Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “MONOCRYSTALS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 919 records · Page 51

TL and PL studies on cubic fluoroperovskite single crystal (KMgF{sub 3}: Eu{sup 2+}, Ce{sup 3+})

The perovskite-like KMgF{sub 3} polycrystalline compounds were synthesized by standard solid state reaction technique. Phase purity of the synthesized compounds was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction technique. Single crystals of (0.2 mol% of EuF{sub 3} and CeF{sub 3}) Co-doped KMgF{sub 3} have been grown from melt by using a vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method. Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of KMgF{sub 3} samples doped with Eu{sub 2+} and Ce{sub 3+} have been studied after β-ray irradiation. At ambient conditions the photoluminescence spectra consisted of sharp line peaked of Eu{sub 2+} at 360 nm attributed to the f → f transition ({sup 6}P{sub 7/2}→{sup 8}S{sub 7/2}) could only be observed due to the energy transfer from Ce{sub 3+} to Eu{sub 2+}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Investigation on crystalline perfection, mechanical, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of L-tartaric acid single crystal

Polar organic nonlinear optical material, L-tartaric acid single crystals have been grown from slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study indicates that the grown crystal crystallized in monoclinic system with space group P2{sub 1}. Crystalline perfection of the crystal has been evaluated by high resolution X-ray diffraction technique and it reveals that the crystal quality is good and free from structural grain boundaries. Mechanical stability of the crystal has been analyzed by Vickers microhardness measurement and it exhibits reverse indentation size effect. Piezoelectric d{sub 33} co-efficient for the crystal has been examined and its value is 47 pC/N. The ferroelectric behaviour of the crystal was analyzed by polarization-electric field hysteresis loop measurement.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Crystal structures of Schiff base derivatives of 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)thiosemicarbazide and (E)-N′-(3-nitrobenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide

The crystal structures of 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)thiosemicarbazide (1) and N′-(3-nitrobenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (2) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, the position of C8, O1, O2, O3 atoms are in a distorted trigonal planar geometry. The mean plane of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene ring forms a dihedral angle of 5.39(14)° with the mean plane of thiosemicarbazide group. In the structure, the molecular packing is stabilized by intermolecular N–H with diaresisN, O–H with diaresisS and intramolecular C–H with diaresisO hydrogen bonds. In compound 2, the position of C8 atom and N1 atom are in a distorted trigonal planar geometry. The mean plane of phenyl ring forms a dihedral angle of 8.09° with that of the pyridine ring. In the structure, the molecular packing is stabilized by intermolecular N–H with diaresisN and intramolecular C–H with diaresisO hydrogen bonds.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Magnetic property, Raman spectroscopy and crystal field analysis of Sm{sub 3+} in Sm(BrO{sub 3}){sub 3}⋅9H{sub 2}O

Single crystals of Sm(BrO{sub 3}){sub 3}⋅9H{sub 2}O (SmBR) were grown and the principal molar susceptibility perpendicular to c-axis (χ{sub ⊥}) was measured from 300 K down to 14 K and χ{sub ‖}, the parallel susceptibility, anisotropy was measured in the temperature range of 300-120 K. A cross-over between χ{sub ‖} and χ{sub ⊥} was observed at ∼ 120 K i.e., below this temperature χ{sub |||}<χ{sub ‖}. Raman spectra of SmBR were recorded in the wave number range of 10-4000 cm{sup −1} and crystal field (CF) Stark energies were extracted from the spectra. A good theoretical simulation of the observed magnetic susceptibilities and observed CF Stark energies of Sm{sup 3+} in SmBR was achieved using the one electron crystal field (CF) interaction with D{sup 3h} site symmetry. The electronic specific heat along with the quadruple splitting and hyperfine heat capacity were calculated by using the results of CF analysis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Crystal growth, structure analysis and characterisation of 2 - (1, 3 - dioxoisoindolin - 2 - yl) acetic acid single crystal

Single crystal of dielectric material 2 - (1, 3 - dioxoisoindolin - 2 - yl) acetic acid has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth method. The grown crystal was harvested in 25 days. The crystal structure was analyzed by Single crystal X - ray diffraction. UV-vis-NIR analysis was performed to examine the optical property of the grown crystal. The thermal property of the grown crystal was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The dielectric measurements were carried out and the dielectric constant was calculated and plotted at all frequencies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Structure-property-relationship of p-toluidinium tetrachloromercurate(II)

