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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 955 records · Page 53
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Building the Future Nuclear Workforce Through Regional Partnerships - 17219

Industries across the United States of America are competing for highly skilled talent at a time when worker retirements are increasing and fewer students are pursuing science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) related fields of study. This specialized workforce is necessary for many industries, and it is essential for the processing and management of nuclear materials and operations of the nuclear security enterprise. Competition for STEM talent impacts the region that includes the Savannah River Site (SRS), a Department of Energy complex that is responsible for environmental stewardship, environmental cleanup, waste management and disposition of nuclear materials. SRS employs nearly 11,000 people and anticipates significant workforce attrition due to retirements over the next several years. In the SRS region, nuclear industry workers are also needed for the growing nuclear power industry as construction of four new nuclear power plants is taking place within an 80-mile radius of SRS. To address growing nuclear workforce needs in this region of Georgia and South Carolina, the SRS Community Reuse Organization (SRSCRO) established the Nuclear Workforce Initiative (NWI{sup R}) during 2009. Through NWI{sup R}, the SRSCRO has developed a network of partnerships with nuclear employers and regional educators to expand nuclear workforce development capabilities. Most notably, through NWI{sup R}, the SRSCRO established a partnership with five local colleges and universities and the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management. Together, they have produced significant results. Recently, the National Nuclear Security Administration joined the partnership to help build the future nuclear workforce that includes scientists and engineers, but also skilled technicians, production operators, welders, nuclear quality specialists and other highly skilled professionals prepared to work in a secure and procedure-oriented environment. This paper highlights results from a successful partnership between a non-profit organization, academic institutions and the United States Department of Energy designed to expand the nuclear industry talent pool. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2017

Marshall Space Flight Center Technology Capabilities for Use in Space Situational Awareness Activities

Marshall performs research, integrates information, matures technologies, and enhances science to bring together a diverse portfolio of products and services of interest for Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and Space Asset Management (SAM), all of which can be accessed through partnerships with Marshall. Integrated Space Situational Awareness and Asset Management (ISSAAM) is an initiative of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to improve space situational awareness and space asset management through technical innovation, collaboration, and cooperation with U.S. Government agencies and the global space community. Marshall Space Flight Center provides solutions for complex issues with in-depth capabilities, a broad range of experience, and expertise unique in the world, and all available in one convenient location. NASA has longstanding guidelines that are used to assess space objects. Specifically, Marshall Space Flight Center has the capabilities, facilities and expertise to address the challenges that space objects, such as near-Earth objects (NEO) or Orbital Debris pose. ISSAAM's three pronged approach brings together vital information and in-depth tools working simultaneously toward examining the complex problems encountered in space situational awareness. Marshall's role in managing, understanding and planning includes many projects grouped under each prong area: Database/Analyses/Visualization; Detection/Tracking/ Mitigation/Removal. These are not limited to those listed below.

Gagliano, Larry↗
NASA NTRS2019

Supply Chain Research and Analysis: Illuminating Risks in Complex Systems

Framing the strategic challenge posed by the interconnected, multitiered supply chains of mission projects managed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Discussing conditions and risks which can disrupt or threaten the availability, production and delivery of products and services for complex space systems. Utilizing a holistic analytical framework, business intelligence techniques, an integrated information system platform and analytics to produce insight into suppliers / supply chains and associated risks. Advancing supply chain risk management capabilities to support the successful performance of space missions.

supply chain risk management↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Adaptative Site Management for a 115 Acre Chlorinated Solvent Plume with Two Separate Source Areas at Kennedy Space Center, Florida

