIS light is concentrated at a common line focus, at which is placed a second, wider-bandgap GaAs PV cell having high efficiency at shorter wavelengths. The innovation of PVMirrors lies in their design, which maximizes annual energy output and minimizes the constraints placed on the sub-cells. In particular, the cells are free of lattice- and current-matching restrictions, neither cell requires a transparent rear electrode, and either sub-cell can be placed at the focus depending on their relative costs. Furthermore, the greatest benefit of PVMirrors is that they make use of a portion of the diffuse light whereas concentrator tandems cannot. This results in a benefit in energy yield and extends PVMirrors’ competitive range. Over the course of this one-year project, a silicon PVMirror and GaAs receiver were fabricated, characterized, and placed outdoors on a sun tracker, where the efficiency of the tandem “module” was measured for three days. Notable results include the first demonstration of this flexible tandem configuration, a maximum tandem efficiency of 29.6% (just shy of the 30% overall project goal), successful conversion of diffuse light into electricity, a thorough loss analysis indicating a path to over 31% efficiency, and a roadmap to cost-competitive PVMirror tandems using a wide-bandgap polycrystalline PVMirror and a silicon receiver. Development of a >18%-efficient wide-bandgap polycrystalline cell—the key enabler of this envisioned tandem—should be a future research focus. This project has laid the groundwork for a PV technology that, with continued development, has the potential to reach LCOEs as low as $0.03/kWh according to our calculations. Such a system would provide the public with inexpensive, clean solar power.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2017

Evaluation of a Class of Simple and Effective Uncertainty Methods for Sparse Samples of Random Variables and Functions

When very few samples of a random quantity are available from a source distribution of unknown shape, it is usually not possible to accurately infer the exact distribution from which the data samples come. Under-estimation of important quantities such as response variance and failure probabilities can result. For many engineering purposes, including design and risk analysis, we attempt to avoid under-estimation with a strategy to conservatively estimate (bound) these types of quantities -- without being overly conservative -- when only a few samples of a random quantity are available from model predictions or replicate experiments. This report examines a class of related sparse-data uncertainty representation and inference approaches that are relatively simple, inexpensive, and effective. Tradeoffs between the methods' conservatism, reliability, and risk versus number of data samples (cost) are quantified with multi-attribute metrics use d to assess method performance for conservative estimation of two representative quantities: central 95% of response; and 10 -4 probability of exceeding a response threshold in a tail of the distribution. Each method's performance is characterized with 10,000 random trials on a large number of diverse and challenging distributions. The best method and number of samples to use in a given circumstance depends on the uncertainty quantity to be estimated, the PDF character, and the desired reliability of bounding the true value. On the basis of this large data base and study, a strategy is proposed for selecting the method and number of samples for attaining reasonable credibility levels in bounding these types of quantities when sparse samples of random variables or functions are available from experiments or simulations.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Alkali-activated Class F Fly Ash-rich Portland Cement Blends as Alternative Thermal Shock Resistant Cements