The single crystals of p-toluidinium tetrachloromercurate(II) hybrid materials have been grown with perfect crystal of size 0.35 × 0.30 × 0.27 mm. The hybrid material is exposed to X-rays for 3D intensity data which is used to refine the crystal structure upto reliability-factor of 0.034. The phenyl ring has planar conformation with skeletal torsion angle of 0.003(6)° and the aromatic ring (C1-C6) forms an angle of 78.7(1)° to the plane of inorganic layer. The N-H...Cl hydrogen bonded tetramer pattern is observed in p-toluidinium tetrachloromercurate(II) and the two tetramer layers are separated by a distance of 3.925(6)Å and the minimum distance between two mercury atoms is 4.112(1)Å which is quite larger for any metallophilic interaction. The inorganic layers form zig-zag ribbons which are separated by a distance of 12.987(5)Å.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Growth and characterization of lithium yttrium borate single crystals

Single crystals of 0.1% Ce doped Li{sub 6}Y(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} have been grown using the Czochralski technique. The photoluminescence study of these crystals shows a broad emission at ∼ 420 nm corresponding to Ce{sub 3+} emission from 5d→4f energy levels. The decay profile of this emission shows a fast response of ∼ 28 ns which is highly desirable for detector applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

The effect of deuteration and doping on the phase transition temperature of grown glycine phosphite single crystals

The Glycinium Phosphite (GPI) compound is a representative of hydrogen-bonded ferroelectric crystals. The ordering of protons could be expected below the room temperature (225 K). Crystals grown from the milipore water as well as deuterated solvents respectively. The corresponding hydrogen bond distance was stretched out due to the effect of isotopic substitution that increase the phase transition temperature. Further to improve the phase transition temperature, GPI crystal was doped with organic complexing agent and various metals and the obtained results are presented.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Single crystal growth of Yb doped NaGd(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} and structural and spectroscopic studies

High quality single crystals of NaGd(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} doped with 5 mol % Yb and oriented along <001> have been grown by the Czochralski technique in Ar atmosphere. The tetragonal space group I41/a accounts for all the reflections observed in the powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Polarized optical spectroscopy at room temperature revealed a direction dependence of absorption at different wavelength. As a novel uniaxial laser host for Yb{sup 3+}, NaGd(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} is characterized with respect to its transparency and band-edge. The emission spectrum of Yb{sup 3+} (excitation: 980-990 nm diode laser) was also recorded.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Quantification of quantum discord in a antiferromagnetic Heisenberg compound

An experimental quantification of concurrence and quantum discord from heat capacity (C{sub p}) measurement performed over a solid state system has been reported. In this work, thermodynamic measurements were performed on copper nitrate (CN, Cu(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}⋅2.5H{sub 2}O) single crystals which is an alternating antiferromagnet Heisenberg spin 1/2 system. CN being a weak dimerized antiferromagnet is an ideal system to investigate correlations between spins. The theoretical expressions were used to obtain concurrence and quantum discord curves as a function of temperature from heat capacity data of a real macroscopic system, CN.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Anisotropic magnetic properties of Dy{sub 6}Cr{sub 4}Al{sub 43} single crystal

We have studied the anisotropic magnetic behavior of the rare earth intermetallic compound Dy{sub 6}Cr{sub 4}Al{sub 43}. This compound crystallizes in the hexagonal symmetry and orders ferromagnetically at 8.3 K as confirmed by the magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. A significant anisotropy in the magnetization is observed between the c axis and the ab-plane. The easy axis liesin theab-plane at low temperatures; however it orients itselfalong the c-axis above 170 K as inferred from the susceptibility data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Temperature dependent tunneling study of CaFe{sub 1.96}Ni{sub 0.04}As{sub 2} single crystals