Background/Objectives. During Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation (RFI) activities, Geosyntec delineated a chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) plume at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) area located at KSC, Florida. The RFI activities identified an approximate 115-acre dissolved plume (primarily vinyl chloride) and a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in an active aerospace complex that is surrounded by sensitive wetland/waterbodies. Due to the size of the impacted area, the Corrective Measure Design included a multi-component strategy: (i) address the source area via bioremediation; (ii) protect sensitive wetlands from impacted groundwater discharge via biosparging; and (iii) Long Term Monitoring (LTM) of the remaining dissolved plume. After the Corrective Measures implementation (CMI), NASA and Geosyntec worked with Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to implement an adaptive site management for the complex, 115-acre site outside of the traditional RCRA process. The adaptive site management approach relied on performing supplemental assessments and implementing Interim Measures (IMs) to further assess and implement remedies over time while working within site and budget constraints, with an overall goal of achieving enough mass reduction to transition the entire site to LTM and eventually achieve site closure. Approach/Activities. After the biosparge barrier was operational and bioremediation within the source area (referred to as Hot Spot 1) achieved the Corrective Action Objective (CAO), supplemental assessment of the area between Hot Spot 1 and the biosparge barrier was performed. The conceptual site model was updated using the supplemental assessment results and an air sparge system IM was designed to treat an approximate 1.2 acre area (referred to as Hot Spot 2). After installation of the air sparge system, supplemental assessment within the remainder of the 115-acre dissolved plume was performed and a second TCE source area was identified. The TCE source area and associated areas with elevated CVOC concentrations (referred to as Hot Spot 3) were delineated and a bioremediation IM was implemented. Also, the downgradient impacts from Hot Spot 3 were adjacent to a sensitive waterbody, and negotiations with the FDEP allowed the area to be monitored using LTM. Results/Lessons Learned. The performance of supplemental assessment activities and implementation of remedial alternatives as IMs allowed NASA to successfully address groundwater impacts over time, while working within the FDEP regulatory framework. The implementation of the CMI and multiple IMs has achieved the following goals: (i) the biosparge barrier has mitigated the potential discharge of impacted groundwater to an adjacent wetland; (ii) enhanced bioremediation within Hot Spot 1 achieved the CAO within 2 years and transitioned the area into LTM; (iii) operation of an air sparge system within Hot Spot 2 removed TCE as a constituent of concern and contributed to a reduction (approximately 43%) in the impacted groundwater area outside the air sparge treatment area (plume collapse); and (iv) bioremediation within Hot Spot 3 removed approximately 80% of the CVOC mass and contributed to a reduction (approximately 47%) in the impacted groundwater area outside the bioremediation IM treatment area. Overall, the adaptive approach is protecting the sensitive water bodies surrounding the complex site and reducing the area of impacted groundwater, which is moving the entire site towards LTM.

Rebecca C Daprato↗
DOE OSTI2017

Multifaceted Modularity: A Key for Stepwise Building of Hierarchical Complexity in Actinide Metal–Organic Frameworks

Growing necessity for efficient nuclear waste management is a driving force for development of alternative architectures towards fundamental understanding of mechanisms involved in actinide integration inside extended structures. In this manuscript, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were investigated as a model system for engineering radionuclide containing materials through utilization of unprecedented MOF modularity, which cannot be replicated in any other type of materials. Through the implementation of recent synthetic advances in the MOF field, hierarchical complexity of An-materials were built stepwise, which was only feasible due to preparation of the first examples of actinide-based frameworks with “unsaturated” metal nodes. The first successful attempts of solid-state metathesis and metal node extension in An-MOFs are reported, and the results of the former approach revealed drastic differences in chemical behavior of extended structures versus molecular species. Successful utilization of MOF modularity also allowed us to structurally characterize the first example of bimetallic An-An nodes. To the best of our knowledge, through combination of solid-state metathesis, guest incorporation, and capping linker installation, we were able to achieve the highest Th wt% in mono- and bi-actinide frameworks with minimal structural density. Overall, combination of a multistep synthetic approach with homogeneous actinide distribution and moderate solvothermal conditions could make MOFs an exceptionally powerful tool to address fundamental questions responsible for chemical behavior of An-based extended structures, and therefore, shed light on possible optimization of nuclear waste administration.

Actinide↗
DOE OSTI2021

Programming Abstractions for Managing Workflows on Tiered Storage Systems

Scientific workflows in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments are processing large amounts of data. The storage hierarchy on HPC systems is getting deeper, driven by new technologies (NVRAMs, SSDs, etc.) There is a need for new programming abstractions that allow users to seamlessly manage data at the workflow level on multi-tiered storage systems, and provide optimal workflow performance and use of storage resources. In previous work, we introduced a software architecture Managing Data on Tiered Storage for Scientific Workflows (MaDaTS) that used a Virtual Data Space (VDS) abstraction to hide the complexities of the underlying storage system while allowing users to control data management strategies. In this article, we detail the data-centric programming abstractions that allow users to manage a workflow around its data on the storage layer. The programming abstractions simplify data management for scientific workflows on multi-tiered storage systems, without affecting workflow performance or storage capacity. We measure the overheads and effectiveness introduced by the programming abstractions of MaDaTS. Our results show that these abstractions can optimally use the storage capacity in lesser capacity storage tiers, and simplify data management without adding any performance overheads.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2017

