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At least 955 records · Page 53

High-pressure neutron diffraction at ultra-low temperature

Neutron diffraction is a powerful tool in the study of quantum materials and associated emergent phenomena as it allows for direct detection of magnetic structure even at ultra-low temperatures. As pressure can drive systems across quantum critical points and tune emergent behaviors at the quantum scale, coupling neutron diffraction with extreme conditions of high pressure at (ultra-)low temperatures has been a key research target over decades. This has proven challenging as magnetic neutron diffraction typically requires large sample volumes due to flux limitations, whereas high-pressure studies require small sample volumes due to pressure limitations. Combining these two contradictory requirements poses many difficulties, but also brings opportunities in research and development. Here, we address these shortcomings through the use of a diamond anvil cell equipped with polycrystalline anvils with relatively large sample volumes coupled with the high neutron flux made available by the high-pressure diffractometer of the Spallation Neutron Source. This particular diamond anvil cell configuration has previously proven useful for single-crystal samples and is here coupled with the ultra-low temperatures of a dilution refrigerator for the first time. Our study on a single crystal of Yb 2 ⁢O 3 successfully collected magnetic neutron diffraction data at 5.3 GPa below 200 mK inside a dilution refrigerator. We have performed a detailed analysis of the magnetic diffraction data to investigate the magnetic structure under pressure and observed a subtle shift in the transition temperature. This development will open the door for future studies on magnetic materials with these much-desired coupled extremes of high pressure and ultra-low temperatures.

Wu, Yan [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak↗

Patternable Mesoporous Thin Film Quantum Materials via Block Copolymer Self-Assembly: An Emergent Technology?

Recent developments in quantum materials hold promise for revolutionizing energy and information technologies. The use of soft matter self-assembly, for example, by employing block copolymers (BCPs) as structure directing or templating agents, offers facile pathways toward quantum metamaterials with highly tunable mesostructures via scalable solution processing. Here, we report the preparation of patternable mesoporous niobium carbonitride-type thin film superconductors through spin-coating of a hybrid solution containing an amphiphilic BCP swollen by niobia sol precursors and subsequent thermal processing in combination with photolithography. Spin-coated as-made BCP-niobia hybrid thin films on silicon substrates after optional photolithographic definition are heated in air to produce a porous oxide, and subsequently converted in a multistep process to carbonitrides via treatment with high temperatures in reactive gases including ammonia. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering suggests the presence of ordered mesostructures in as-made BCP-niobia films without further annealing, consistent with a distorted alternating gyroid morphology that is retained upon thermal treatments. Wide-angle X-ray scattering confirms the synthesis of phase-pure niobium carbonitride nanocrystals with rock-salt lattices within the mesoscale networks. Electrical transport measurements of unpatterned thin films show initial exponential rise in resistivity characteristic of thermal activation in granular systems down to 12.8 K, at which point resistivity drops to zero into a superconducting state. Magnetoresistance measurements determine the superconducting upper critical field to be over 16 T, demonstrating material quality on par with niobium carbonitrides obtained from traditional solid-state synthesis methods. Here. we discuss how such cost-effective and scalable solution-based quantum materials fabrication approaches may be integrated into existing microelectronics processing, promising the emergence of a technology with tremendous academic and industrial potential by combining the capabilities of soft matter self-assembly with quantum materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Magnetic properties of a spin-orbit entangled $J_{eff}$ = $\frac{1}{2}$ honeycomb lattice

