Stress-rupture data correlation with generalized regression analysis - An alternative to parametric methods
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Rummler, D. R.↗
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Analysis of Experimental Sea-level Transient Data and Analog Method of Obtaining Altitude Response for Turbine-propeller Engine with Relay-type Speed Control
Correlation has been established between transient engine and control data obtained experimentally and data obtained by simulating the engine and control with an analog computer. This correlation was established at sea-level conditions for a turbine-propeller engine with a relay-type speed control. The behavior of the controlled engine at altitudes of 20,000 and 35,000 feet was determined with an analog computer using the altitude pressure and temperature generalization factors to calculate the new engine constants for these altitudes. Because the engine response varies considerably at altitude some type of compensation appears desirable and four methods of compensation are discussed.
ENGINES, CONTROL↗
Absolute photoneutron cross sections of Sm isotopes
Photoneutron cross sections for seven samarium isotopes, {sup 144}Sm, {sup 147}Sm, {sup 148}Sm, {sup 149}Sm, {sup 150}Sm, {sup 152}Sm and {sup 154}Sm, have been investigated near neutron emission threshold using quasimonochromatic laser-Compton scattering γ-rays produced at the synchrotron radiation facility NewSUBARU. The results are important for nuclear astrophysics calculations and also for probing γ-ray strength functions in the vicinity of neutron threshold. Here we describe the neutron detection system and we discuss the related data analysis and the necessary method improvements for adapting the current experimental method to the working parameters of the future Gamma Beam System of Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics facility.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
TIME-AVERAGE-BASED METHODS FOR MULTI-ANGULAR SCALE ANALYSIS OF COSMIC-RAY DATA
Over the past decade, a number of experiments dealt with the problem of measuring the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays, looking for information on the propagation mechanisms and the identification of their sources. Any deviation from the isotropy may be regarded to as a signature of unforeseen or unknown phenomena, mostly if well localized in the sky and occurring at low rigidity. It induced experimenters to search for excesses down to angular scales as narrow as 10 Degree-Sign , disclosing the issue of properly filtering contributions from wider structures. A solution commonly envisaged was based on time-average methods to determine the reference value of cosmic-ray flux. Such techniques are nearly insensitive to signals wider than the time window in use, thus allowing us to focus the analysis on medium- and small-scale signals. Nonetheless, the signal often cannot be excluded in the calculation of the reference value, which induces systematic errors. The use of time-average methods recently revealed important discoveries about the medium-scale cosmic-ray anisotropy, present both in the northern and southern hemispheres. It is known that the excess (or deficit) is observed as less intense than in reality and that fake deficit zones are rendered around true excesses because of the absolute lack of knowledge a priori of which signal is true and which is not. This work is an attempt to critically review the use of time-average-based methods for observing extended features in the cosmic-ray arrival distribution pattern.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
A quarter-century of progress in the development of correlation and extrapolation methods for creep rupture data
Developments in the analysis of creep-rupture data are reviewed with particular reference to time temperature relations for the correlation and extrapolation of creep and stress rupture data, the minimum commitment method, and successive regression methods. Some contributions to the development of time-temperature parameters are noted.
Manson, S. S.↗
Method of calibrating an interferometer and reducing its systematic noise
Methods of operation and data analysis for an interferometer so as to eliminate the errors contributed by non-responsive or unstable pixels, interpixel gain variations that drift over time, and spurious noise that would otherwise degrade the operation of the interferometer are disclosed. The methods provide for either online or post-processing calibration. The methods apply prescribed reversible transformations that exploit the physical properties of interferograms obtained from said interferometer to derive a calibration reference signal for subsequent treatment of said interferograms for interpixel gain variations. A self-consistent approach for treating bad pixels is incorporated into the methods.