GAIN Fuel Safety Research Workshop

The Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear (GAIN) Fuel Safety Research Workshop was held in Idaho Falls, Idaho, at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) meeting center in the Energy Innovation Laboratory (EIL). The purpose of the workshop was to gather fuel safety research needs from the broad range of industrial nuclear technology users and developers. The needs will be analyzed relative to the national laboratory capabilities to help inform program planning and funding. The workshop provided a forum to learn about transient testing from a research and regulatory perspective and tour participation of the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT), Advanced Test Reactor (ATR), and Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

Even Higher-Level Synthesis: An Exploration of AI Hardware Accelerators using HLS4ML

With the rise of artificial intelligence, the popularization of deep learning, and a constantly evolving industry, the demand for flexible and efficient tools has never been greater. As algorithms grow more complex, their runtime and energy consumption increase exponentially. Customized hardware accelerators, long used for specific mathematical operations, remain essential for managing modern applications' computational and power demands. Hardware accelerators can speed up complex computations by orders of magnitude, but their manual design and verification processes are often challenging and time-consuming. High-Level Synthesis (HLS) provides a solution by transforming high-level algorithm descriptions, typically written in C++ or SystemC, into synthesizable RTL suitable for hardware implementation. This approach reduces development time for RTL engineers while offering flexibility beyond what traditional handwritten RTL can provide. We extended this capability to the machine-learning domain with the open-source framework hls4ml, which allows neural networks trained in Python frameworks like Tensorflow or PyTorch to be synthesized into efficient hardware representations for the traditional FPGA and ASIC flows. This breakthrough addresses the growing need for reduced design turnaround and easy verification of ML hardware accelerators with low latency and power efficiency constraints. During this tutorial, we will demonstrate how Python complements HLS by simplifying the ML design process, bridging the gap between software and hardware development. Attendees will explore how we translate neural networks modeled in Python into fixed-point C++ models suitable for HLS workflows. We will dive into strategies like Value-Range Analysis and Quantization-Aware Training, which optimize these designs for deployment and evaluate their accuracy, power consumption, and energy efficiency. To exemplify these concepts, experts from Fermilab will share their experiences applying this technology to high-energy physics experiments, where real-time, low-latency processing is critical. Over the years, Fermilab engineers have demonstrated how deep neural networks, optimized for hardware using hls4ml, can meet the stringent requirements of trigger systems at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. These systems rely on rapid decision-making to process immense data volumes while retaining only the most relevant events for further analysis. The application of hls4ml has also been extended to innovative technologies like smart pixel arrays. These smart pixels integrate ML inference capabilities directly into sensor devices, enabling localized data processing at the pixel level. This approach drastically reduces the need to transmit raw data to external processing units, significantly decreasing power consumption and latency. By embedding neural networks within the pixel architecture, the smart pixels can identify and prioritize relevant data in real time, providing a highly efficient solution for edge computing in scenarios such as particle detectors and imaging systems. Fermilab's work highlights the potential of hardware-accelerated ML in scenarios where both speed and power efficiency are mission-critical. Through this tutorial, attendees will gain valuable insights into the challenges and solutions of deploying ML in hardware. Understanding how HLS and hls4ml streamline the development of neural network-based hardware accelerators is fundamental for the industry's future. Participants will learn how these technologies are shaping the future of AI and scientific computing.

Di Guglielmo, Giuseppe [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2016

Protecting the Columbia River through Removal and Packaging of Radioactive Sludge in Hanford's K Area - 16572

The Columbia River once provided power and cooling water to operations on the Hanford Site; today, more than a million people downstream from Hanford rely on the river for agriculture, fishing and recreation. The Department of Energy and contractor CH2M HILL Plateau Remediation Company (CH2M) is making significant progress in protecting that vital resource. Eight of nine reactors along the river have been cocooned and soil and groundwater remediation is successfully reducing the concentration of contaminants in groundwater. The 100-K area is the last area where significant work remains to protect the river. CH2M has accomplished much in the past ten years, including demolishing the K East reactor fuel storage basin in 2009. Prior to demolition of the basin, highly radioactive sludge from that basin was transferred into containers located in the nearby K West reactor fuel storage basin. Today, the K East reactor is in interim surveillance mode, and work is underway in the K West basin to remove the sludge, which is a mixture of tiny fuel corrosion particles, fuel rod and metal fragments and soil and sand less than 1/4-inch in diameter. CH2M has designed a sludge removal system that will safely and efficiently remove the sludge from the K West basin and deposit it into specially designed containers which will be relocated to a storage facility on Hanford's Central Plateau. Procurement, fabrication and delivery of the sludge removal system is underway, with extensive testing and training planned for 2016 and 2017 ahead of the goal of removing sludge from the river by September 30, 2018. This project must account for many technical and safety considerations that render the project very challenging. Several safety measures have been incorporated as a result of safety evaluations. This paper will describe the issues facing the project team in developing the safety basis requirements and incorporating them into the design of the process equipment and construction of the facility to house the repackaging operations. This paper will allow CH2M and DOE-RL to share lessons learned and progress to date with other complex and hazardous projects across the DOE complex. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Initial Exploration of STEReO (Scalable Traffic management for Emergency Response Operations) system user requirements for safe integration of small UAS