The interplay between spin-orbit coupling, anisotropic magnetic interaction, frustration-induced quantum fluctuations, and spin correlations can lead to novel quantum states with exotic excitations in rare-earth-based quantum magnets. Herein, we present the crystal structure, magnetization, electron spin resonance (ESR), specific heat, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the polycrystalline samples of $\mathrm{Ba_9}$$\mathrm{Yb_2}$$\mathrm{Si_6}$$\mathrm{O_{24}}$, in which $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$ ions form a perfect honeycomb lattice without detectable antisite disorder. The magnetization data reveal antiferromagnetically coupled spin-orbit entangled $J_{eff}$ = $\frac{1}{2}$ degrees of freedom of $\mathrm{Yb^{3+}}$ ions in the Kramers doublet state. The ESR measurements reveal that the first excited Kramers doublet is 32.3(7) meV above the ground state. The specific heat results suggest the absence of any long-range magnetic order in the measured temperature range. Furthermore, the $\mathrm{^{29}Si}$ NMR results do not indicate any signature of magnetic ordering down to 1.6 K, and the spin-lattice relaxation rate reveals the presence of a field-induced gap that is attributed to the Zeeman splitting of the Kramers doublet state in this quantum material. Here, our experiments detect neither spin freezing nor long-range magnetic ordering down to 1.6 K. The current results suggest the presence of short-range spin correlations in this spin-orbit entangled $J_{eff}$ = $\frac{1}{2}$ rare-earth magnet on a honeycomb lattice.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Integrated Broadband Quantum Cascade Laser

A broadband, integrated quantum cascade laser is disclosed, comprising ridge waveguide quantum cascade lasers formed by applying standard semiconductor process techniques to a monolithic structure of alternating layers of claddings and active region layers. The resulting ridge waveguide quantum cascade lasers may be individually controlled by independent voltage potentials, resulting in control of the overall spectrum of the integrated quantum cascade laser source. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Mansour, Kamjou↗

Study of alloy disorder in quantum dots through multi-million atom simulations

A tight binding model which includes s, p, d, s orbitals is used to examine the electronic structures of an ensemble of dome-shaped In0.6 Ga0.4 As quantum dots. Given ensembles of identically sized quantum dots, variations in composition and configuration yield a linewidth broadening of less than 0.35 meV, much smaller than the total broadening determined from photoluminescence experiments. It is also found that the computed disorder-induced broadening is very sensitive to the applied boundary conditions, so that care must be taken to ensure proper convergence of the numerical results. Examination of local eigenenergies as functions of position shows similar convergence problems and indicates that an inaccurate resolution of the equilibrium atomic positions due to truncation of the simulation domain may be the source of the slow ground state convergence.

disorder↗

Molecular surface programming of rectifying junctions between InAs colloidal quantum dot solids

Heavy-metal-free III–V colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) show promise in optoelectronics: Recent advancements in the synthesis of large-diameter indium arsenide (InAs) CQDs provide access to short-wave infrared (IR) wavelengths for three-dimensional ranging and imaging. In early studies, however, we were unable to achieve a rectifying photodiode using CQDs and molybdenum oxide/polymer hole transport layers, as the shallow valence bandedge (5.0 eV) was misaligned with the ionization potentials of the widely used transport layers. This occurred when increasing CQD diameter to decrease the bandgap below 1.1 eV. Here, we develop a rectifying junction among InAs CQD layers, where we use molecular surface modifiers to tune the energy levels of InAs CQDs electrostatically. Previously developed bifunctional dithiol ligands, established for II-VI and IV-VI CQDs, exhibit slow reaction kinetics with III-V surfaces, causing the exchange to fail. Here, we study carboxylate and thiolate binding groups, united with electron-donating free end groups, that shift upward the valence bandedge of InAs CQDs, producing valence band energies as shallow as 4.8 eV. Photophysical studies combined with density functional theory show that carboxylate-based passivants participate in strong bidentate bridging with both In and As on the CQD surface. The tuned CQD layer incorporated into a photodiode structure achieves improved performance with EQE (external quantum efficiency) of 35% (>1 μm) and dark current density < 400 nA cm -2 , a >25% increase in EQE and >90% reduced dark current density compared to the reference device. This work represents an advance over previous III-V CQD short-wavelength IR photodetectors (EQE < 5%, dark current > 10,000 nA cm -2 ).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Evolution of Charge-Lattice Dynamics across the Kuramoto Synchronization Phase Diagram of Quantum Tunneling Polarons in Cuprate Superconductors