This study focused on evaluating the resistance of 300°C-autocalved alkali-activing Class F fly ash (FAF)-rich Type II Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) blends with 80/20 and 90/10 FAF/OPC ratios to five thermal-shock (TS) fatigue cycles (one cycle, 600°C heat – 25°C water quenching). The factors to be evaluated included the hydration behaviors, crystalline/ amorphous phaseidentifications, -compositions and -transformations, and microstructural-developments andalterations for blended cements assembled by three different alkaline activators, sodium metasilicate (SMS), soda ash (SA), and sodium sulfate (SS). All factors were related directory to the changes in compressive strength after TS testing. The setting time of cement slurries at 25° and 85°C depended on the alkaline activators; SMS and SA contributing to a strong alkalinity hastened setting, while SS with moderate alkalinity extended the setting time. A more prolonged setting time was observed from non-activated cement. In this case, there were two separated hydration reactions: The first reaction was the hydration of OPC; the second one was associated with the dissolution and pozzolanic activity of FAF. In contrast, all alkali- activated cements engendered the concomitant hydration of OPC and FAF, thereby conferring a higher compressive strength on them than that of the non-activator one. The principal contributor to the development of strength of both the non-activated and activated cements at 300°C was the amorphous NaO 2 - or CaO-Al 2 O 3 - SiO 2 -H 2 O (N,C-A-S-H) phase formed by the interactions between alkaline activator, OPC, and FAF. This phase played an important role in minimizing the loss in strength after TS. On the other hand, adding SMS and SA introduced the mixed crystalline FAF-OPC hydrates, such as garranite and wairakite, as the major phases, into the autoclaved cement bodies. Also, these activators induced the formation of two FAF-related crystalline hydrates, analcime as the major phase and riversidelite (0.9 nm tobermorite) as the minor one. However, these identified phases were sensitive to TS, so converting the major phases into minor phases or vanishment. In contrast, three crystalline phases including calcite and anhydrous sodium sulfate as the major ones and 1.1 nm tobermorite as the minor one, that formed in non-activated and activated cements remained unchanged after TS. Additionally, SAactivated cement revealed porous microstructure created by the incorporation of copious amount of carbonate reaction products into the cement, raising concerns that cements might enhance the rate of water transportation and reduce compressive strength. Nevertheless, TS-insensitive amorphous N,C-A-S-H phase as the major cementitions structure coexisting with TS-insensitive crystalline products were responsible for sustaining the integrity of alkali-activated FAF-rich OPC cement systems in such harsh heat-cooling fatigue environments.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Systems Biology and Pond Culture-based Understanding and Improvement of Metabolic Processes Related to Productivity in Diverse Microalgal Classes for Viable Biofuel Production

The overarching goal of this project was to understand and manipulate fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in maximizing growth rate and lipid accumulation in diverse classes of microalgae under authentic diurnal conditions to enhance production capabilities for biofuels. The research was aimed at filling two critical knowledge gaps by addressing fundamental cellular issues that govern growth and fuel molecule accumulation in conjunction with realistic climate-simulated cultivation: 1) The insufficient understanding of the effect of metabolic topology on cellular carbon partitioning and its regulation with regards to productivity. 2) The understudied effect of the diurnal and cell cycles on cellular metabolism, resource allocation, and resource mobilization under simulated production conditions. To unravel broader as well as lineage-specific regulatory mechanisms that determine productivity, we compared green algae with diatoms. Complementing the systems approach with a pond-based cultivation method under authentic diurnal conditions, we anticipated an understanding of how the effect of diurnal and cell cycles affects growth and lipid productivity. Elucidation of the topology and regulation of relevant metabolic networks in proposed new model organisms was expected to enable improvements in functional capabilities and biosynthetic pathways. The major goals of the project were achieved by the following accomplishments. Genome assemblies and functional annotations for the green algae S. obliquus strain DOE0152Z and Coleastrella sp. strain DOE0202. Development of a metabolic map for the core carbon metabolism for S. obliquus. Analyzed the cellular topology for the core carbon network and proposed differences in core carbon metabolism for the Chlorophyceae versus the Trebouxiophyceae. Discovered the genes for enzymes involved in dicarboxylic acid metabolism and proposed the existence of C4-type metabolism for S. obliquus. Calculated the energy and reducing equivalencies for TAG and isoprenoid biosynthesis based on the core carbon network created in this project. Identified one newly created strain SOM-P004 (UV-Mutagenesis), which performed better at higher culture densities than wild type in LEAPS reactors under simulated environmental conditions. Results obtained within the course of this project were used in 2017 to apply for a Community Science Program (CSP) at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI). The project (JGI Proposal Id: 503423) with the Title “Comparative genomics and germ plasm diversity in Acutodesmus, a green microalgal bioenergy feedstock candidate with potential for breeding and hybridization.” was selected for CSP 2018 for sequencing of up to 30 genomes of the alga A. obliquus (=S. obliquus). Our genome of the strain DOE0152Z serves as a reference for this new CSP project. Characterization of synchronized cultures of Cyclotella cryptica and the implications on productivity. Determination that some cellular pigments respond to light, but others to the cell cycle. Characterization of productivity of C. cryptica in PNNL ponds. Genome sequence and metabolic mapping of Marinichlorella kaistiae KAS603. Demonstration that some green algae store and utilize starch in the cytoplasm. Photorespiratory pathway clarified in T. pseudonana leading to a better understanding of carbon flux pathways in diatoms. Genome sequence determination, annotation, and comparison completed for C. cryptica, identifying potential metabolic differences that lead to high biomass and lipid accumulation ability for this species. Transcriptomic comparison of silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) limited triacylglycerol accumulation in Cyclotella cryptica.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Plasma Surface Interactions: Bridging from the Surface to the Micron Frontier through Leadership Class Computing (Final Technical Progress Report)

