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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 919 records · Page 51
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Magnetic Proximity Effects in Iron Germanium Telluride/Platinum Heterostructures

Van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have attracted considerable attention for use in spintronic devices such as those controlled by spin–orbit torque (SOT). Such SOT-driven devices are typically fabricated by bringing a vdW magnet in proximity to a spin–charge conversion layer to achieve current-driven magnetization switching. Here, we show that such structures fabricated with iron germanium telluride (FGT) and platinum can exhibit emergent magnetic properties, which we attribute to magnetic proximity effects at the FGT/Pt interface. These changes manifest as increased perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the emergence of additional magnetization reversal steps as probed by magneto-transport, with the most significant changes appearing in thinner flakes. The behavior was found to be robust and consistently appeared in samples made with crystals from different vendors. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the potential for engineering vdW spintronic systems through magnetic proximity effects.

2D magnet↗
DOE OSTI2024

Emergence of exchange bias in van der Waals magnetic alloy CrxPt1−xTe2

Abstract Cr x Pt 1− x Te 2 is a recently developed van der Waals magnetic alloy noted for its stability under ambient conditions. Here, we report the emergence of an exchange bias effect in Cr x Pt 1− x Te 2 , without typical exchange bias sources such as an adjacent antiferromagnetic layer. We find that the exchange bias is present for x = 0.45 and absent for x = 0.35, which is correlated to the presence of a Cr modulation where the Cr concentration alternates each vdW layer (modulation period of 2 layers) for x ≥ 0.4. We perform Monte Carlo simulations utilizing exchange parameters from first-principles calculations, which recreate the exchange bias in hysteresis loops of Cr 0.45 Pt 0.55 Te 2 . From our simulations, we infer the source of exchange bias to be magnetic moments locked into free energy minima that resist magnetization reversal. This work presents a way to introduce desirable magnetic properties to van der Waals magnets.

Bailey-Crandell, Ryan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bi-modal particle size distribution for high energy product hybrid Nd–Fe–B—Sm–Fe–N bonded magnets

In this work, we have demonstrated high energy product bonded magnet by leveraging the variation in sizes between Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N, as well as their hard magnetic properties. The hybrid anisotropic bonded magnets contain 70 vol% of magnet powder (Dy-free Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N) and 30 vol% of nylon. The objective of the work was to create bi-modal and bi-compositional bonded magnets in which the fine (3μm) particles of Sm-Fe-N would be used to fill the voids between the bigger Nd-Fe-B (105μm) particles, thus improve packing density. The magnetic hysteresis loop did not show significant signs of decoupled interactions between the magnetic phases. It was also found that the performance of the bonded magnet was most enhanced at 1:4 ratio of Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N. At that ratio, maximum density of 5 g/cm 3 and the highest (BH) max value of 18.5 MGOe were obtained, although the intrinsic coercivity decreased, relative to the trend seen for other ratios. This work advances the opportunity to expand the use of Sm-Fe-N in bonded magnet applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evidence for charge transfer and proximate magnetism in graphene– α – RuCl 3 heterostructures

We report a study of electronic transport in van der Waals heterostructures composed of flakes of the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator α – RuCl 3 placed on top of monolayer graphene Hall bars. While the zero-field transport shows a strong resemblance to that of isolated graphene, we find a consistently p -type Hall effect suggestive of multiband conduction, along with a nonmonotonic and gate-voltage-dependent excursion of the resistivity at low temperatures that is reminiscent of transport in the presence of a magnetic phase transition. We interpret these data as evidence for charge transfer from graphene to α – RuCl 3 in an inhomogeneous device yielding both highly and lightly doped regions of graphene, while the latter shows a particular sensitivity to magnetism in the α – RuCl 3 . Thus proximity to graphene is a means to access magnetic properties of thin layers of magnetic insulators.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2020

Stacking Domain Wall Magnons in Twisted van der Waals Magnets

In this report using bilayer CrI 3 as an example, we demonstrate that stacking domain walls in van der Waals magnets can host one-dimensional (1D) magnon channels, which have lower energies than bulk magnons. Interestingly, some magnon channels are hidden in magnetically homogeneous background and can only be inferred with the knowledge of stacking domain walls. Compared to 1D magnons confined in magnetic domain walls, 1D magnons in stacking domain walls are more stable against external perturbations. We show that the relaxed moiré superlattices of small-angle twisted bilayer CrI 3 is a natural realization of stacking domain walls and host interconnected moiré magnon network. Our Letter reveals the importance of stacking domain walls in understanding magnetic properties of van der Waals magnets and extends the scope of stacking engineering to magnetic dynamics.

