Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “MAGNETIC CORES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Symmetry and magnetism in Ni 9 Te 6 clusters ligated by CO or phosphine ligands

In this paper, the removal of a single ligand from the magnetic Ni 9 Te 6 (L) 8 (L = P(CH 3 ) 3 , CO) clusters is found to quench the magnetic moment. The reduction in magnetic moment is caused by a geometric deformation of the Ni 9 Te 6 core that breaks the octahedral symmetry of the cluster. This effect is observed in both the CO and phosphine based ligands. The octahedral symmetry bare cluster is also found to have a large magnetic moment. These results highlight the dilemma faced by magnetic ligand protected clusters whose symmetry has been broken: whether to break the spin symmetry as in Hund’s rules or to break the spatial symmetry as in the Jahn-Teller effect. Finally, the spatial symmetry breaking is found to be an oblate distortion that forms additional Ni–Te bonds resulting in the enhanced stability of the cluster.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

AB INITIO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS OF p-SHELL NUCLEI WITH JISP16

We review energies and magnetic moments of p-shell nuclei obtained with the ab initio No-Core Full Configuration (NCFC) approach using the JISP16 realistic nucleon–nucleon interaction. We present calculated ground state energies for all stable p-shell nuclei and selected unstable isotopes, as well as their magnetic moments. We also review excitation energies for narrow resonances of A = 6 to 9 nuclei. We compare our results with experimental data and with other ab initio calculations, where available. We illustrate how the decomposition of total angular momentum into intrinsic spin and orbital components provides insights into the structure of states and relationships among states. We illustrate the challenges of obtaining converged results for radii, quadrupole moments and B(E2) values.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2014

Decline of the lunar core dynamo

Recent analyses of Apollo samples have demonstrated that a core dynamo existed on the Moon between at least 4.25 and 3.56 billion years ago (Ga) with surface field intensities reaching ~70 μT. However, it is unknown when the Moon's magnetic field declined. Determining the temporal evolution of the dynamo is important because it constrains secular changes in power at the lunar core–mantle boundary and, by implication, the Moon's thermal and orbital evolution and the field generation mechanism. In this work, we present paleomagnetic data from several younger mare basalts which demonstrate that the surface magnetic field had declined precipitously to <~ 4μT by 3.19 Ga. It is currently unclear whether such a rapid decrease in field strength reflects either the cessation of the dynamo during this period or its persistence beyond 3.19 Ga in a drastically weakened state.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

STABLE HEATING OF CLUSTER COOLING FLOWS BY COSMIC-RAY STREAMING

We study heating of cool cores in galaxy clusters by cosmic-ray (CR) streaming using numerical simulations. In this model, CRs are injected by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and move outward with Alfven waves. The waves are excited by the streaming itself and become nonlinear. If magnetic fields are large enough, CRs can prevail in and heat the entire core because of a large Alfven velocity. We find that the CR streaming can stably heat both high- and low-temperature clusters for a long time without the assistance of thermal conduction, and it can prevent the development of massive cooling flows. If there is even a minor contribution from thermal conduction, the heating can be stabilized further. We discuss the reason for the stability and indicate that the CR pressure is insensitive to changes in the intracluster medium (ICM) and that the density dependence of the heating term is similar to that of radiative cooling.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Achieving stationary high performance plasmas at Wendelstein 7-X

This work reports on recent results on the search for high performance plasma scenarios at the magnetically confined stellarator fusion device Wendelstein 7-X. In four new designed scenarios, the development from transient toward stationary plasmas of improved performance has been realized. In particular, a high performance duration of up to 5 s, an energy confinement time of 0.3 s, a diamagnetic energy of 1.1 MJ, a central ion temperature of 2.2 keV, and a fusion triple product of 3.4 x 10 19 m -3 ∙ keV ∙ s have been achieved, and previously observed limitations of the machine have been overcome, regarding both the performance and its duration. The two main experimental techniques for stationary high performance are neutral beam injection core fueling on the one hand and the use of a magnetic field configuration with internal islands on the other hand. Two of the developed scenarios are expected to be extendable straightforward toward a duration of several tens of seconds, making use of the long pulse operation capabilities of W7-X.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analysis of hydrogen fueling, recycling, and confinement at Wendelstein 7-X via a single-reservoir particle balance