The performance demands on plasma-facing components (PFCs) in future fusion power plants are beyond the capability of current materials. In defining the plasma-surface interaction (PSI), it is evident that three coupled spatial regions influence PFC materials evolution and performance. These regions consist of (1) the edge and scrape-off layer region of the plasma, (2) the near-surface material response to extreme thermal and particle fluxes under the influence of, and feedback to, the plasma sheath, and (3) the structural material’s response to an intense, 14 MeV peaked neutron spectrum, which produces very high concentrations of transmuted elements through (n,p) and (n,α) reactions and structural material property degradation. The objective of this project is to develop and deploy validated, high-performance simulation tools capable of predicting the performance of tungsten-based plasma-facing components (PFCs) in a burning fusion plasma environment, which includes modeling surface morphology evolution in either erosion or re-deposition regimes, and the recycling of hydrogen species. This requires the development of a leadership-scale computational code to predict PFC behavior that is well integrated to a suite of multiscale modeling techniques to bridge the scales needed to address complex physical and computational issues at the plasma surface interface and the transition region below the surface where neutron damage processes in the bulk dominate material behavior. Successful completion of this project will provide PFC simulation tools to evaluate steady-state performance of tungsten-based PFC and divertor components in burning plasma environments. This will enable the identification of critical experiments to confirm whether practical PFC solutions exist for magnetic fusion energy beyond ITER. More specifically, the research activities within this project focus on two broadly defined research thrusts: 1) Developing a new simulation code, Xolotl-PSI to predict PFC operating lifetime and performance, that is specifically designed to take advantage of leadership class computing facilities; and 2) Integrating and applying discrete particle-based, as well as continuum-based, multiscale modeling techniques to provide scientific discovery of the mechanisms controlling PFC and bulk materials evolution under fusion plasma and 14-MeV neutron exposure; in this thrust, the challenge of scale-bridging between atomistic/microstructural modeling and the continuum-scale of PFC device performance is achieved through multiscale modeling techniques. Throughout the grant period, research at UMass Amherst focused on the atomic-scale analysis of the dynamics and kinetics (transport and reactions) of small mobile helium clusters near surfaces and grain boundaries in plasma-exposed tungsten, as well as the proper parameterization and incorporation of these processes into our SciDAC team’s continuum-level cluster dynamics code (Xolotl). Our work also included characterization of large-scale molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation results of helium implantation into tungsten based on the findings of our analysis and comparisons of Xolotl simulation predictions with the large-scale MD simulation results for Xolotl validation purposes; emphasis was placed on the impact of helium cluster dynamics/kinetics on tungsten surface morphology, near-surface tungsten structure, and helium retention. Furthermore, our work included initiation of a research program on evaluating the impact of structural defects in tungsten due to plasma exposure (such as helium nanobubbles) on tungsten’s thermophysical properties, focusing on lattice thermal conductivity. Our studies contributed to a fundamental understanding of the effects of plasma-surface interactions on the dynamical response of plasma-facing materials in nuclear fusion devices and the development of predictive hierarchical multiscale computational tools for the quantitative description of the material’s dynamical response to plasma exposure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Study of tunable narrow-band THz and high-intensity channeling radiation sources with a 50 MeV class photo-injector

