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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 955 records · Page 53
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Rethinking surface reactions in nanoscale dry processes toward atomic precision and beyond: a physics and chemistry perspective

In this review, we discuss the progress of emerging dry processes with atomic precision. Researchers in the field of plasma processing and surface science have addressed the increasingly challenging demands of material selectivity by utilization of synergistic enhancement of etching or deposition. The discussion encompasses major challenges in the plasma science and technology community. Here, the focus of the review is advances in atomic layer etching and area-selective deposition with activation or deactivation, especially in terms of materials scaling and variety. Control of high-aspect-ratio feature fabrication in semiconductor manufacturing and etched shapes of interior features at the nanoscale are needed. Issues related to profile distortion have received much attention. State-of-the-art techniques used in semiconductor manufacturing are reviewed and future challenges are outlined.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1961

Carbon Dioxide Reduction Systems

The Methoxy system for regenerating oxygen from carbon dioxide was studied. Experiments indicate that the reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be carried out with ease in an efficient manner and with excellent heat conservation. A small reactor capable of handling the C02 expired by three men has been built and operated. The decomposition of methane by therma1,arc and catalytic processes was studied. Both the arc and catalytic processes gave encouraging results with over 90 percent of the methane being decomposed to carbon and hydrogen in some of the catalytic processes. Control of the carbon deposition in both the catalytic and arc processes is of great importance to prevent catalyst deactivation and short circuiting of electrical equipment. Sensitive analytical techniques have been developed for all of the components present in the reactor effluent streams.

METHOXY SYSTEM↗
NASA NTRS1972

Preventing oil migration in vacuum systems

Method which uses a disposable metal gasket that is removed when system is deactivated eliminates oil migration from mechanical pump to other areas of the system.

Cridlin, M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The reaction of OH with NO2

NO2 was photolyzed with 2288A radiation at 300 and 423 K in the presence of H2O, CO, and in some cases excess He. The photolysis produces O(1D) atoms which react with H2O to give HO radicals or are deactivated by CO to O(3P) atoms. The ratio k sub 5/k sub 3 is temperature dependent, being 0.33 at 300 K and 0.60 at 423 K. From these two points the Arrhenius expression is estimated to be k sub 5/k sub 3 = 2.6 exp(-1200/RT) where R is in calories/mole - K. The OH radical is either removed by NO2 or reacts with CO.

Simonaitis, R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Apollo 16 Mission Anomaly Report No. 1: Oxidizer Deservicing Tank Failure

The command module reaction control system is emptied of all remaining propellant using ground support equipment designed to provide an acid/base neutralization of the propellant in both the liquid and gaseous phases so that it may be disposed of safely. During the deactivation operation of the oxidizer from the Apollo 16 command module on 7 May 1972, the scrubber tank of the decontamination unit exploded, destroying the ground support equipment unit and damaging the building that housed the operation. Only minor injuries were received by the personnel in the area and the command module was not damaged. Test results show that the failure was caused by an insufficient quantity of neutralizer for the quantity of oxidizer. This insufficiency lead to exothermic nitration-type reactions which produced large quantities of gas at a very high rate and failed the decontamination tank.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

Apollo 16 Mission: Oxidizer Deservicing Tank Failure: Anomaly Report - No. 1

An explosive failure of a ground support equipment decontamination unit tank occurred during the postflight deactivation of the oxidizer (nitrogen tetroxide) portion of the Apollo 16 command module reaction control system. A discussion of the significant aspects of the incident and conclusions are included.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1974

Temperature dependence of vibrational relaxation in the HF, DF, HF-CO2, and DF-CO2 systems

The laser excited fluorescence method has been employed to determine rate constants for V to V, R and V to R, T relaxation HF (nu = 1) and DF(nu = 1) by CO2 over the temperature range from 295 to 670 K. The self-deactivation rates for HF(nu = 1) and DF(nu = 1) by ground state molecules and the rate of V to V, R transfer from HF(nu = 1) and DF(nu = 1) to the CO2 (00/0/1) state exhibit a marked decrease with increasing temperature. The results provide additional evidence for the conversion of the large vibrational energy defects of the present systems into rotational motion of the hydrogen halide under the influence of a sizable attractive intermolecular potential well.

Lucht, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence study of the formation of O(D-1) in the photolysis of water and reaction of O(D-1) with H2, Ar and He

The relative importance of two primary processes in the photolyis of water: (1) H2O + h (nu) yields H + OH, and (2) H2O + h (nu) yields H2 + OD-1 were determined in a direct manner by time resolved detection (via resonance fluorescence) of H and O formed in processes 1 and 2 respectively. The initially formed OD-1 was deactivated to ground state OP-3 prior to detection via resonance fluorescence. The relative quantum yields for processes 1 and 2 are 0.89 and 0.11 for the wavelength interval 105 to 145nm and = to or greater than 0.99, and = to or less than 0.01 for the wavelength interval 145 to 185nm. Rate constants at 300 K for the reactions OD-1 + H2, + Ar, and + He are presented.

