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All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2020

CHARACTERISTICS OF CYCLE-TO-CYCLE COMBUSTION VARIABILITY AT PARTIAL-BURN LIMITED AND MISFIRE LIMITED SPARK TIMING UNDER HIGHLY DILUTED CONDITIONS

Diluted combustion with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been widely employed to improve the fuel economy of spark ignition engines. The combustion kinetics, however, are affected and the flame propagation speed is decreased. In order to compensate for this adverse effect, the spark timing needs to be recalibrated to achieve maximum brake torque (MBT). At high levels of EGR dilution, the spark timing is constrained by two ignition limits: 1) the partial-bum limit where the spark timing is retarded from MBT and 2) the misfire limit where the spark timing is too advanced. This work uses a probabilistic framework to capture the differences between both ignition limits. In particular, it introduces the concept of a nominal indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) distribution based on the stochastic properties of the cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) at nominal stable conditions. By defining a nominal band where fully burned cycles occur with high probability, we introduce a cycle classification method that can be used to 1) determine the level of randomness of misfire and partial-burn events, and 2) measure CCV. The new CCV metric based on the density of the nominal band is compared with the traditional coefficient of variation of IMEP (CoVIMEP). It is shown that the nominal band concept, together with the CoVIMEP, can help to discern between partial-burn limited and misfire limited conditions. Furthermore, the Kullback-Leibler divergence is used to demonstrate that the IMEP distribution is significantly different between nominal and partial-burn/misfire limited conditions. Experiments are carried at various EGR levels and spark timings while recoding in-cylinder pressure at steady state. Although the emphasis of this work is to characterize the differences of both ignition limits from a probabilistic point of view, similarities between partial-burn cycles at either limiting conditions are also discussed.

Maldonado, Bryan↗

DOE OSTI2025

Increasing the deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal laser resistance by an additional conditioning with nanosecond pulses

Laser conditioning with 355-nm sub-nanosecond laser light is a well-known procedure to increase the bulk laser-induced damage resistance of deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals. In this study, we investigate a new process to further increase the bulk damage resistance of DKDP crystals by performing additional conditioning with a 6.7-ns 355-nm laser after first conditioning with a 500-ps 355-nm laser. Here, damage tests (using both small and large beams) show that the second nanosecond conditioning raster increased the fluence required to produce the same density (large beam test) and probability (small beam test) of bulk damage by ∼30%.

Crystals↗

DOE OSTI2018

Cross-polarization systematics due to Mizuguchi-Dragone condition breaking by a continuously rotating half-wave plate at prime focus in the Huan Tran telescope

Polarization modulation using a continuously rotating half-wave plate (HWP) is a promising technique to reduce both low-frequency noise and instrumental systematics for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization measurements targeting in ationary B-modes. Although a HWP is best placed sky-side of the telescope optics in order to minimize systematics, >0.5 meter aperture class telescopes must put the HWP elsewhere in the optics chain due to current fabrication limitations in the available HWP size. Polarbear is a ground-based CMB experiment installed on the 2.5m aperture off-axis Gregorian-Dragone type Huan Tran Telescope (HTT) designed to satisfy the Mizuguchi-Dragone condition. Polarbear-2 is a receiver that will be installed on a second HTT in 2018. Polarbear-2 is designed to have a larger field-of-view (FOV) and vastly increased sensitivity to the polarized CMB compared to Polarbear. From the third season of observations, Polarbear has installed a continuously rotating HWP at the spatially localized focus plane between the HTT primary and secondary re ectors which is an optimal location for minimizing the HWP diameter. The HWP's polarization angle re ection with respect to its birefringent axis will theoretically break the Mizuguchi-Dragone condition when placed between the two reflectors and increase cross-polarization systematics. In this study, we analyze how the Mizuguchi-Dragone condition is violated due to a HWP at this location. We then estimate the crosspolarization systematics of the HTT using physical optics simulations. We model an ideal HWP at various angles to estimate the effects of demodulation. We evaluate the increased cross-polarization as the Stokes Q-U mixing term using the Mueller Matrix formalism. It is calculated that this term creates a varying dipole beam pattern whose amplitude ranges from 1% at the center to 10% at the edge FOV pixels for Polarbear and potentially up to 20% for Polarbear-2. We also estimate the leakage of the E-mode into the B-mode angular power spectrum measurements due to this cross-polarization. We show that the cross-polarization systematic error leakage is sufficiently lower than the Polarbear-2 statistical uncertainty thanks to mitigations such as focal plane averaging and sky rotation. Currently for Polarbear-2 we are planning to place the HWP at Gregorian focus, but keeping the HWP at prime focus as a back-up solution in case that there are unforeseen telescope spatial and HWP material size constraints. Through this study we find that even though a HWP between the two reflectors will violate the Mizuguchi-Dragone condition, this HWP at prime focus will still have sufficiently low cross-polarization for Polarbear-2. The prime focus HWP is a potential configuration that can be applied to similar off-axis Gregorian-Dragone telescopes in order to minimize the required HWP diameter.