Because of its sensitivity to the instantaneous structure factor, S(Q,t = 0), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a powerful tool for probing the dynamic structure of condensed matter systems in which the charge and lattice dynamics are coupled. When applied to hole-doped cuprate superconductors, EXAFS has revealed the presence of internal quantum tunneling polarons (IQTPs). An IQTP arises in EXAFS as a two-site distribution for certain Cu–O pairs, which is also duplicated in inelastic scattering but not observed in standard diffraction measurements. The Cu–Sr pair distribution has been found to be highly anharmonic and strongly correlated to both the IQTPs and to superconductivity, as, for example, in YSr 2 Cu 2.75 Mo 0.25 O 7.54 (T c =84 K). In order to describe such nontrivial, anharmonic charge-lattice dynamics, we have proposed a model Hamiltonian for a prototype six-atom cluster, in which two Cu-apical-O IQTPs are charge-transfer bridged through Cu atoms by an O atom in the CuO 2 plane and are anharmonically coupled via a Sr atom. By applying an exact diagonalization procedure to this cluster, we have verified that our model indeed produces an intricate interplay between charge and lattice dynamics. Then, by using the Kuramoto model for the synchronization of coupled quantum oscillators, we have found a first-order phase transition for the IQTPs into a synchronized, phase-locked phase. Most importantly, we have shown that this transition results specifically from the anharmonicity. Finally, we have provided a phase diagram showing the onset of the phase-locking of IQTPs as a function of the charge-lattice and anharmonic couplings in our model. We have found that the charge, initially confined to the apical oxygens, is partially pumped into the CuO 2 plane in the synchronized phase, which suggests a possible connection between the synchronized dynamic structure and high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) in doped cuprates.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Optical high-order harmonic generation as a structural characterization tool

Structural characterization is essential to material engineering, but few tools can detect structural properties in the time domain. High harmonic generation (HHG) emerges as a new frontier that touches the heart of condensed-matter physics from the symmetry to quantum geometrical nature of electrons, but its capability in structural characterization has not been materialized. Here, we establish a crucial connection between the symmetry of a material and the helicity of light. We employ monolayer MoS 2 as an example. In this work, we show that a linearly polarized laser pulse used in experiments is not ideal for structural characterization because it only generates in-plane anisotropy. It is the circularly polarized laser field that is capable of producing four distinctive HHG signals from the four phases of MoS 2 . This finally links the laser helicity to the crystal structure. The results are generic and are not affected by the Berry curvature, the interband or intraband contribution. Our study unleashes the power of HHG as a structural characterization tool for technologically important materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Orbital structure of the effective pairing interaction in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates

The nature of the effective interaction responsible for pairing in the high-temperature superconducting cuprates remains unsettled. This question has been studied extensively using the simplified single-band Hubbard model, which does not explicitly consider the orbital degrees of freedom of the relevant CuO 2 planes. Here, we use a dynamical cluster quantum Monte Carlo approximation to study the orbital structure of the pairing interaction in the three-band Hubbard model, which treats the orbital degrees of freedom explicitly. We find that the interaction predominately acts between neighboring copper orbitals, but with significant additional weight appearing on the surrounding bonding molecular oxygen orbitals. By explicitly comparing these results to those from the simpler single-band Hubbard model, our study provides strong support for the single-band framework for describing superconductivity in the cuprates.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Entanglement and seniority

In quantum mechanics entanglement is the most striking phenomenon which has no counterpart in classical systems. Although, different approaches have already been developed to study correlations in the case of indistinguishable particles, the exploration of the so-called mode entanglement is still in its initial stage in nuclear physics. Study of mode-entanglement in the seniority model, derivation of analytic formulas for the one-body reduced density matrix of states with seniority $ν$ = 0, 1, 2, and $ν$ = 3, and also determination of the particle number dependence of the one-body reduced density matrix for arbitrary seniority. In addition, comparison of the predictions of the seniority model with the results of the shell model to gain insight into the structure and correlations of the ground and lowest yrast states. In the seniority model the analytic results are calculated using the quasi-spin formalism. The numerical shell model calculations are carried out in the standard shell model framework using an inert core. The applied realistic effective interactions are derived earlier using the $G$-matrix formalism. The density matrix renormalization group method is also applied in order to directly calculate the mode entropies. In the seniority model simple analytical expressions are given for the mode entropies. The peculiar behavior of the half-filled shells and the seniority-zero states are revealed. Numerical results are presented for the lightest stable calcium isotopes and for 94 Ru nucleus. For 94 Ru, the seniority model accounts for the 0$g$ 9/2 mode entropies, but seniority mixing is important for certain yrast states. Furthermore, interaction induced quantum fluctuations decrease the occupation of the 0$f$ 5/2 , 1$p$ 3/2 and 1$p$ 1/2 shells, and amount in non-negligible mode entropies on these shells, too, clearly outside the scope of the simple (0$g$ 9/2 ) 4 seniority model. The 0$f$ 7/2 shell-based seniority model is more accurate for the Ca isotopes, but seniority mixing is substantial for some 44 Ca yrast states, too. Mode and one-body entanglement entropies are useful tools to investigate the structure of quantum correlations in nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Slow thermalization and subdiffusion in $U$(1) conserving Floquet random circuits