This thesis describes the generation of frequency tunable narrow-band THz radiation and energy tunable quasi-monochromatic hard X-rays using a 50 MeV class photoinjector. We produce micro-bunched beams using a slit-mask and a chicane and then generate THz radiation by sending them to a metallic foil or passing through a small wiggler. As for hard-X-ray generation, we employ channeling radiation (CR) which can emit quasi-monochromatic hard X-rays with a single crystal and an electron beam with an energy of below 100 MeV. We performed each demonstration experiment to verify the theory and simulations at the FAST (Fermi Accelerator Science and Technology) facility in Fermilab. The results of the experiments on the micro-bunching were in agreement with those of the theory and simulations. On the other hand, the expected energy spectrum could not be obtained due to the pile-up of the detectors. We performed particle tracking simulations with Geant4 and identified that the X-ray detectors measured bremsstrahlung radiated from beam pipe caused by the dark currents from the photo cathode, and also detected the characteristic X-rays of lead around the detectors emitted by the bremsstrahlung. In this thesis, the details on the theory, the simulation results, the experiment results of THz/CR are described, and the suggestions for the next experiments through the considerations are also shown.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

UIC Class I Injection Wells – Analog Studies to Geologic Storage of CO 2

This study focuses on deep well waste disposal operations (non-hazardous and hazardous) using U.S. EPA UIC Class I wells and CO 2 geologic storage in saline-bearing formations; both individually and in relation to each other. This study is the second of three that evaluate analog industries of CO 2 storage (first focuses on underground natural gas storage and third on CO 2 EOR). Several pieces of information can be found throughout the study including overview of deep well waste disposal history and side-by-side comparisons of major synergistic features between deep well waste disposal and CO 2 storage in saline-bearing formations. Best practices and lessons learned from deep well waste disposal operations can provide perspective from which future CO 2 storage R&D pursuits and field projects can benefit. A summary document providing a high-level overview and key takeaways of this study is available on NETL’s website under the Collection Name:NETL’s Analog Studies to Geologic Storage of CO 2 .

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Commercial Electronic Part Class Definitions

Electronic parts used in Nuclear Security Enterprise (NSE) applications have varying pedigrees. Understanding the differences among these "part classes" will better enable Kansas City National Security Campus (KCNSC) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL, or Sandia) to effectively manage factors such as risk, effort, cost, etc. across all functional areas which have a shared interest in the definition and acquisition process. Regardless of the pedigree and complexity, all parts are expected to meet necessary quality and reliability requirements. This activity has been conducted as part of the COTS Transformation Initiative (CTI).

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assessing the ASME Section III, Division 5, Class A Primary Load Design Rules Against Creep Notch Effects

This report assesses the ASME Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B rules covering the design and construction of high temperature Class A nuclear reactor components for their robustness against creep notch effects. The creep notch effect combines the effect of multiaxial stresses on material creep deformation and damage. This report considers both effects, including the potential for creep mechanism shifts affecting the extrapolation of design data from high stress, short-time experimental data to low stress, long time operating component conditions. The report summarizes the history of and literature on multiaxial creep and surveys the current ASME design rules dealing with multiaxial effects. The report then describes the results of two dedicated numerical studies, one assessing the robustness of the ASME rules against uncertainty in extrapolating from uniaxial creep test data to multiaxial component conditions and a second study examining the potential effects of a mechanism shift from high stress, dislocation-mediated creep to diffusion-dominated creep at lower stresses. The final conclusion of the report is that the ASME rules adequately guard against multiaxial creep failure, though there are several aspects of the Code that could be optimized to provide less over-conservative design predictions or to provide a more consistent design margin as a function of temperature and stress. In a few areas, particularly the potential for mechanism shifts outside the currently-available experimental data, the Code rules should be revaluated as additional experimental data and new modeling and simulation results become available