Takakura, Satoru↗

DOE OSTI2015

Data consistency conditions for truncated fanbeam and parallel projections

Purpose: In image reconstruction from projections, data consistency conditions (DCCs) are mathematical relationships that express the overlap of information between ideal projections. DCCs have been incorporated in image reconstruction procedures for positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and x-ray computed tomography (CT). Building on published fanbeam DCCs for nontruncated projections along a line, the authors recently announced new DCCs that can be applied to truncated parallel projections in classical (two-dimensional) image reconstruction. These DCCs take the form of polynomial expressions for a weighted backprojection of the projections. The purpose of this work was to present the new DCCs for truncated parallel projections, to extend these conditions to truncated fanbeam projections on a circular trajectory, to verify the conditions with numerical examples, and to present a model of how DCCs could be applied with a toy problem in patient motion estimation with truncated projections. Methods: A mathematical derivation of the new parallel DCCs was performed by substituting the underlying imaging equation into the mathematical expression for the weighted backprojection and demonstrating the resulting polynomial form. This DCC result was extended to fanbeam projections by a substitution of parallel to fanbeam variables. Ideal fanbeam projections of a simple mathematical phantom were simulated and the DCCs for these projections were evaluated by fitting polynomials to the weighted backprojection. For the motion estimation problem, a parametrized motion was simulated using a dynamic version of the mathematical phantom, and both noiseless and noisy fanbeam projections were simulated for a full circular trajectory. The fanbeam DCCs were applied to extract the motion parameters, which allowed the motion contamination to be removed from the projections. A reconstruction was performed from the corrected projections. Results: The mathematical derivation revealed the anticipated polynomial behavior. The conversion to fanbeam variables led to a straight-forward weighted fanbeam backprojection which yielded the same function and therefore the same polynomial behavior as occurred in the parallel case. Plots of the numerically calculated DCCs showed polynomial behavior visually indistinguishable from the fitted polynomials. For the motion estimation problem, the motion parameters were satisfactorily recovered and ten times more accurately for the noise-free case. The reconstructed images showed that only a faint trace of the motion blur was still visible after correction from the noisy motion-contaminated projections. Conclusions: New DCCs have been established for fanbeam and parallel projections, and these conditions have been validated using numerical experiments with truncated projections. It has been shown how these DCCs could be applied to extract parameters of unwanted physical effects in tomographic imaging, even with truncated projections.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-656: Quantitative Analysis of Proton Boron Fusion Therapy (PBFT) in Various Conditions

Purpose: Three alpha particles are concomitant of proton boron interaction, which can be used in radiotherapy applications. We performed simulation studies to determine the effectiveness of proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) under various conditions. Methods: Boron uptake regions (BURs) of various widths and densities were implemented in Monte Carlo n-particle extended (MCNPX) simulation code. The effect of proton beam energy was considered for different BURs. Four simulation scenarios were designed to verify the effectiveness of integrated boost that was observed in the proton boron reaction. In these simulations, the effect of proton beam energy was determined for different physical conditions, such as size, location, and boron concentration. Results: Proton dose amplification was confirmed for all proton beam energies considered (< 96.62%). Based on the simulation results for different physical conditions, the threshold for the range in which proton dose amplification occurred was estimated as 0.3 cm. Effective proton boron reaction requires the boron concentration to be equal to or greater than 14.4 mg/g. Conclusion: We established the effects of the PBFT with various conditions by using Monte Carlo simulation. The results of our research can be used for providing a PBFT dose database.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