Abstract A single-reservoir particle balance for the main plasma species hydrogen has been established for W7-X. This has enabled the quantitative characterization of the particle sources in the standard island divertor configuration for the first time. Findings from attached scenarios with two different island sizes with a boronized wall and turbo molecular pumping are presented. Fueling efficiencies, particle flows and source locations were measured and used to infer the total particle confinement time τ p . Perturbative gas injection experiments served to measure the effective particle confinement time τ p * . Combining both confinement times provides access to the global recycling coefficient R ¯ . Hydrogen particle inventories have been addressed and the knowledge of particle sources and sinks reveals the core fueling distribution and provides insight into the capability of the magnetic islands to control exhaust features. Measurements of hydrogen fueling efficiencies were sensitive to the precise fueling location and measured between 12% and 31% with the recycling fueling at the strike line modeled at only 6%, due to much higher densities. 15% of the total 5.2 × 10 22 a/s recycling flow ionizes far away from the recycling surfaces in the main chamber. It was shown that 60% of recycled particles ionize above the horizontal and 18% above the vertical divertor target, while the remainder of the recycling flow ionizes above the baffle (7%). Combining these source terms with their individual fueling efficiencies resolves the core fueling distribution. Due to the higher fueling efficiency in the main chamber, up to 51% of the total 5.1 × 10 21 s −1 core fueling particles are entering the confined plasma from the main chamber. τ p values in the range of 260 ms were extracted for these discharges. Together with τ p , the global recycling coefficient R ¯ was resolved for every τ p * measurement and a typical value close to unity was obtained. An increase of the island size, resulted in no change of τ p , but doubled τ p * , indicating the feasibility of the control coils as an actuator to control exhaust features without affecting core confinement properties.

recycling↗
DOE OSTI2025

On the Development of Compact HTS Coil Modules for Large Bore High Field Superconducting Magnets

Lower cost, high current density superconducting coil modules producing higher magnetic fields and cooled affordably are crucial for obtaining cost-effective, compact commercial fusion reactors. Accessibility to low cost, higher field magnets (>30 T) is also critical for the discovery of new quantum phenomena in materials, cosmic frontier and other topics in basic science research. The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is working with Princeton University to develop unique large bore, compact superconducting magnets to support science experiments including the development of new instrumentation for condensed matter physics and Axion dark matter search in the cosmic frontier. Core elements of these experiments are unique for access to lower cost, simple fabrication of compact superconducting magnets that can be cooled affordably, while integrated with dedicated science instruments. Conductor qualification and coil design concepts are discussed in support of needs for these experiments. PPPL has the unique expertise and experimental facilities to design, construct and test subscale coil modules for these projects. Compact high field coil modules were fabricated and tested to validate coil design concepts and coil performance. Finally, the design and model coil integration challenges are discussed to identify performance risks and demonstrate feasibility for deploying full scale large bore compact superconducting magnets for cost effective operations of multiple laboratory experiments.

axion dark matter↗
DOE OSTI2015

THE EXTREMELY LONG-PERIOD X-RAY SOURCE IN A YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANT: A THORNE-ŻYTKOW OBJECT DESCENDANT?

The origin of the 6.67 hr period X-ray source, 1E161348-5055, in the young supernova remnant RCW 103 is puzzling. We propose that it may be the descendant of a Thorne-Żytkow Object (TŻO). A TŻO may at its formation have a rapidly spinning neutron star as a core and a slowly rotating envelope. We found that the core could be braked quickly to an extremely long spin period by the coupling between its magnetic field and the envelope, and that the envelope could be disrupted by some powerful bursts or exhausted via stellar wind. If the envelope is disrupted after the core has spun down, the core will become an extremely long-period compact object, with a slow proper motion speed, surrounded by a supernova-remnant-like shell. These features all agree with the observations of 1E161348-5055. TŻOs are expected to have produced extraordinarily high abundances of lithium and rapid proton process elements that would remain in the remnants and could be used to test this scenario.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Fast nanoscale addressability of nitrogen-vacancy spins via coupling to a dynamic ferromagnetic vortex

The core of a ferromagnetic vortex domain creates a strong, localized magnetic field, which can be manipulated on nanosecond timescales, providing a platform for addressing and controlling individual nitrogen-vacancy centre spins in diamond at room temperature, with nanometre-scale resolution. Here, we show that the ferromagnetic vortex can be driven into proximity with a nitrogen-vacancy defect using small applied magnetic fields, inducing significant nitrogen-vacancy spin splitting. We also find that the magnetic field gradient produced by the vortex is sufficient to address spins separated by nanometre-length scales. By applying a microwave-frequency magnetic field, we drive both the vortex and the nitrogen-vacancy spins, resulting in enhanced coherent rotation of the spin state. Lastly, we demonstrate that by driving the vortex on fast timescales, sequential addressing and coherent manipulation of spins is possible on ~ 100 ns timescales.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cosmological and supernova neutrinos