Environment-based disasters, such as wildfire, can cause substantial loss of life and loss of property and are costing billions of dollars annually. Existing disaster response operations are complex, with many challenges. The aim of the Scalable Traffic management for Emergency Response Operations (STEReO) system is to demonstrate the application of technologies that will enable small, low-altitude Unmanned Aerial System operations to safely take place in the airspace above a disaster event, increasing the effectiveness of the response. As a first step, the project aims to build a small prototype to demonstrate and test the core functions of this system based on user needs and requirements that were gathered from experts in the field during discussions and walkthroughs.

STEReO↗
NASA NTRS2019

High-Performance Spaceflight Computing (HPSC) Middleware Overview

High Performance Spacecraft Computing (HPSC) is a joint project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) to develop a high-performance multi-core radiation hardened flight processor. HPSC offers a new flight computing architecture to meet the needs of NASA missions through 2030 and beyond. Providing on the order of 100X the computational capacity of current flight processors for the same amount of power, the multicore architecture of the HPSC processor, or "Chiplet" provides unprecedented flexibility in a flight computing system by enabling the operating point to be set dynamically, trading among needs for computational performance, energy management and fault tolerance. The HPSC Chiplet is being developed by Boeing under contract to NASA, and is expected to provide prototypes in 2021. The HPSC Chiplet prototypes will be delivered with an evaluation board, system emulators, comprehensive system software, and a software development kit. In addition to the vendor deliverables, the AFRL is funding the development of a flexible Middleware to be developed by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The HPSC Middleware provides a suite of thirteen high level services to manage the compute, memory and I/O resources of this complex device.This presentation will provide an overview of the HPSC project, including a hardware overview, system software overview, Middleware overview, and mission use cases. The hardware overview will provide a look at the 8 core High Performance Processing Subsystem (HPPS), the Real Time Processing Subsystem (RTPS), the Chiplet Configuration Management Subsystem, on chip peripherals, and high speed I/O. The system software overview will introduce the boot loaders, operating systems, device drivers, and software development environment. The Middleware overview will provide insight into the high-level services that will be provided to help mission developers manage the many resources and configurations made possible with the Chiplet. Finally, the presentation will provide a brief look at the mission use cases that can be enabled with this next generation architecture.

middleware↗
DOE OSTI2019

Panel Session 92: Reducing Risk to Enable Endstates

This panel focuses on creative and first-of-a-kind initiatives and approaches to improve DoE's options for achieving success in managing its most difficult wastes. Looking across the Complex, panelists will provide updates to some of the solutions being applied to DoE's challenging waste streams on sites including Hanford, Idaho, Savannah River, and other sites. Presentations proposed include: 1 - Tank Closure Cesium Removal (Mark Keefer, Savannah River Remediation (USA)); 2 - Evolution of Saltstone Disposal Units (Kent Rosenberger, Savannah River Remediation (USA)); 3 - CRESP's Landfill Partnership: Applied Research to Solve Challenging Problems for On-Site Disposal Facilities (Craig Benson, University of Virginia - CRESP (USA)); 4 - Reducing Risk to Enable Endstates (Frederick Hughes, Fluor Idaho, LLC (USA))

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Site 300 Roadway Improvements - 834 Complex Soil Sampling and Analysis Plan

This Soil Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) was prepared by the Environmental Functional Area (EFA)/Technical Services Department (TSD) of the Environment, Safety & Health (ES&H) Directorate for the Project Management Office (PMO) for the proposed Roadway Improvements Project at the 834 Complex (project) (Figure 1). The purpose of the SAP is to describe the procedures for collection and analysis of environmental samples and evaluation of analytical data (chemical and radiological) to determine management options of excavated soil during project construction. This SAP follows criteria established in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) Soils Screening and Management Plan (SSMP) (LLNL 2022), which was formalized in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance for developing Data Quality Objectives for environmental data (EPA 2006) and the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) guidance (U.S. NRC, U.S. EPA, U.S. DOE, and U.S. DOD 2000). The scope of this SAP is based on preliminary design information provided by PMO.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Modeling the Resilience of Nuclear Power Plant for Unexpected Reactor Trip