Hammer, Philip D.↗
Uncertainty-Based Approach for Dynamic Aerodynamic Data Acquisition and Analysis
Development of improved modeling methods to provide increased fidelity of flight predictions for aircraft motions during flight in flow regimes with large nonlinearities requires improvements in test techniques for measuring and characterizing wind tunnel data. This paper presents a method for providing a measure of data integrity for static and forced oscillation test techniques. Data integrity is particularly important when attempting to accurately model and predict flight of today s high performance aircraft which are operating in expanded flight envelopes, often maneuvering at high angular rates at high angles-of-attack, even above maximum lift. Current aerodynamic models are inadequate in predicting flight characteristics in the expanded envelope, such as rapid aircraft departures and other unusual motions. Present wind tunnel test methods do not factor changes of flow physics into data acquisition schemes, so in many cases data are obtained over more iterations than required, or insufficient data may be obtained to determine a valid estimate with statistical significance. Additionally, forced oscillation test techniques, one of the primary tools used to develop dynamic models, do not currently provide estimates of the uncertainty of the results during an oscillation cycle. A method to optimize the required number of forced oscillation cycles based on decay of uncertainty gradients and balance tolerances is also presented.
Heim, Eugene H. D.↗
Gravitational waves from rotating neutron stars: Current limits and prospects
Rotating neutron stars that emit continuous gravitational waves are among promising targets of the LIGO and Virgo detectors: sufficiently large non-axisymmetrie deformation w.r.t. the axis of rotation of a star generates a time-varying mass-quadrupole moment and henceforth gravitational wave emission. The departure from an axisymmetrie shape may be caused by the internal magnetic field and/or elastic stresses in the crust/core. If detected, it will provide novel insight into the presently obscured details of the interior neutron-star structure. This talk presents basic types of searches for such signals: from targeted searches from known pulsars to all-sky wide parameter searches for unknown objects. Selected methods used in the data analysis and to calculate the upper limits on the gravitational waves in the initial phase of LIGO and Virgo projects are briefly described. Observational results of LIGO and Virgo collaborations include “beating” the spin-down limit for the Crab and Vela pulsars [7, 11], search for a coherent signal from the direction of the Cas A supernova remnant [5], as well as the Galactic center [1], SN1987A and the Sco-X1 binary with the cross-correlation method [6], and the all-sky searches for signals of unknown position and frequency [2, 4, 8].
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Production and discovery of neutron-rich isotopes by fragmentation of 198 Pt
Production cross sections were measured for fragments produced by an 85 MeV/u 198 Pt beam incident on a beryllium target. Event-by-event particle identification of A, Z, and q for the reaction products was performed by employing energy loss, time-of-flight, magnetic rigidity, and total kinetic energy measurements. Over 70 nuclei in the Hf-Pt region were identified, including three isotopes first observed in this work: 191,192 Hf and 189 Lu. Due to the existence of multiple charge states between H-like and C-like ions, a new analysis method was introduced, incorporating Monte Carlo calculations of charge state fractions for a given charge state of the projectile residue just after the reaction. For the first time, charge-state probability distribution functions after the reaction have been deduced from experimental data. Furthermore, this study provides insight into how to produce key nuclides near N = 126 and the ability of a fragmentation residue to retain electrons from the primary beam.