Random quantum circuits are paradigmatic models of minimally structured and analytically tractable chaotic dynamics. We study a family of Floquet unitary circuits with Haar random U(1) charge conserving dynamics; the minimal such model has nearest-neighbor gates acting on spin-1/2 qubits, and a single layer of even/odd gates repeated periodically in time. We find that this minimal model is not robustly thermalizing at numerically accessible system sizes, and displays slow subdiffusive dynamics for long times. We map out the thermalization dynamics in a broader parameter space of charge conserving circuits, and understand the origin of the slow dynamics in terms of proximate localized and integrable regimes in parameter space. In contrast, we find that small extensions to the minimal model are sufficient to achieve robust thermalization; these include (i) increasing the interaction range to three-site gates, (ii) increasing the local Hilbert space dimension by appending an additional unconstrained qubit to the conserved charge on each site, or (iii) using a larger Floquet period comprised of two independent layers of gates. Furthermore, our results should inform future studies of charge conserving circuits, which are relevant for a wide range of topical theoretical questions.

1-dimensional spin chains↗

Scalar Atomic Defect-Based Solid-State Self-calibrating Magnetometer (3SM) for Space Plasma Analysis

The Earth’s magnetosphere is a system of multiple, co-located particle populations interacting via plasma waves. Things to understand are driving processes, radiation belt and ring current issues, auroral physics, internal plasma processes, and magnetosphere-ionosphere mapping issues. These plasma-physics processes enable the Earth’s magnetosphere to evolve in response to temporal changes in the solar wind and they underlie the phenomena of space weather, which impacts spacecraft systems, astronauts, radio communications, and ground based electric-power grids. The objective of 3SM is to measure magnetic field strength and to calibrate the Vector Magnetometer (VM) device to maintain absolute accuracy during a mission. The 3SM features make the instrument preferably suited not only for the traditional role of scalar magnetometers as absolute references for the calibration of the on-board vector instruments, but also for extended operational capacities, such as higher frequency scalar measurements (of potential interest for magnetosphere studies for the low frequency part of the spectrum) or autonomous scalar / vector operations. Diamond has been the solid-state platform of choice for quantum device technologies for some time, however, it suffers from difficulties such as scalability, integration, and cost. While the diamond platform is very useful for quantum technologies, further development is needed to make it viable. The material platform of choice for NASA Glenn’s Quantum Sensing And Spin Physics (Q-SASP) is silicon carbide (SiC). This is due to the much higher industry development of the SiC material platform for high-power and high-temperature electronics. It leverages both the decades-long SiC development expertise and infrastructure at NASA Glenn and its growing capabilities in quantum metrology. To make SiC devices usable for quantum technologies such as quantum sources, a much deeper understanding of defects is needed. Q-SASP is developing quantum metrology capabilities to evaluate the energy structure, defect formation energy, band structure augmentation, generation/recombination rates, and limits of dipole-dipole coupling in non-metal implanted SiC devices. This can be achieved by analysis of zero-field splitting, low-field resonance, and singlet-triplet mixing through various forms of Electrically Detectable Magnetic Resonance (EDMR) and Near-Zero Field Magnetic Resonance (NZFMR) spectroscopy. This work will discuss recent system developments, device developments, computational modeling, and spectroscopy results and analysis of defects created by non-metal implantations in SiC devices. The defect formation energies of V Si ,V C , V C V Si , N C V Si , N Si , N C in 4H-SiC are previously reported values in other research [2]-[3]. The defect formation energies of PSi and PC were calculated in GPAW [fig 1A]. The basic underlying mechanism of the zero-field phenomenon is the mixing of singlet and triplet states [4]-[5]. In most spin-dependent transport, two electron spins are involved, and thus one must consider each of their interactions with the field. We investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC. The defect formation energy helps us determine what types of defects we are observing in the SiC EDMR experiment. They have very low formation energy (it is negative). The phosphorus substitution in 4H-SiC is a very stable defect. The band diagrams provide us with vital information about how the electronic properties of SiC (such as band gap) change as we add non-metal defects. The zero-field splitting parameters allow us to study the inflection point in the NZFMR [fig 1B]. We clearly observed zero-field splitting. We also noted that the zero-field splitting remained constant with changing bias. We aspect it zero-field splitting to remain constant while the hyperfine and exchange interaction perturbations shift under the influence of an external magnetic field. This is the essence of quantum magnetometry and self-calibration.