Stief, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

San Francisco floating STOLport study

The operational, economic, environmental, social and engineering feasibility of utilizing deactivated maritime vessels as a waterfront quiet short takeoff and landing facility to be located near the central business district of San Francisco was investigated. Criteria were developed to evaluate each site, and minimum standards were established for each criterion. Predicted conditions at the two sites were compared to the requirements for each of the 11 criteria as a means of evaluating site performance. Criteria include land use, community structure, economic impact, access, visual character, noise, air pollution, natural environment, weather, air traffic, and terminal design.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Development of a high-resolution automatic digital (urine/electrolytes) flow volume and rate measurement system of miniature size

To aid in the quantitative analysis of man's physiological rhythms, a flowmeter to measure circadian patterns of electrolyte excretion during various environmental stresses was developed. One initial flowmeter was designed and fabricated, the sensor of which is the approximate size of a wristwatch. The detector section includes a special type of dielectric integrating type sensor which automatically controls, activates, and deactivates the flow sensor data output by determining the presence or absence of fluid flow in the system, including operation under zero-G conditions. The detector also provides qualitative data on the composition of the fluid. A compact electronic system was developed to indicate flow rate as well as total volume per release or the cumulative volume of several releases in digital/analog forms suitable for readout or telemetry. A suitable data readout instrument is also provided. Calibration and statistical analyses of the performance functions required of the flowmeter were also conducted.

Liu, F. F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Temperature dependence of vibrational relaxation in the HF-DF, HF-CO2, and DF-CO2 systems. II

Measurements of vibrational energy transfer probabilities are presented for the temperature range 205-360 K for HF-DF, HF-CO2, and DF-CO2 gas mixtures. The present results provide an accurate determination of the inverse temperature dependence of the energy transfer probabilities exhibited by these systems. Large deactivation effects caused by HF (DF) polymers were observed for temperatures below 220 K.

Lucht, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Reaction of NH2 with NO and O2

Experiments were performed on the photooxidation of NH3 at room temperature and the photolysis of NH3-NO mixtures in order to determine the reaction paths of NH2 with O2. NH3 was photolyzed (NH3 + E yields NH2 + H) in the presence of O2 above 0.6 torr at 213.9 nm and 25 C, producing N2 and N2O. Only N2 and N2O were produced with any significant quantum yield, and their quantum yield was invariant with reaction conditions, which imposes a great number of constraints reducing the number of possible reactions greatly. It is argued that the N2 must be produced from the NH2O2 radical which was produced by the reaction between NH2 and O2. Subsequent reactions leading to N2 and N2O are speculative. In the photolysis of NH3 in the presence of NO and NO-O2 mixtures, the products identified were N2, H2, and N2O. Without the presence of O2, the reaction scheme after photolysis is (2) NH2 + NO yields N2 + H2O, (3) H + NO + M yields HNO + M, (4) H + HNO yields H2 + NO, and (5) 2HNO yields N2O + H2O. The average value for the ratio k3 times the square root of k5 divided by k4 was computed to be (1.6 plus or minus 0.6) times 10 to the minus 28th cm to the exponent 9/2 per square root sec. In addition, the presence of 113 mtorr of O2 had no effect on the quantum yields of N2 or H2, so it appears that it does not deactivate electronically excited NH3.

Jayanty, R. K. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Synthesis and analysis of jet fuel from shale oil and coal syncrudes

Thirty-two jet fuel samples of varying properties were produced from shale oil and coal syncrudes, and analyzed to assess their suitability for use. TOSCO II shale oil and H-COAL and COED syncrudes were used as starting materials. The processes used were among those commonly in use in petroleum processing-distillation, hydrogenation and catalytic hydrocracking. The processing conditions required to meet two levels of specifications regarding aromatic, hydrogen, sulfur and nitrogen contents at two yield levels were determined and found to be more demanding than normally required in petroleum processing. Analysis of the samples produced indicated that if the more stringent specifications of 13.5% hydrogen (min.) and 0.02% nitrogen (max.) were met, products similar in properties to conventional jet fuels were obtained. In general, shale oil was easier to process (catalyst deactivation was seen when processing coal syncrudes), consumed less hydrogen and yielded superior products. Based on these considerations, shale oil appears to be preferred to coal as a petroleum substitute for jet fuel production.

Gallagher, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Payload specialist station study. Volume 2, part 1: Preliminary design document

The details of six tasks of the payload Specialist Station study are discussed: (1) derive payload control and display requirements; (2) perform functional analyses; (3) perform system synthesis; (4) perform trade studies; (5) perform preliminary design; and (6) provide data format. Functional analysis diagrams were developed for the study payloads. These diagrams presented the payload's functional activities flow based on the six mission phases established. These phases are: (1) launch, ascent, orbit insertion; (2) on-orbit checkout and activation; (3) on-orbit operation; (4) deployment/retrieval; (5) on-orbit deactivation; and (6) descent, landing, post-landing. To perform system synthesis the widest variety of available hardware and software, as individual pieces of equipment and as systems, was investigated. The intent was to synthesize a complete AFD system or systems which could accommodate the range of requirements identified for the study missions.

Source record↗