190 ≤ A ≤ 219↗
Systematic characterization of unknown compounds via dimensionality reduction of time series
Analysis of ambient aerosols provides valuable insight into particle sources and formation chemistry. However, due to the complexity of atmospheric data and the dynamic nature of aerosol composition, a substantial fraction of data often become discarded by conventional analysis methods. Furthermore, a large fraction of chemical species within those data are unidentifiable due to a lack of matching spectral information, resulting in suboptimal characterization of chemical composition. Previous work has demonstrated techniques for cataloging analytes in a chromatographic dataset by deconvolution of mass spectra, but integration of these analytes throughout a large dataset remains time consuming. Here, we present a method to automatically identify an ion for quantitation for single-ion chromatogram based peak fitting and integration, enabling comprehensive integration of analytes with minimal user interaction. The resulting time series are clustered with a machine-learning based dimensionality reduction technique to systematically investigate the underlying characteristics of the categorized analytes and gain new insights into the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the unidentifiable analytes. We apply these methods to existing atmospheric datasets collected in Manacapuru, Brazil during the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign to identify new analytes and interpret their variability and transformations in the atmosphere. The analysis results generate 408 time series from cataloged analytes of interest, and the clustering of those time series with spherical k-means results in 8 distinct clusters. We find the analytes form clusters based on their distinct physicochemical properties, demonstrating the method’s ability to systematically identify and selectively filter contaminants and instrumental analytes and characterize the unidentifiable analytes.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Sample preparation and biomass determination of SRF model mixture using cryogenic milling and the adapted balance method
Highlights: • An alternative sample comminution procedure for SRF is tested. • Proof of principle is shown on a SRF model mixture. • The biogenic content of the SRF is analyzed with the adapted balance method. • The novel method combines combustion analysis and a data reconciliation algorithm. • Factors for the variance of the analysis results are statistically quantified. - Abstract: The biogenic fraction of a simple solid recovered fuel (SRF) mixture (80 wt% printer paper/20 wt% high density polyethylene) is analyzed with the in-house developed adapted balance method (aBM). This fairly new approach is a combination of combustion elemental analysis (CHNS) and a data reconciliation algorithm based on successive linearisation for evaluation of the analysis results. This method shows a great potential as an alternative way to determine the biomass content in SRF. However, the employed analytical technique (CHNS elemental analysis) restricts the probed sample mass to low amounts in the range of a few hundred milligrams. This requires sample comminution to small grain sizes (<200 μm) to generate representative SRF specimen. This is not easily accomplished for certain material mixtures (e.g. SRF with rubber content) by conventional means of sample size reduction. This paper presents a proof of principle investigation of the sample preparation and analysis of an SRF model mixture with the use of cryogenic impact milling (final sample comminution) and the adapted balance method (determination of biomass content). The so derived sample preparation methodology (cutting mills and cryogenic impact milling) shows a better performance in accuracy and precision for the determination of the biomass content than one solely based on cutting mills. The results for the determination of the biogenic fraction are within 1–5% of the data obtained by the reference methods, selective dissolution method (SDM) and {sup 14}C-method ({sup 14}C-M)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Performance Risk Model Validation with Operationally Relevant Tasks
Human Research Program aims to develop methods to support astronauts’ health and productivity during spaceflight. The Crew Health and Performance Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CHP-PRA) team uses powerful computational methods to predict mission risk in both domains: medical and performance. Here, we show how CHP-PRA uses the Performance Risk Model (PRisM) to quantify the performance risk and show an application of the model on operationally relevant tasks. There are various metrics adopted across performance researchers that PRisM can accommodate. For data analysis, interpretation, and integration, we use a method of unifying data from multiple sources by converting each to a single metric. We consult subject matter experts prior to integrating the converted data into PRisM. The method we use is inspired by the Cooper-Harper rating scale [1]. Using this unified metric, we can easily combine data from various tests and lab groups. We explain our conversion method in detail and show how it pertains to the process of testing and validation of PRisM on operational tasks. We conducted an initial validation in collaboration with the Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) lab. We test PRisM using data on their operationally relevant task ROBoT-r, a track-and-capture task for grappling incoming resupply vehicles [2]. Several other labs at NASA Johnson Space Center worked together to design 7 Functional Task Tests (FTTs) in pursuit of simulating the tasks required after landing on a planetary surface and after return to Earth [3]. Here we use the results from both ROBoT-r and the 7 FTTs and compare their experiment data to PRisM’s computational output to demonstrate how PRisM can support operations by predicting crew performance on future missions.
performance modeling↗
Improved method of analyzing hot-wire measurements in supersonic turbulence
The present analysis method for hot-wire data in supersonic turbulence takes sound field effects into account and yields greater accuracy in its treatment of flow variable fluctuations than existing methods despite requiring only a moderately accurate estimate of static pressure fluctuations. The method demonstrates the way in which neglecting pressure fluctuations will affect hot-wire data analysis, as well as indicating the probable direction the errors will take.
