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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 937 records · Page 52

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NASA NTRS1975

A theoretical/experimental program to develop active optical pollution sensors: Quantitative remote Raman lidar measurements of pollutants from stationary sources

Typical pollutant gas concentrations at the stack exits of stationary sources can be estimated to be about 500 ppm under the present emission standards. Raman lidar has a number of advantages which makes it a valuable tool for remote measurements of these stack emissions. Tests of the Langley Research Center Raman lidar at a calibration tank indicate that night measurements of SO2 concentrations and stack opacity are possible. Accuracies of 10 percent are shown to be achievable from a distance of 300 m within 30 min integration times for 500 ppm SO2 at the stack exits. All possible interferences were examined quantitatively (except for the fluorescence of aerosols in actual stack emissions) and found to have negligible effect on the measurements. An early test at an instrumented stack is strongly recommended.

Poultney, S. K.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Program for developing and implementing a new approach to designing for fire safety in buildings

The traditional method of providing for fire safety in buildings through reliance on codes and standards that prescribe specific measures to be taken in the design and construction of buildings to minimize the potential for a fire occurring and to protect property and life should a fire occur was evaluated. A new approach to designing for fire safety in buildings is outlined.

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NASA NTRS1977

A theoretical/experimental program to develop active optical pollution sensors

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology was applied to the assessment of air quality, and its usefulness was evaluated by actual field tests. Necessary hardware was successfully constructed and operated in the field. Measurements of necessary physical parameters, such as SO2 absorption coefficients were successfully completed and theoretical predictions of differential absorption performance were reported. Plume modeling improvements were proposed. A full scale field test of equipment, data analysis and auxiliary data support was conducted in Maryland during September 1976.

Mills, F. S.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Technology advancement of the static feed water electrolysis process

Some results are presented of a research and development program to continue the development of a method to generate oxygen for crew metabolic consumption during extended manned space flights. The concept being pursued is that of static feed water electrolysis. Specific major results of the work included: (1) completion of a 30-day electrode test using a Life Systems, Inc.-developed high performance catalyst. During startup the cell voltages were as low as 1.38 V at current densities of 108 mA/sq cm (100 ASF) and temperatures of 355 K (180 F). At the end of 30 days of testing the cell voltages were still only 1.42 V at 108 mA/sq cm, (2) determination that the Static Feed Water Electrolysis Module does not release an aerosol of the cell electrolyte into the product gas streams after a break-in period of 24 hours following a new electrolyte charge, and (3) completion of a detailed design analysis of an electrochemical Oxygen Generation Subsystem at a three-man level (4.19 kg/day (9.24 lb/day) of oxygen).

Jensen, F. C.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Meteorological support for remote sensing programs

Many earth-oriented remote sensing spacecraft and aircraft programs are affected by the presence of clouds. Like aerial photography, they require clear or mostly clear skies. To cope with the cloud problem, the National Weather Service through its Spaceflight Meteorology Group (SMG) of the Space Operations Support Division makes cloud cover forecasts, as part of its specialized weather service for various NASA remote sensing and other programs. Forecasting requirements vary in time from a few hours out to several days and in aerial extent from a particular locality to nearly global in coverage. Depending on the stage of program development, some remote sensing programs may involve special climatological studies for planning purposes or need ground-truth data for comparison with remotely sensed information. The importance of computer and weather satellite products to the SMG meteorologist is discussed and the nature of SMG's weather support of past, present, and future remote sensing programs is described.

Cox, J. L.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Remote sensing R&D planning

A NASA method is described for forecasting remote sensing needs in the last decade of this century and for planning the necessary space system technology R&D. Five- and ten-year plans for earth observations in various disciplines are extrapolated forward to circa 1995 via a scenario which envisions major advances in remote sensing and information management. Space system studies identify the 'technology drivers', and development programs are initiated to develop the enabling technology. An example is given for a multipurpose large-aperture microwave radiometer spacecraft.

Keafer, L. S., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Study program to develop and evaluate die and container materials for the growth of silicon ribbons

Initial sessile drop experiments on SiC, Si3N4 and A1N were conducted. Very promising results were achieved on both SiC and Si3N4 where minimal penetration of these CNTD coatings by molten silicon was observed. More detailed characterization of the CNTD microstructures was accomplished as well as X-ray characterization of the third and fourth candidate materials system sets (i.e. A1N and altered Si3N4). Polished sections of post sessile drop specimens were also prepared and evaluated. The techniques of full scale crucible hot pressing were developed and die grinding development was initiated. The apparatus for measurement of oxygen partial pressure was reconstructed and calibrated. The sessile drop temperature measurement procedure was calibrated for absorption by the pyrex view-port and additional Auger electron analysis was performed at the interface of molten silicon with CNTD Si3N4 and A1N.

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NASA NTRS1979

Study Program to Develop and Evaluate Die and Container Materials for the Growth of Silicon Ribbons

The completion of a major hardware delivery milestone was accomplished with the delivery of three CNTD Si3N4 coated hot pressed Si3N4 crucibles. A limited characterization of the coating was performed at MRL prior to delivery. The coatings were fine grained alpha - Si3N4. It was determined that a two piece die design is required. The importance of the role of oxygen in influencing the attack of the CNTD materials by molten silicon was demonstrated. The stability is greatly enhanced by maintaining the oxygen partial pressure near or below the Si + O2 = SiO2 equilibrium.