The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are the pillars of modern cosmology. It has recently been suggested that axion which is a dark matter candidate in the framework of the standard model could condensate in the early universe and induce photon cooling before the epoch of the photon last scattering. Although this may render a solution to the overproduction problem of primordial {sup 7}Li abundance, there arises another serious difficulty of overproducing D abundance. We propose a hybrid dark matter model with both axions and relic supersymmetric (SUSY) particles to solve both overproduction problems of the primordial D and {sup 7}Li abundances simultaneously. The BBN also serves to constrain the nature of neutrinos. Considering non-thermal photons produced in the decay of the heavy sterile neutrinos due to the magnetic moment, we explore the cosmological constraint on the strength of neutrino magnetic moment consistent with the observed light element abundances. Core-collapse supernovae eject huge flux of energetic neutrinos which affect explosive nucleosynthesis of rare isotopes like {sup 7}Li, {sup 11}B, {sup 92}Nb, {sup 138}La and {sup 180}Ta and r-process elements. Several isotopes depend strongly on the neutrino flavor oscillation due to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. Combining the recent experimental constraints on θ{sub 13} with predicted and observed supernova-produced abundance ratio {sup 11}B/{sup 7}Li encapsulated in the presolar grains from the Murchison meteorite, we show a marginal preference for an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. We also discuss supernova relic neutrinos (SRN) that may indicate the softness of the equation of state (EoS) of nuclear matter and adiabatic conditions of the neutrino oscillation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fragmentation of massive dense cores down to ≲ 1000 AU: Relation between fragmentation and density structure

In order to shed light on the main physical processes controlling fragmentation of massive dense cores, we present a uniform study of the density structure of 19 massive dense cores, selected to be at similar evolutionary stages, for which their relative fragmentation level was assessed in a previous work. We inferred the density structure of the 19 cores through a simultaneous fit of the radial intensity profiles at 450 and 850 μm (or 1.2 mm in two cases) and the spectral energy distribution, assuming spherical symmetry and that the density and temperature of the cores decrease with radius following power-laws. Even though the estimated fragmentation level is strictly speaking a lower limit, its relative value is significant and several trends could be explored with our data. We find a weak (inverse) trend of fragmentation level and density power-law index, with steeper density profiles tending to show lower fragmentation, and vice versa. In addition, we find a trend of fragmentation increasing with density within a given radius, which arises from a combination of flat density profile and high central density and is consistent with Jeans fragmentation. We considered the effects of rotational-to-gravitational energy ratio, non-thermal velocity dispersion, and turbulence mode on the density structure of the cores, and found that compressive turbulence seems to yield higher central densities. Finally, a possible explanation for the origin of cores with concentrated density profiles, which are the cores showing no fragmentation, could be related with a strong magnetic field, consistent with the outcome of radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Interstrand Coupling Properties of LARP High Gradient Quadrupole Cables in Response to Variations in Cable Design and Heat Treatment Condition

Calorimetric measurement of coupling loss versus frequency has been measured on two sets of cored and uncored large Hadron Collider Accelerator Research Program high gradient quadrupole Nb 3 Sn Rutherford cables. Studied are the responses of the resulting interstrand contact resistances (ICR) to variation of stainless-steel (SS) core width and position and to variation of reaction-heat-treatment (RHT) condition. One pair of cables (an early HQ-series type) with and without core had received RHT under 20-MPa uniaxial face-on pressure. Another set of cables (recent QXF type) furnished with SS cores of various widths had received RHT under ambient pressure. The results were displayed as cable-cross-sectional micrographs and plots of ICR versus percent core coverage (W). The HQ cables were tightly compacted and produced results consistent with a previously expected continuous ICR versus W variation. Furthermore, the QXF cables were uncompacted such that their upper and lower layers were separated by what is referred to as a full-width 'pseudocore;' as a result, their ICRs were independent of the widths of the SS cores. Compaction versus noncompaction is discussed and future research directions are suggested.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Final report: Mapping Interactions in Hybrid Systems with Active Scanning Probes

This project aimed to study and map interactions between components of hybrid nanodevices using a novel scanning probe approach. To enable this work, we initially constructed a flexible experimental apparatus allowing for simultaneous scanning probe and confocal optical microscopy measurements. This setup was first used for all-optical measurements of nanostructures, with the focus then shifting to hybrid devices in which single coherent electron spins are coupled to micron-scale ferromagnetic elements, which may prove useful for addressing single spins, enhanced sensing, or spin-wave-mediated coupling of spins for quantum information applications. A significant breakthrough was the realization that it is not necessary to fabricate a magnetic structure on a scanning probe – instead a ferromagnetic vortex core can act as an integrated, solid state, scanning probe. The core of the vortex produces a very strong, localized fringe field which can be used analogously to an MFM tip. Unlike a traditional MFM tip, however, the vortex core is scanned within an integrated device (eliminating drift), and can be moved on vastly faster timescales. This approach allows the detailed investigation of interactions between single spins and complex driven ferromagnetic dynamics.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