Logan, Pamela↗
A Generalized Bio-inspired Method for Discovering Sequence-based Signatures
Many phenomena that we wish to discover are comprised of sequences of events or event primitives. Often signatures are constructed to identify such phenomena using either distributions or frequencies of attributes, or specific subsequences that are known to correlate to the phenomena. Distribution-based identification does not capture the essence of the sequence of behaviors and therefore may suffer from lack of specificity. At the other extreme, using specific subsequences to identify target phenomena is often too specific and suffers from lower sensitivity when natural variations arise in the phenomena, measuring process, or data analysis. We introduce here a method for discovering signatures for phenomena that are well characterized by sequences of event primitives. In this paper, we describe the steps taken and lessons learned in generalizing a sequence analysis method, BLAST, for use on non-biological datasets including expressing and operating on alphabets of varying length, constructing a reward/penalty model for arbitrary datasets, and discovering low complexity segments in sequence data by extending BLAST’s native low-complexity estimating algorithms. We also present several case studies that demonstrate the utility of this method to discovering signatures in a wide array of applications including network traffic, software analysis, server characterization, and others. Finally, we demonstrate how signatures discovered using this method can be expressed using a variety of model formalisms, each having its own relative benefit.
Signature Science↗
Design Parameters Influencing Reliability of CCGA Assembly: A Sensitivity Analysis
Area Array microelectronic packages with small pitch and large I/O counts are now widely used in microelectronics packaging. The impact of various package design and materials/process parameters on reliability has been studied through extensive literature review. Reliability of Ceramic Column Grid Array (CCGA) package assemblies has been evaluated using JPL thermal cycle test results (-50(deg)/75(deg)C, -55(deg)/100(deg)C, and -55(deg)/125(deg)C), as well as those reported by other investigators. A sensitivity analysis has been performed using the literature da to study the impact of design parameters and global/local stress conditions on assembly reliability. The applicability of various life-prediction models for CCGA design has been investigated by comparing model's predictions with the experimental thermal cycling data. Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis has been conducted to assess the state of the stress/strain in CCGA assembly under different thermal cycling, and to explain the different failure modes and locations observed in JPL test assemblies.
reliability↗
Oxidation of PCEA nuclear graphite by low water concentrations in helium
Not Available
Contescu, Cristian I.↗
Results from the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) experiment
We report the Atacama B-mode Search is an experiment designed to measure the cosmic microwave background polarization at large angular scales (0ℓ>4). It observes at 145 GHz from a site at 5,190 m elevation in northern Chile. The noise equivalent polarization temperature, or NEQ, is 41 μK√s. One of the unique features of ABS is its use of a rapidly rotating ambient-temperature half-wave plate (HWP) {as the first optical element}. {The HWP spins} at 2.55 Hz to modulate the incident polarized signal at frequencies above where instrument white noise dominates over atmospheric fluctuations and other sources of low-frequency noise. We report here on the analysis of data from a 2,400 deg 2 region of sky. We perform a blind analysis to reduce potential bias. After unblinding, we find agreement with the Planck TE and EE measurements on the same region of sky, {with a derived calibration factor of 00.89 ± 0.1}. We marginally detect polarized dust emission {(at 3.2 σ for EE and 2.2 σ for BB)} and give an upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r<2.3 (95% confidence level) with the equivalent of 100 on-sky days of observation. Finally, we also present a new measurement of the polarization of Tau A and introduce new methods for calibration and data analysis associated with HWP-based observations.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Online data analysis and reduction: An important co-design motif for extreme-scale computers
A growing disparity between supercomputer computation speeds and I/O rates means that it is rapidly becoming infeasible to analyze supercomputer application output only after that output has been written to a file system. Instead, data-generating applications must run concurrently with data reduction and/or analysis operations, with which they exchange information via high-speed methods such as interprocess communications. The resulting parallel computing motif, online data analysis and reduction (ODAR), has important implications for both application and HPC systems design. Here we introduce the ODAR motif and its co-design concerns, describe a co-design process for identifying and addressing those concerns, present tools that assist in the co-design process, and present case studies to illustrate the use of the process and tools in practical settings.
Data Analysis↗