Ounby, P. D.↗

NASA NTRS1979

An overview of current Navy programs to develop thrust augmenting ejectors

The primary objective of Navy sponsored research in thrust augmentation is the development of an improved augmenter for V/STOL application. In support of this goal, a data base is being established to provide an accurate prediction capability for use in ejector design. A general technology development of ejectors and associated effects presently is split into the more specific areas of lift and control, since thrust augmenting ejectors may be suitable for both. Research areas examined include advanced diffuser and end wall design; advanced primary nozzles; analytic studies; augmenting reaction controls; and nozzle design.

Green, K. A.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Program to develop sprayed, plastically deformable compressor shroud seal materials

A study of fundamental rub behavior for ten dense sprayed materials and eight current compressor clearance materials has been conducted. A literature survey of a wide variety of metallurgical and thermophysical properties was conducted and correlated to rub behavior. Based on these results, the most promising dense rub material was Cu-9Al. Additional studies on the effects of porosity, incursion rate, blade solidity and ambient temperature were carried out on aluminum bronze (Cu-9Al-1Fe) with and without a 515B Feltmetal underlayer.

Schwab, R. C.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Study program to develop and evaluate die and container materials for the growth of silicon ribbons

The development and evaluation of proprietary coatings of pure silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride on less pure hot pressed substrates of the respective ceramic materials, is described. Silicon sessile drop experiments were performed on coated test specimens under controlled oxygen partial pressure. Prior to testing, X-ray diffraction and SEM characterization was performed. The reaction interfaces were characterized after testing with optical and scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure was found to increase the molten silicon contact angle, apparently because adsorbed oxygen lowers the solid-vapor interfacial free energy. It was also found that adsorbed oxygen increased the degree of attack of molten silicon upon the chemical vapor deposited coatings. Cost projections show that reasonably priced, coated, molten silicon resistant refractory material shapes are obtainable.

Addington, L. A.↗

NASA NTRS1980

COSMIC: A catalog of selected computer programs

Information is presented on various computer programs developed in the space program which are now available to the public. Many programs from the Department of Defense and selected software from other government agencies are also offered. Over 1500 programs in almost every technical or managerial discipline are available.

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NASA NTRS1980

Program to develop sprayed, plastically deformable compressor shroud seal materials

A study of fundamental rub behavior for 10 dense, sprayed materials and eight current compressor clearance materials was conducted. A literature survey of a wide variety of metallurgical and thermophysical properties was conducted and correlated to rub behavior. Based on the results, the most promising dense rub material was Cu-9A1. Additional studies on the effects of porosity, incursion rate, blade solidity, and ambient temperature were carried out on aluminum bronze (Cu-9Al-1Fe) with and without a 515B Feltmetal underlayer. A further development effort was conducted to assess the property requirements of a porous, aluminum bronze, seal material. Strength, thermal cycle capabilities, erosion and oxidation resistance, machinability, and abradability at several porosity levels were examined.

Schell, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Track train dynamics analysis and test program: Methodology development for the derailment safety analysis of six-axle locomotives

The operational safety of six axle locomotives is analyzed. A locomotive model with corresponding data on suspension characteristics, a method of track defect characterization, and a method of characterizing operational safety are used. A user oriented software package was developed as part of the methodology and was used to study the effect (on operational safety) of various locomotive parameters and operational conditions such as speed, tractive effort, and track curvature. The operational safety of three different locomotive designs was investigated.

Marcotte, P. P.↗

NASA NTRS1982

The aerodynamic performance of several flow control devices for internal flow systems

An experimental reseach and development program was undertaken to develop and document new flow-control devices for use in the major modifications to the 40 by 80 Foot wind tunnel at Ames Research Center. These devices, which are applicable to other facilities as well, included grid-type and quasi-two-dimensional flow straighteners, louver panels for valving, and turning-vane cascades with net turning angles from 0 deg to 90 deg. The tests were conducted at model scale over a Reynolds number range from 2 x 100,000 to 17 x 100,000, based on chord. The results showed quantitatively the performance benefits of faired, low-blockage, smooth-surface straightener systems, and the advantages of curved turning-vanes with hinge-line gaps sealed and a preferred chord-to-gap ratio between 2.5 and 3.0 for 45 deg or 90 deg turns.

Eckert, W. T.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Advanced 3-V semiconductor technology assessment

Against a background of an extensive survey of the present state of the art in the field of III-V semiconductors for operation at microwave frequencies (or gigabit rate speeds), likely requirements of future space communications systems are identified, competing technologies and physical device limitations are discussed, and difficulties in implementing emerging technologies are projected. On the basis of these analyses, specific research and development programs required for the development of future systems components are recommended.

Nowogrodzki, M.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Program for development of strain tolerant thermal barrier coating system

The results of thermal conductivity, thermal expansion and high cycle fatigue tests conducted on coating systems are presented. These results show that the thermal conductivity of coating system 8 at approximately 982 C (1800 F) is substantially higher than system 3 while no significant differences were observed in the thermal expansion measurements up to approximately 1316 C (2400 F). High cycle fatigue (HCF) testing, which was conducted at room temperature and several stress levels, showed both coatings to be extremely resistant to spallation in HCF.

Anderson, N. P.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Separator development and testing of nickel-hydrogen cells

The components, design, and operating characteristics of Ni-H2 cells batteries were improved. A separator development program was designed to develop a separator that is resistant to penetration by oxygen and loose active material from then nickel electrode, while retraining the required chemical and thermal stability, reservoir capability, and high ionic conductivity. The performance of the separators in terms of cell operating voltage was to at least match that of state-of-the-art separators while eliminating the separator problems. The separators were submitted to initial screening tests and those which successfully completed the tests were built into Ni-H2 cells for short term testing. The separators with the best performance are tested for long term performance and life.

Gonzalez-Sanabria, O. D.↗