2-dimensional system↗
DOE OSTI2019

Hydration of gadolinium oxide ( Gd O x ) and its effect on voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt / Co / Gd O x / Au heterostructure

Magneto-ionic control of magnetism has garnered great interest in recent years due to the large magnetic changes that can be induced using a relatively small voltage. One model structure for this is Pt/Co/GdO x /Au , where Co is the magnetic layer and GdO x is the ionic conductor, with the magnetic properties dependent on the oxidation state of Co. While this structure is commonly used, there is limited understanding of the effect of GdO x properties on voltage-induced magnetic changes. In this work, we show that hydration of Gd 2 O 3 to form Gd(OH) 3 is crucial for voltage-induced Co oxidation in a Pt/Co/GdO x /Au device. By examining the rate of Co oxidation in nonhydrated and hydrated devices, we conclude that H 2 O in the GdO x layer acts as an oxidant during the voltage-induced Co oxidation process. Co oxidation through this interfacial reaction process is confirmed by in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

AL-CRADA-2025-01 Final Report: American-Made Wind Turbine Materials Recycling Prize Accelerate! Phase 2

This report summarizes the Phase 2 achievements of the Wind Turbine Materials Recycling Prize project led by Critical Materials Recycling (CMR) in partnership with Ames National Laboratory. The team demonstrated the technical feasibility and economic viability of recovering and reusing rare-earth Nd-Fe-B magnets from end-of-life (EOL) wind turbine generators. Through mechanical disassembly, demagnetization, and precision processing, magnets were harvested and characterized to assess structural, compositional, and magnetic properties. Results showed that recovered magnets performed on par with commercial-grade counterparts, enabling their integration into actuator and motor prototypes without redesign. System-level modeling and finite-element simulations validated operational performance, while Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis revealed up to 20% material cost savings and 2–3% reductions in overall motor system costs. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) further confirmed substantial environmental benefits, including a ~94% reduction in global warming potential relative to virgin magnet production. The project’s success was enabled by a tightly integrated partnership between industry and national lab experts, illustrating a viable path for domestic magnet-to-magnet recycling. These findings support a scalable, circular solution for rare-earth material recovery, reducing dependence on imported critical minerals and advancing sustainable clean energy technologies.

Lograsso, Thomas [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA↗
DOE OSTI2026

Low-Field EMR Studies of Permalloy Films and Gratings

Flat and profile-modulated permalloy films have been studied by the electron magnetic resonance (EMR) method. In addition to ferromagnetic and spin-wave resonances, the structures demonstrate low-field EMR signals of an unusual shape, which form a hysteresis loop in sweeping fields. The low-field signals are attributed to a fast reorientation of magnetic domains. The low-field EMR behavior is comparable to the behavior in magneto-dependent photovoltage previously observed in the optical experiments. The shapes of the loops and typical values of the switching fields depend on the profile modulation parameters confirming the possibility of controlling magnetic properties and the coupling of magnetic and optical effects with nanoscale geometry.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1969

Spacecraft magnetic torques

Magnetic torque resulting from interaction between magnetic properties of spacecraft and ambient magnetic field

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1984

The mineralogy of global magnetic anomalies

Experimental and analytical data on magnetic mineralogy was provided as an aid to the interpretation of magnetic anomaly maps. An integrated program, ranging from the chemistry of materials from 100 or more km depth within the Earth, to an examination of the MAGSAT anomaly maps at about 400 km above the Earth's surface, was undertaken. Within this framework, a detailed picture of the pertinent mineralogical and magnetic relationships for the region of West Africa was provided. Efforts were directed toward: (1) examining the geochemistry, mineralogy, magnetic properties, and phases relations of magnetic oxides and metal alloys in rocks demonstrated to have originated in the lower crust of upper mantle, (2) examining the assumption that these rocks portray the nature of their source regions; and (3) examining the regional geology, tectonics, gravity field and the MAGSAT anomaly maps for West Africa.

Haggerty, S. E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Crustal structure interpreted from magnetic anomalies

This review, discusses publications during the last quadrennium (1987-1990) that used aeromagnetic data, marine magnetic data, satellite magnetic data, and rock magnetic and petrologic data to provide information on the sources of magnetic anomalies. The publications reviewed reflect increased integration of rock magnetic property and petrologic studies with magnetic anomaly interpretation studies, particularly in deep crustal magnetization, exploration for hydrocarbons, and inversion of marine magnetic anomalies. Interpretations of aeromagnetic data featuring image display techniques and using the horizontal gradient method for locating magnetization boundaries became standard.

Phillips, Jeffrey D.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Microscopic Views of Martian Soils and Evidence for Incipient Diagenesis

Mars landed missions returned im-ages at increasingly higher spatial resolution (Table 1). These images help to constrain the microstructure of Martian soils, i.e. the grain-by-grain association of chemistry and mineralogy with secondary properties, such as albedo, color, magnetic properties, and mor-phology (size, shape, texture). The secondary charac-teristics are controlled by mineralogical composition as well as the geo-setting (transport and weathering modes, e.g. water supply, pH, atmospheric properties, exposure to radiation, etc.). As of today this association is poorly constrained. However, it is important to un-derstand soil-forming processes on the surface of Mars. Here we analyze high-resolution images of soils re-turned by different landed missions. Eventually these images must be combined with other types of data (chemistry and mineralogy at small spatial scale) to nail down the microstructure of Martian soils.