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Looking back at 50 years of cutting-edge capabilities: LANSCE ‘underpins Los Alamos as a world-class scientific institution’

What started with an idea and a memo has since grown into a one-of-a-kind, world-renowned facility that contributes to the nation’s advancement of science and technology. First known as LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility) until the 1990s when it became LANSCE (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center), the facility is celebrating the 50th anniversary of its first full-capacity proton beam on June 9, 1972. Since then, LANSCE has contributed to a range of national security goals, such as supporting the Lab’s stockpile stewardship program, helping to advance the science of medical radioisotopes, improving the understanding of hydrodynamics, and more. “LANSCE has served the nation through its near-unique capabilities,” said Alan Carr, Senior Historian at the National Security Research Center, which houses the facility’s evolution through decades of documents, photos and other materials. “Since 1972, LANSCE has been the Lab’s major experimental science facility and underpins Los Alamos as a world-class scientific institution. This was true 50 years ago and is still true today.” In commemoration of this anniversary, we’re taking a look back at LANSCE’s historic five decades, including its first director, earliest milestones and important contributions to national security.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Initial development of viscoplastic constitutive model of Alloy 800H in support of the use of inelastic analysis methods for ASME Section III, Division 5, Class A applications

This report describes the development of a preliminary inelastic constitutive model for the thermomechanical behavior of Alloy 800H. The objective is to develop a model suitable for incorporating into Nonmandatory Appendix Z to Section III, Division 5 of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, which provides guidance and reference constitutive models for the ASME design by inelastic analysis rules for Class A components. The report describes the process of collecting experimental data, developing a mathematical form for the model, and training the model against the test data. The initial version of the model captures most of the relevant material deformation mechanisms, including dynamic strain aging effects. However, further development of the model form will be required to develop a final model suitable for ASME use.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Tagging a smaller size class of fish: can it be done?

There is a new acoustic transmitter that is smaller than anything on the market and can be used to tag smaller fish than ever before. It is called the Eel-Lamprey Acoustic Tag (ELAT). Although the technology is ready to use, we cannot deploy it in the field until the biological proof of concept is tested in the lab. As such, we conducted two laboratory studies to evaluate the tag effects of surgical implantation in small (30–95 mm fork length [FL]) fry and smolt sized juvenile salmon. The first study was a survival, transmitter retention, and growth holding study and the second was a swimming performance study. Our goal was to identify a minimum size threshold for Chinook Salmon that can be implanted with an ELAT where survival, ELAT retention, growth, and swimming performance would not be affected compared to an untagged population. In the survival and growth study, fish were held for 50 days. At the end of the study we found that fish as small as 55 mm FL had a 95% survival rate. There was no difference in growth between tagged and untagged fish. The swimming performance study identified a minimum size threshold of 51 mm FL. This indicated the swimming performance of a tagged fish was not different from an untagged fish once the fish was 51 mm or longer. Using the results from the two laboratory studies, 55 mm FL was identified as a minimum size threshold where growth, survival, ELAT retention, and swimming performance were not affected compared to untagged fish. This research confirmed we can tag a smaller size class of fish and provided a minimum size threshold for use in tagging guidelines.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

High temperature inelastic constitutive models for the ASME Section III, Division 5 Class A materials