DOE OSTI2016

The fate of carbon dioxide in water-rich fluids under extreme conditions

Investigating the fate of dissolved carbon dioxide under extreme conditions is critical to understanding the deep carbon cycle in Earth, a process that ultimately influences global climate change. We used first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to study carbonates and carbon dioxide dissolved in water at pressures ( P ) and temperatures ( T ) approximating the conditions of Earth’s upper mantle. Contrary to popular geochemical models assuming that molecular CO 2 (aq) is the major carbon species present in water under deep Earth conditions, we found that at 11 GPa and 1000 K, carbon exists almost entirely in the forms of solvated carbonate ( CO 3 2 - ) and bicarbonate ( HCO 3 - ) ions and that even carbonic acid [H 2 CO 3 (aq)] is more abundant than CO 2 (aq). Furthermore, our simulations revealed that ion pairing between Na + and CO 3 2 - / HCO 3 - is greatly affected by P - T conditions, decreasing with increasing pressure at 800 to 1000 K. Our results suggest that in Earth’s upper mantle, water-rich geofluids transport a majority of carbon in the form of rapidly interconverting CO 3 2 - and HCO 3 - ions, not solvated CO 2 (aq) molecules.

Pan, Ding (ORCID:0000000223530130)↗

DOE OSTI2013

Proteome Analyses of Strains ATCC 51142 and PCC 7822 of the Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp under Culture Conditions Resulting in Enhanced H-2 Production

Cultures of the cyanobacterial genus Cyanothece have been shown to produce high levels of biohydrogen. These strains are diazotrophic and undergo pronounced diurnal cycles when grown under N2-fixing conditions in light-dark cycles. We seek to better understand the way in which proteins respond to these diurnal changes and we performed quantitative proteome analysis of Cyanothece ATCC 51142 and PCC 7822 grown under 8 different nutritional conditions. Nitrogenase expression was limited to N2-fixing conditions, and in the absence of glycerol, nitrogenase gene expression was linked to the dark period. However, glycerol induced expression of nitrogenase during part of the light period, together with cytochrome c oxidase (Cox), glycogen phosphorylase (Glp), and glycolytic and pentose-phosphate pathway (PPP) enzymes. This indicated that nitrogenase expression in the light was facilitated via higher respiration and glycogen breakdown. Key enzymes of the Calvin cycle were inhibited in Cyanothece ATCC 51142 in the presence of glycerol under H2 producing conditions, suggesting a competition between these sources of carbon. However, in Cyanothece PCC 7822, the Calvin cycle still played a role in cofactor recycling during H2 production. Our data comprise the first comprehensive profiling of proteome changes in Cyanothece PCC 7822, and allows an in-depth comparative analysis of major physiological and biochemical processes that influence H2-production in both the strains. Our results revealed many previously uncharacterized proteins that may play a role in nitrogenase activity and in other metabolic pathways and may provide suitable targets for genetic manipulation that would lead to improvement of large scale H2 production.

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory↗

DOE OSTI2011

Check of the gluon-reggeization condition in the next-to-leading order: Quark part

The bootstrap condition for gluon production in multi-Regge kinematics is considered in the next-to-leading order. Bootstrap conditions follow fromthe requirement that the Regge formof amplitudes in QCD be consistent with s-channel unitarity and are nonlinear relations between the Reggeized-gluon trajectory and vertex functions. Their fulfillment ensures the Reggeization of gluons-that is, the Regge form of both elastic and inelastic amplitudes. This condition is the only one that has not yet been verified. The demonstration of its fulfillment is the ultimate step in proving the Reggeization of gluons in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation. In the present article, this is done for the quark part of the bootstrap condition.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Peculiarities of charged particle dynamics under cyclotron resonance conditions

Peculiarities of the dynamics of charged particles interacting with electromagnetic radiation under nearly autoresonance conditions are analyzed. In particular, analysis of nonlinear cyclotron resonances shows that their widths increase when the autoresonance conditions are approached. In this case, however, the distance between nonlinear resonances increases even faster, due to which nonlinear resonances do not overlap and, accordingly, regimes with dynamic chaos do not occur. According to calculations, the dynamics of charged particles under the autoresonance conditions is very sensitive to fluctuations, the effect of which can be anomalously large and lead to superdiffusion. It is shown that, under the autoresonance conditions, particle dynamics on small time intervals can differ significantly from that on large time intervals. This effect is most pronounced in the presence of fluctuations in the system.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