We report on temperature dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies on CaFe{sub 1.96}Ni{sub 0.04}As{sub 2} single crystals in 5.4 – 19.7 K temperature range across the normal metal - superconductor transition temperature, T{sub C} = 14K. The in-situ cleaved crystals show reasonably flat surface with signatures of atomic resolution. The tunnel spectra show significant spatial inhomogeneity below T{sub C}, which reduces significantly as the temperature goes above the T{sub C}. We discuss these results in terms of an inhomogeneous electronic phase that may exist due to the vicinity of this composition to the quantum critical point.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Growth and characterization of new organic nonlinear optical crystal (R)-2-cyano-N-(1-phenylethyl) acetamide

(R)-2-Cyano-N-(1-phenylethyl) acetamide (RCNPA) single crystals were grown by slow evaporation of the aqueous solution at room temperature (300K) using ethanol. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV-Vis-NIR transmittance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder second harmonic generation (SHG)

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Giant room-temperature barocaloric effect and pressure-mediated electrocaloric effect in BaTiO{sub 3} single crystal

Barocaloric effect in BaTiO{sub 3} single crystal is studied by a thermodynamic phenomenological model. It is demonstrated that a giant barocaloric effect can be achieved near room temperature with an adiabatic temperature change of more than 3 K and a temperature span about 50 K. As expected, the electrocaloric peak can be shifted towards room temperature by pressure. However, a slight reduction of the electrocaloric peak is found in contrast to relaxor ferroelectrics and LiNbO{sub 3}. We believe that our findings could open a potential route by combining the barocaloric effect and pressure-mediated electrocaloric effect in BaTiO{sub 3} single crystal for cooling devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

The polarization trajectory of terahertz magnetic dipole radiation in (110)-oriented PrFeO{sub 3} single crystal

By using the polarized terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy, the macro-magnetization motion in (110)-oriented PrFeO{sub 3} single crystal was constructed. We emphasize that the trajectory of the emitted THz waveforms relies on not only the motion of macroscopic magnetization vector, but also the spin configuration in the ground state and the propagation of THz pulse. The azimuthal angle (the incident THz pulse polarization with respect to the crystal axes) enables us to control the polarization trajectories of the quasiferromagnetic and quasiantiferromagnetic mode radiations that can lead to further applications on multiple information storing and quantum processing.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Identification of crystalline elastic anisotropy in PZT ceramics from in-situ blocking stress measurements

High energy x-ray diffraction measurements of lattice strains were performed on a rhombohedral Lead Zirconate Titanate ceramic (PZT 55-45) under combinations of applied electric field and compressive stress. These measurements allow the construction of blocking stress curves for different sets of crystallographic orientations which reflect the single crystal elastic anisotropy. A micro-mechanical interpretation of the results is then proposed. Assuming cubic symmetry for the crystalline elastic stiffness tensor and isotropy for the macroscopic elastic properties, the elastic properties of the single crystal are extracted from the measured data. An anisotropy ratio close to 0.3 is found (compared to 1 for isotropic materials). The high level of anisotropy found in this work suggests that crystalline elastic anisotropy should not be neglected in the modelling of ferroelectric materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Direct and inverse magnetoelectric effects in HoAl{sub 3}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} single crystal

The direct (ME{sub H}-) and inverse (ME{sub E}-) magnetoelectric effects in the HoAl{sub 3}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} single crystal are studied. Temperature and magnetic field dependences of permittivity of the crystal are investigated. A relation between the investigated effects was established. It was found that the magnetoelectric effect can exist in crystals without magnetic order or spontaneous polarization. It was shown that the phenomena investigated are due to magnetostriction or magnetoelastic effect. The thermodynamic potential was considered for describing magnetoelectric effect at low magnetic fields. The results obtained are explained within a proposed qualitative microscopic model, based on interplay of configuration of 4f- electron subshell of the rare-earth element and applied magnetic or electric field.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Critical factor for epitaxial growth of cobalt-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} films by pulsed laser deposition

We heteroepitaxially grew cobalt-doped BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} films on (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O{sub 3} single-crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition using four different wavelengths and investigated how the excitation wavelength and pulse energy affected growth. Using the tilting and twisting angles of X-ray diffraction rocking curves, we quantitatively analyzed the crystallinity of each film. We found that the optimal deposition rate, which could be tuned by pulse energy, was independent of laser wavelength. The high-quality film grown at the optimal pulse energy (i.e., the optimum deposition rate) exhibited high critical current density over 1 MA/cm{sup 2} irrespective of the laser wavelength.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