space plasma↗

Pathway toward Optical Cycling and Laser Cooling of Functionalized Arenes

Rapid and repeated photon cycling has enabled precision metrology and the development of quantum information systems using atoms and simple molecules. Extending optical cycling to structurally complex molecules would provide new capabilities in these areas, as well as in ultracold chemistry. Increased molecular complexity, however, makes realizing closed optical transitions more difficult. Building on already established strong optical cycling of diatomic, linear triatomic, and symmetric top molecules, recent work has pointed the way to cycling of larger molecules, including phenoxides. The paradigm for these systems is an optical cycling center bonded to a molecular ligand. Theory has suggested that cycling may be extended to even larger ligands, like naphthalene, pyrene, and coronene. For this paper, we study optical excitation and fluorescent vibrational branching of CaO-[illus. chemical structure], SrO-[illus. chemical structure], and CaO-[illus. chemical structure] and find only weak decay to excited vibrational states, indicating a promising path to full quantum control and laser cooling of large arene-based molecules.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Electronic Structure of InAs and InSb Surfaces: Density Functional Theory and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

The electronic structure of surfaces plays a key role in the properties of quantum devices. However, surfaces are also the most challenging to simulate and engineer. Here, in this work, the electronic structure of InAs(001), InAs(111), and InSb(110) surfaces is studied using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Large-scale first principles simulations are enabled by using DFT calculations with a machine-learned Hubbard U correction [npj Comput. Mater. 6, 180 (2020)]. To facilitate direct comparison with ARPES results, a “bulk unfolding” scheme is implemented by projecting the calculated band structure of a supercell surface slab model onto the bulk primitive cell. For all three surfaces, a good agreement is found between DFT calculations and ARPES. For InAs(001), the simulations clarify the effect of the surface reconstruction. Different reconstructions are found to produce distinctive surface states, which may be detected by ARPES with low photon energies. For InAs(111) and InSb(110), the simulations help elucidate the effect of oxidation. Owing to larger charge transfer from As to O than from Sb to O, oxidation of InAs(111) leads to significant band bending and produces an electron pocket, whereas oxidation of InSb(110) does not. The combined theoretical and experimental results may inform the design of quantum devices based on InAs and InSb semiconductors, for example, topological qubits utilizing the Majorana zero modes.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Persistent radicals in irradiated imidazolium ionic liquids probed by EPR spectroscopy

Long-lived radicals were observed in irradiated room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) composed of the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion (Tf 2 N - ) with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium (hmim + ) and1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmim+) cations. The EPR signal intensity increases within hours and the spectral pattern changes during the time after irradiation. The kinetics data obtained indicate the existence of at least two distinct radical cations that have different formation and decay rates. We demonstrate that oxygen does not react rapidly with the radical species formed. The bmim + Tf 2 N - was selectively deuterated at various positions which allowed us to suggest possible structures of the stable radicals formed. The first structure is a radical cation containing 2 nitrogens and 6 protons all with ca. 8.2 Gauss hyperfine splittings, and 2 protons with 2.8 Gauss splitting. The structure of the second radical cation is similar, but characterized by an odd number of hydrogens with ca. 8.2 Gauss splitting. Extensive quantum chemistry calculations were performed to attempt to identify the structure of these persistent radicals. The most likely candidates are imidazole radical cations having methyl groups at the nitrogen atoms and substituents in the second position of the imidazole ring.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