Durability of Highly Active PGM Catalyst MEA Tested Via Nitrogen and Air AST Cycling Under HDV Condition

PEMFCs are widely considered as the most promising power sources, particularly for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Unfortunately, the degradation of MEAs under HDV condition remains insufficiently studied. In this work, we systematically investigated two MEAs with catalysts of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported over high surface area carbon black. These MEAs were tested for durability under HDV condition in nitrogen using a DOE AST protocol for 180,000 cycles, which is equivalent to 30,000 hours or 1 million miles of operation. The commercial Catalyst MEA also underwent 6,000 AST cycles in air under M2FCT condition. We comprehensively investigated the degradation of catalysts. Our results indicate that both MEAs undergo continuous performance degradation in H 2 /air and H 2 /O 2 during the AST cycling in nitrogen, where analysis employing scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reveal significant degradation behavior for Pt catalysts. The MEA exhibits more significant degradation, especially within mass transfer region, during the AST process in air. In conclusion, this study describes the long-term degradation behavior and mechanism with AST cycling in nitrogen or air governing highly efficient and durable PGM-catalyst MEA design under HDV conditions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2017

Analysis of the Conformally Flat Approximation for Binary Neutron Star Initial Conditions

The spatially conformally flat approximation (CFA) is a viable method to deduce initial conditions for the subsequent evolution of binary neutron stars employing the full Einstein equations. Here in this paper, we analyze the viability of the CFA for the general relativistic hydrodynamic initial conditions of binary neutron stars. We illustrate the stability of the conformally flat condition on the hydrodynamics by numerically evolving ~100 quasicircular orbits. We illustrate the use of this approximation for orbiting neutron stars in the quasicircular orbit approximation to demonstrate the equation of state dependence of these initial conditions and how they might affect the emergent gravitational wave frequency as the stars approach the innermost stable circular orbit.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Models For Automated Screening Of Condition Report

As part of the corrective action program (CAP) at nuclear power plants, employees are given the opportunity and responsibility to identify issues and conditions present at the plant that may have an effect on the function of plant systems. When an employee identifies a potential issue, they create a condition report which is submitted to the CAP system. This condition report then goes through a screening process to determine the importance of the condition and thus the priority that must be placed on correcting it and/or preventing future issues. The purpose of this software is to assist with the screening process in an automated way using machine learning models. This software covers both the training of a machine learning model as well as applying the model to records.

Krome, Cameron↗

DOE OSTI2025

Dependence of Convective Cloud Microphysical Properties on Environmental Conditions during the TRACER and ESCAPE Field Campaigns: A Synergistic Approach of Observations, Machine Learning and Parcel Models

The sensitivity of convective clouds to aerosols and their interactions with environment, combined with limited observational constraints in parameterizations, introduces significant uncertainties in atmospheric models. Here, this study investigates the dependence of convective cloud microphysical properties on environmental conditions using a synergistic approach that combines unique observations from the TRACER and ESCAPE field campaigns, machine learning techniques, and parcel model simulations with a super-droplet microphysics scheme. A random forest algorithm identifies in-situ vertical velocity (w), temperature (T), and surface fine-mode aerosol mass concentration as the three most important environmental conditions influencing cloud properties including liquid water content (LWC), number concentration for particles with D max < 50 μm (N c ,<50), 50 μm ≤ D max ≤ 3000 μm (N c,50–3000 ), and droplet effective diameter (D e ). Results show that LWC, N c,<50 , and N c,50–3000 significantly increase with w in updrafts. Across w bins, as T decreases, LWC, D e , and N c,50–3000 increase, while N c,<50 decreases, which are closely linked to the distance above cloud bases. Warmer cloud bases yield higher LWC, greater N c,50–3000 , and smaller N c,<50 , while polluted environments produce greater N c,<50 . Parcel model simulations successfully replicate these observed dependencies. The simulation results indicate that warmer cloud bases enhance condensation generating larger droplets, and differences in droplet sizes are then amplified through collision-coalescence, resulting in a greater N c,50–3000 . Polluted conditions result in a greater N c,<50 primarily due to enhanced cloud condensation nuclei activation despite increased collision-coalescence rates compared to pristine conditions. This study provides observed quantitative patterns characterizing cloud microphysical properties as a function of key environmental parameters, offering valuable constraints for improving physics parameterizations and numerical models.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2016