A proton-cyclotron wave storm generated by unstable proton distribution functions in the solar wind

We use audification of 0.092 s cadence magnetometer data from the Wind spacecraft to identify waves with amplitudes >0.1 nT near the ion gyrofrequency (∼0.1 Hz) with duration longer than 1 hr during 2008. We present one of the most common types of event for a case study and find it to be a proton-cyclotron wave storm, coinciding with highly radial magnetic field and a suprathermal proton beam close in density to the core distribution itself. Using linear Vlasov analysis, we conclude that the long-duration, large-amplitude waves are generated by the instability of the proton distribution function. The origin of the beam is unknown, but the radial field period is found in the trailing edge of a fast solar wind stream and resembles other events thought to be caused by magnetic field footpoint motion or interchange reconnection between coronal holes and closed field lines in the corona.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effects of core type, placement, and width on the estimated interstrand coupling properties of QXF-type Nb 3 Sn Rutherford cables

The coupling magnetization of a Rutherford cable is inversely proportional to an effective interstrand contact resistance R eff , a function of the crossing-strand resistance R c , and the adjacent strand resistance R a . In cored cables, R eff continuously varies with W, the core width expressed as percent interstrand cover. For a series of un-heat-treated stabrite-coated NbTi LHC-inner cables with stainless-steel (SS, insulating) cores, R eff (W) decreased smoothly as W decreased from 100%, whereas for a set of research-wound SS-cored Nb 3 Sn cables, R eff plummeted abruptly and remained low over most of the range. The difference is due to the controlling influence of R c - 2.5 μΩ for the stabrite/NbTi and 0.26 μΩ for Nb 3 Sn. The experimental behavior was replicated in the R eff (W)’s calculated by the program CUDI, which (using the basic parameters of the QXF cable) went on to show in terms of decreasing W that: 1) in QXF-type Nb 3 Sn cables (R c = 0.26 μΩ), R eff dropped even more suddenly when the SS core, instead of being centered, was offset to one edge of the cable; 2) R eff decreased more gradually in cables with higher R c ’s; and 3) a suitable R eff for a Nb 3 Sn cable can be achieved by inserting a suitably resistive core rather than an insulating (SS) one.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Probing the Chemical Stability of Mixed Ferrites: Implications for Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Design

Nanomaterials with mixed composition, in particular magnetic spinel ferrites, are emerging as efficient contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Many factors, including size, composition, atomic structure, and surface properties, are crucial in the design of such nanoparticle-based probes because of their influence on the magnetic properties. Silica-coated iron oxide (IO-SiO{sub 2}) and cobalt ferrite (CoIO-SiO{sub 2}) nanoparticles were synthesized using standard high-temperature thermal decomposition and base-catalyzed water-in-oil microemulsion techniques. Under neutral aqueous conditions, it was found that 50-75% of the cobalt content in the CoIO-SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles leached out of the core structure. Leaching caused a 7.2-fold increase in the longitudinal relaxivity and an increase in the saturation magnetization from {approx}48 to {approx}65 emu/g of the core. X-ray absorption fine structure studies confirmed that the atomic structure of the ferrite core was altered following leaching, while transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering confirmed that the morphology and size of the nanoparticle remained unchanged. The CoIO-SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles converted from a partially inverted spinel cation arrangement (unleached state) to an inverse spinel arrangement (leached state). The control IO-SiO{sub 2} nanoparticles remained stable with no change in the structure and negligible changes in the magnetic behavior. This detailed analysis highlights how important understanding the properties of nanomaterials is in the development of reliable agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Multifunctional GdVO 4 : Eu core–shell nanoparticles containing 225 Ac for targeted alpha therapy and molecular imaging

Gadolinium vanadate nanoparticles (NPs) doped with europium, in concentrations between 5–40%, were synthesized via an aqueous route to prove their multimodal imaging functionalities and their performance as radionuclide carriers for targeted alpha therapy. Core–shell Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 VO 4 NPs were doped with the α-emitting actinium-225 to assess the in vitro retention of 225 Ac and its decay daughters; francium-221 and bismuth-213. Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 VO 4 core–shell NPs were obtained using a precipitation synthesis route having a tetragonal system, a spherical morphology, and a uniform particle size distribution. Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 VO 4 core–shell NPs displayed the characteristic intense emission at 618 nm (red) and paramagnetic behavior of Eu and Gd cations, respectively. Partial retention of radionuclides was obtained with Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 VO 4 core NPs, while deposition of two nonradioactive Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 VO 4 shells significantly decreased the leakage of both 225 Ac and 221 Fr. As a result, the luminescence and magnetic functionalities as well as radionuclide retention capabilities of Gd 0.8 Eu 0.2 VO 4 core–shell NPs demonstrate their potential for biomedical applications.

gadolinium and europium vanadate↗