This report describes the exploration of a universal high temperature inelastic constitutive model for use with the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section III, Division 5, Class A design rules. The idea, developed based on feedback from reactor vendors, is to simplify the current bespoke material models for Grade 91, 316H, and Alloy 617 and the new model for Alloy 800H into a simple, single model form. The report describes a new parallel time integration technique implemented in the pyoptmat package which allowed us to explore a wide variety of model forms, searching for a suitable common model. The report then describes preliminary work on models for monontonic deformation and then the development of a set of models suitable for capturing high temperature cyclic deformation. These models are suitable for use with the ASME design rules, except potentially for a narrow, material-specific band of temperatures at the edge of the creep regime. An incremental improvement the current models could overcome this discrepancy and provide a new, simpler set of constitutive model for all four materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Molecular Ionic Composites: A New Class of Polymer Electrolytes to Enable All-Solid-State and High-Voltage Lithium Batteries (Final Project Report for DOE EERE VTO grant EE0008860)

Based on a newly discovered class of solid PE materials, that is, molecular ionic composites (MICs), the major goal of this project is to develop solid-state lithium conductors targeted for use in transportation applications. MICs form a mechanically stiff, electrochemically stable, and thermally stable matrix. Specific objectives include the following: (1) development of robust MIC electrolyte thin films (~ 20 µm) to serve as simultaneous nonflammable separators and dendrite-blocking Li + conductors, (2) electrochemical quantification of key performance metrics including electrolyte stability, interfacial reactions, and suitability/compatibility with a range of electrode materials, and (3) comprehensive investigation of ion transport mechanisms and electrode-electrolyte interfacial reactivity under practical operating conditions using NMR and synchrotron X-ray analyses.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

TCO Analysis Approach and Regional Analysis of dWPT for Class 8 Tractors

Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (dWPT) is a method by which battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can charge their battery while traveling on the road without the need for a physical conductive connection to the power source. dWPT has been proposed as a strategy to enable a reduction in vehicle battery capacity and associated mass and cost. In this slide deck presented at the EVs@Scale Consortium - Wireless Power Transfer Pillar Deep-Dive Meeting on November 11th, 2023, NREL provides results from an evaluation of dWPT using data from Class 8 tractors driving in the Atlanta Metro Area. NREL selected data for archetypal days representing local, regional, and long-haul trips, defined according to trip length, that included travel on primary roadways. EVI-InMotion (Electric Vehicle Infrastructure - InMotion), a systems planning and optimization tool developed at NREL, was used to evaluate dWPT performance assuming dWPT charging on 120 road segments for a total roadway lane distance of 2,365 miles. The EVI-InMotion results and representative day drive cycles were analyzed with NREL's T3CO (Transportation Technology Total Cost of Ownership) tool to estimate the total cost of ownership (TCO) for scenarios comprising two model years - 2030 and 2040 - and two technology progress cases. TCO was calculated for diesel, fuel cell electric, BEVs with batteries sized assuming no dWPT capabilities, and 200kWh BEVs with dWPT installed. This analysis finds that en-route stationary charging frequency and downtime when not on electrified roadways are the main contributors to TCO for the dWPT vehicles and that these vehicles can achieve cost parity with FCEVs at low electricity costs. Based on the scenario assumptions used here, low electricity costs would further help the cost parity with diesel vehicles in regional and long-haul cases due to stationary fueling downtime. This presentation also concludes that key factors affecting the parity potential of dWPT-capable vehicles include more extensive dWPT road coverage, higher en-route charging power, less expensive power batteries, and higher hydrogen or diesel fuel costs.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Distribution System Model Calibration for GMLC 3.3.3 "Incipient Failure Identification for Common Grid Asset Classes" - Project Summary

Distribution system model calibration is a key enabling task for incipient failure identification within the distribution system. This report summarizes the work and publications by Sandia National Laboratories on the GMLC project titled “Incipient Failure Identification for Common Grid Asset Classes”. This project was a joint effort between Sandia National Laboratories, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, National Energy Technology Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The included work covers distribution system topology identification, transformer groupings, phase identification, regulator and tap position estimation, and the open-source release and implementation of the developed algorithms.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