Goetz, W.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Structural, Magnetic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Ordered and Disordered Cobaltite Gd{sub 0.1}Sr{sub 0.9}CoO{sub 3 – δ}

The effect of cationic and anionic orderings on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of substituted rare-earth cobaltites Gd{sub 0.1}Sr{sub 0.9}CoO{sub 3 – δ} was studied using X-ray diffraction, measurement of XANES spectra, and magnetic and thermodynamic characteristics. The effects of ordering cause a decrease in symmetry to tetragonal and a distortion of the coordination octahedra of CoO{sub 6}. Anomalous magnetic and thermodynamic quantities are observed at 260 and 360 K, respectively, for disordered and ordered samples. The XANES spectra measured at the CoK edge did not reveal a noticeable shift in the absorption edge compared with the spectrum of original GdCoO{sub 3}. This suggests that the charge compensation process is associated not only with a change in the electronic state of cobalt ions, but also with the emergence of holes in the 2p states of oxygen.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electromagnetic wave absorption of multifunctional cementitious composites incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and fly ash: Effects of microstructure and hydration

Highlights: • The cementitious composite shows excellent wide-band electromagnetic wave absorption in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz. • The PVA fibers and the fly ash change the dielectric properties of the cementitious composite by Debye polarization. • The iron oxide of the cementitious binders contributes to the magnetic properties of the composites. • The impacts of the microstructure and the hydration of the cementitious composite on its microwave absorption are analyzed. This paper devises a novel method for the adjustment of the pore structure and the hydration of cement to improve the electromagnetic wave absorption of the cementitious composites incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and fly ash in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The underlying mechanism of the absorption is investigated to explore the possibility of the structural and functional integration of these composites. The electromagnetic parameters of the prepared cementitious composites and those of the raw materials are analyzed in a frequency range of 0.5–18 GHz. Moreover, the pore structure and the chemical environment of the cementitious composites are examined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), back-scattered electron detector (BSE), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the PVA fibers and the high-volume fly ash have a positive effect on electromagnetic wave absorption of the cementitious composites through the adjustment of their pore structure and hydration.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

RGO/BaFe12O19/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as microwave absorbent with lamellar structures and improved polarization interfaces

Highlights: • RGO/BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposite are prepared via a two-step solvothermal method. • The maximum reflection loss can reach −46.04 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth under −10 dB is 5.68 GHz. • Interfacial polarization as one of the mechanism for the enhanced absorption properties was detailedly analyzed. - Abstract: In this paper, we designed and prepared a composite of BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19} (BFO) flakes, two-dimensional graphene and Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles using a two-step solvothermal method. The combination of BFO flakes and two-dimensional graphene could effectively enhance the heterointerface and is believed to be favorable to enhance the interface polarization. The introduction of inverse spinel Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} as the third phase could increase the saturated magnetization. The phase structure, morphology, magnetic properties and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the as-prepared samples were characterized. Due to the enhanced interfacial polarization between the BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19} flakes and graphene, the composite of RGO/BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} exhibits excellent microwave absorption properties. The maximum reflection loss can reach -46.04 dB at 15.6 GHz with a thickness of 1.8 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 5.68 GHz (from 11.60 GHz to 17.28 GHz). It is believed that the RGO/BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} composites can find potential application in the field of microwave absorption due to their excellent absorption properties.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Oxygen on the Quantum, Magnetic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Co Nanowires on the Reconstructed Anisotropic (1 × 2)/Au(110) and (1 × 2)/Pt(110) Surfaces: Ab Initio Approach

Ab initio theoretical study of the quantum magnetic properties of Co nanowires on the pure and oxygen-reconstructed (1 × 2)/Au(110) and (1 × 2)/Pt(110) surfaces is performed. Their structures and electronic configurations are calculated using the electron density functional theory. High values of magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy energies of Co atoms are found on both pure and oxygen-reconstructed (1 × 2)/Au(110) and (1 × 2)/Pt(110) surfaces. The adsorption of oxygen atoms on the (1 × 2)/Au(110) substrate is shown to affect the structural arrangement of Co nanowire atoms on this substrate and to increase the magnetic anisotropy energy (by 1.91 meV per nanowire atom). The adsorption of oxygen on the Pt(110) substrate substantially decreases the magnetic anisotropy energy of the Co nanowire on it (by 5.98 meV per atom). The origin of these changes is revealed by analyzing the local densities of states of the d electrons of nanowire atoms. The temperature ranges of the states with the lowest free surface energy are determined using the atomistic thermodynamics methods. These data and the available experimental data are used to predict the possibility of observing the structures under study in experiments.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1963

Metal whiskers

Metal whiskers - induced growth, growth mechanism, energy sources for growth, magnetic properties, and radiation effects

WHISKER↗