Effects of injection parameters, boost, and swirl ratio on gasoline compression ignition operation at idle and low-load conditions

In this study, we study the effects of injector nozzle inclusion angle, injection pressure, boost, and swirl ratio on gasoline compression ignition combustion. Closed-cycle computational fluid dynamics simulations using a 1/7th sector mesh representing a single cylinder of a four-cylinder 1.9 L diesel engine, operated in gasoline compression ignition mode with 87 anti-knock index (AKI) gasoline, were performed. Two different operating conditions were studied—the first is representative of idle operation (4 mg fuel/cylinder/cycle, 850 r/min), and the second is representative of a low-load condition (10 mg fuel/cylinder/cycle, 1500 r/min). The mixture preparation and reaction space from the simulations were analyzed to gain insights into the effects of injection pressure, nozzle inclusion angle, boost, and swirl ratio on achieving stable low-load to idle gasoline compression ignition operation. It was found that narrower nozzle inclusion angles allow for more reactivity or propensity to ignition (determined qualitatively by computing constant volume ignition delays) and are suitable over a wider range of injection timings. Under idle conditions, it was found that lower injection pressures helped to reduce overmixing of the fuel, resulting in greater reactivity and ignitability (ease with which ignition can be achieved) of the gasoline. However, under the low-load condition, lower injection pressures did not increase ignitability, and it is hypothesized that this is because of reduced chemical residence time resulting from longer injection durations. Reduced swirl was found to maintain higher in-cylinder temperatures through compression, resulting in better ignitability. It was found that boosting the charge also helped to increase reactivity and advanced ignition timing.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2015

Evaluation of the response of tritium-in-air instrumentation to HT in dry and humid conditions and to HTO vapor

Nuclear plant operators (power generation, decommissioning and reprocessing operations) are required to monitor releases of tritium species for regulatory compliance and radiation protection purposes. Tritium monitoring is performed using tritium-in-air gas monitoring instrumentation based either on flow-through ion chambers or proportional counting systems. Tritium-in-air monitors are typically calibrated in dry conditions but in service may operate at elevated levels of relative humidity. The NPL (National Physical Laboratory) radioactive gas-in-air calibration system has been used to study the effect of humidity on the response to tritium of two tritium-in-air ion chamber based monitors and one proportional counting system which uses a P10/air gas mixture. The response of these instruments to HTO vapour has also been evaluated. In each case, instrument responses were obtained for HT in dry conditions (relative humidity (RH) about 2%), HT in 45% RH, and finally HTO at 45% RH. Instrumentation response to HT in humid conditions has been found to slightly exceed that in dry conditions. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Combined analysis of microbial metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing data to assess in situ physiological conditions in the premature infant gut

Microbes alter their transcriptomic profiles in response to the environment. The physiological conditions experienced by a microbial community can thus be inferred using meta-transcriptomic sequencing by comparing transcription levels of specifically chosen genes. However, this analysis requires accurate reference genomes to identify the specific genes from which RNA reads originate. In addition, such an analysis should avoid biases in transcript counts related to differences in organism abundance. In this study we describe an approach to address these difficulties. Sample-specific meta-genomic assembled genomes (MAGs) were used as reference genomes to accurately identify the origin of RNA reads, and transcript ratios of genes with opposite transcription responses were compared to eliminate biases related to differences in organismal abundance, an approach hereafter named the “diametric ratio” method. We used this approach to probe the environmental conditions experienced by Escherichia spp. in the gut of 4 premature infants, 2 of whom developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe inflammatory intestinal disease. We analyzed twenty fecal samples taken from four premature infants (4–6 time points from each infant), and found significantly higher diametric ratios of genes associated with low oxygen levels in samples of infants later diagnosed with NEC than in samples without NEC. We also show this method can be used for examining other physiological conditions, such as exposure to nitric oxide and osmotic pressure. These study results should be treated with caution, due to the presence of confounding factors that might also distinguish between NEC and control infants. Nevertheless, together with benchmarking analyses, we show here that the diametric ratio approach can be applied for evaluating the physiological conditions experienced by microbes in situ. Results from similar studies can be further applied for designing diagnostic methods to detect NEC in its early developmental stages.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