Phonon Screening of Excitons in Atomically Thin Semiconductors

Atomically thin semiconductors, encompassing both 2D materials and quantum wells, exhibit a pronounced enhancement of excitonic effects due to geometric confinement. Consequently, these materials have become foundational platforms for the exploration and utilization of excitons. Recent ab initio studies have demonstrated that phonons can substantially screen electron-hole interactions in bulk semiconductors and strongly modify the properties of excitons. While excitonic properties of atomically thin semiconductors have been the subject of extensive theoretical investigations, the role of phonon screening on excitons in atomically thin structures remains unexplored. In this Letter, we demonstrate via ab initio GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations that phonon screening can have a significant impact on optical excitations in atomically thin semiconductors. We further show that the degree of phonon screening can be tuned by structural engineering. We focus on atomically thin GaN quantum wells embedded in AlN and identify specific phonons in the surrounding material, AlN, that dramatically alter the lowest-lying exciton in monolayer GaN via screening. Our studies provide new intuition beyond standard models into the interplay among structural properties, phonon characteristics, and exciton properties in atomically thin semiconductors, and have implications for future experiments.

2-dimensional systems↗

Designing silicon carbide heterostructures for quantum information science: challenges and opportunities

Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) can be synthesized in a number of different structural forms known as polytypes with a vast array of optically active point defects of interest for quantum information sciences. The ability to control and vary the polytypes during SiC synthesis may offer a powerful methodology for the formation of new material architectures that expand our ability to manipulate these defects, including extending coherence lifetimes and enhancing room temperature operation. Polytypic control during synthesis presents a significant challenge given the extreme conditions under which SiC is typically grown and the number of factors that can influence polytype selection. In situ monitoring of the synthesis process could significantly expand our ability to formulate novel polytype structures. In this perspective, we outline the state of the art and ongoing challenges for precision synthesis in SiC. We discuss available in situ x-ray characterization methods that will be instrumental in understanding the atomic scale growth of SiC and defect formation mechanisms. We highlight optimistic use cases for SiC heterostructures that will become possible with in situ polytypic control and end by discussing extended opportunities for integration of ultrahigh quality SiC materials with other semiconductor and quantum materials.

Harmon, K. J. (ORCID:0000000164277971)↗

Manipulating Cu vacancy in Yb triangular lattice Materials: Investigating the quantum disordered compound CuYbSe 2 and spin glass Cu 2.73 ⁢YbP 2

Yb-based triangular lattice materials have attracted significant attention due to their potential for hosting exotic magnetic quantum states. In this paper, we report the structural, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of two Yb triangular lattice compounds with vacancy disorder at nonmagnetic Cu sites: CuYbSe 2 and Cu 2.73 ⁢YbP 2 . Single-crystal x-ray diffraction determines notable Cu-site vacancies in both materials. Unlike a single Cu site with 0.5 occupancy in CuYbSe 2 , Cu 2.73 ⁢YbP 2 only presents 27% vacancies on one of three Cu sites. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between Yb 3+ ions. The effective magnetic moment is consistent with an effective spin-1/2 state of Yb 3+ . CuYbSe 2 exhibits strong magnetic anisotropy between in-plane and out-of-plane directions with the estimated exchange interactions 𝐽 𝑎 /𝑘 B = 6.48 K and 𝐽 𝑐 /𝑘 B = 2.55 K. No magnetic ordering is observed down to 0.4 K, supporting its quantum disordered ground state and candidacy as a quantum spin liquid. In contrast, Cu 2.73 ⁢YbP 2 shows clear evidence of spin freezing at 4.5 K in both magnetization and heat capacity data, indicating a spin glass state. The field-induced magnetic orders are found in CuYbSe 2 . These results highlight the critical role of structural vacancies in perturbing Yb-based triangular lattices. In conclusion, we demonstrate that while the intrinsic Yb triangular lattices are comparable, the presence of Cu vacancies can fundamentally alter the magnetic ground state—tuning the system between quantum disordered and spin glass behavior.

Frustrated magnetism↗