Data for "Soil carbon dynamics during drying vs. rewetting: Importance of antecedent moisture conditions"

This dataset contains data used for the paper "Soil carbon dynamics during drying vs. rewetting: importance of antecedent moisture conditions". The Related References field will be updated with a full citation when available.Soil moisture influences soil carbon dynamics, including microbial growth and respiration. The response of such ‘soil respiration’ to moisture changes is generally assumed to be linear and reversible, i.e. to depend only on the current moisture state. Current models thus do not account for antecedent soil moisture conditions when determining soil respiration or the available substrate pool. We conducted a laboratory incubation to determine how the antecedent conditions of drought and flood influenced soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry, bioavailability, and respiration. We sampled soils from an upland coastal forest, Beaver Creek, WA USA, and subjected them to drying and rewetting treatments. For the drying treatment, field moist soils were saturated and then dried to 75, 50, 35, and 5 % saturation. In the rewetting treatment, field moist soils were air-dried and then rewet to 35, 50, 75, and 100 % saturation. We measured respiration and water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) concentrations and used 1H-NMR and FT-ICR-MS to characterize the WEOC pool across the treatments. The drying vs. wetting treatment strongly influenced SOM bioavailability, as rewet soils (with antecedent drought) had greater WEOC concentrations and respiration fluxes compared to the drying soils (with antecedent flood). In addition, air-dry soils had the highest WEOC concentrations, and the NMR-resolved peaks showed a strong contribution of protein groups in these soils. Both NMR and FT-ICR-MS analyses indicated increased contribution of complex aromatic groups/molecules in the rewet soils, compared to the drying soils. We suggest that drying introduced organic matter into the WEOC pool via desorption of aromatic molecules and/or by microbial cell lysis, and this stimulated microbial mineralization rates. Our work indicates that even short-term shifts in antecedent moisture conditions can strongly influence soil C dynamics at the core scale. The predictive uncertainties in current soil models may be reduced by a more accurate representation of soil water and C persistence that includes a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of the impact of antecedent moisture conditions.This dataset contains a compressed (.zip) archive of the data and R scripts used for this manuscript. The dataset includes files in .csv and .txt format, which can be accessed and processed using MS Excel or R. NMR data are provided as raw output data (accessed in Bruker TopSpin or MestreNova) as well as the MestreNova-processed files. This archive can also be accessed on GitHub at https://github.com/kaizadp/hysteresis_and_soil_carbon (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4432885).

1H-NMR↗

DOE OSTI2021

Data for "Soil texture and environmental conditions influence the biogeochemical responses of soils to drought and flooding"

This dataset contains data used for the paper "Soil texture and environmental conditions influence the biogeochemical responses of soils to drought and flooding". The Related References field will be updated with a full citation when available.Climate change is intensifying the global water cycle, with increased frequency of drought and flood. Water is an important driver of soil carbon dynamics, and it is crucial to understand how moisture disturbances will affect carbon availability and fluxes in soils. Here we investigate the role of water in substrate-microbe connectivity and soil carbon cycling under extreme moisture conditions. We collected soils from Alaska, Florida, and Washington USA, and incubated them under Drought and Flood conditions. Drought had a stronger effect on soil respiration, pore-water carbon, and microbial community composition than flooding. Soil response was not consistent across sites, and was influenced by site-level pedological and environmental factors. Soil texture and porosity can influence microbial access to substrates through the pore network, driving the chemical response. Further, the microbial communities are adapted to the historic stress conditions at their sites and therefore show site-specific responses to drought and flood.This dataset contains a compressed (.zip) archive of the data and R scripts used for this manuscript. The dataset includes files in .csv and .txt format, which can be accessed and processed using MS Excel or R. This archive can also be accessed on GitHub at https://github.com/kaizadp/TES_3Soils_2021 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4792655).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