Resilience can be defined as the intrinsic ability of a system to adjust to its functioning prior to, during, or following changes and disturbances, so that it can sustain required operations under both expected and unexpected conditions. Resilience engineering is a relatively new paradigm for safety management that focuses on how to cope with complexity under pressure or disturbance to achieve success. A resilient system combines inherent human abilities with engineered safety features and organizational features in a controlled and flexible manner both in expected and in unexpected situations. The concept of resilience has been suggested to complement conventional safety analyses. Conventional safety analysis methods such as PSA have several limitations: 1) they primarily focus on technical dimension, 2) the analysis are linear and sequential, 3) they are dominated by static models, 4) they do not take a systemic view into account, and 5) they focus primarily on why accidents happen and not how success is achieved. The concept of resilience provides a more integrated view for the safety analysis in safety-critical systems, e.g., nuclear power plants. The concept of resilience in the organization of NPPs has been highlighted since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. An IAEA report addresses that a resilient organization is one that quickly realizes deviation from normal operations and has the ability to make even the toughest and least popular decisions and to manage the margins in which it can maneuver. While traditional strategy to safety in NPPs is to identify what could go or has gone wrong, the concept of resilience is focused on what the organization does well and what it does to maintain its successful operation and to capitalize on those processes in the event of an unexpected situation. This study attempts to model the resilience of NPP dynamically, based on the operating experiences in Korean NPPs. First, this study revised the characterization of NPP. Then, a survey on the literature was conducted to identify the influences between the elements in the model of resilience in NPPs. These works provide a qualitative model for the resilience in NPPs. Then, this study reviewed 168 licensee events reports submitted to the Korean regulatory body since 2004 and quantified the relation between the attributes in the model by performing a Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, a few simulations using the System Dynamics were conducted to discuss which factors are most influencing the resilience. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Handling and Treatment of Sodium-Potassium Alloy (NaK) after the Loss of Key Personnel - 19002

In September 2010, during cleanup and removal efforts associated with a glovebox containing a sodium-potassium alloy (NaK) cooling system, a NaK reaction event occurred. Near the end of the evolution, which was at a Materials and Fuels Complex (MFC) research facility at the Idaho National Laboratory, a 2 to 3-ounce sample of NaK was being transferred from a metal can to a polyethylene bottle so it could be sent to the disposal outlet for verification analysis. During the transfer, a reaction of the NaK with ambient air was observed in both the metal can and sample container. The potential for a reaction was identified during the planning of this activity and mitigating steps were included in the procedures. In response, the two containers were flooded with argon, closed, and observed overnight. No additional reaction was noted. The sample container and metal can were packaged into a 10-gallon drum and transferred to a permitted storage location pending disposal. While the other containers generated from the deactivation and decommissioning activity were sent off-site for disposal, the 10-gal drum remained due to concerns by a staff specialist that the material could contain potassium superoxide (KO{sub 2}) as a result of the reaction event. The intent at that time was to treat the NaK in a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)-permitted treatment facility at MFC, instead of sending it off-site for disposal. The container was labeled, inspected, and managed as a hazardous waste. Due to the complexities associated with safely handling and treating NaK and KO{sub 2}, the container remained in storage. Treatment and disposal of the NaK and KO{sub 2} container was revisited in 2016, when researchers and chemists were consulted regarding the potential for superoxide formation and the best means to safely store and treat the container. The facility came to realize that due to the retirements of key personnel, it needed to provide current employees operational experience with the handling and treatment of NaK. An outside company was identified and contracted to provide training and consulting services. Several Battelle Energy Alliance, Inc. (BEA) personnel then attended an alkali metals safety training class. The training course provided participants with classroom and hands-on instruction associated with: - Hazards associated with handling and using sodium and NaK; - Proper personal protection equipment, spill control techniques, and first aid; - Common design approaches for buildings, systems, and equipment used to contain sodium and NaK; - What to expect in the event of a water reaction and how to respond; - How to properly prepare for a fire and contain/extinguish small metal fires; - A hands-on demonstration of NaK reaction and controls. Following the training, a procedure was developed to open the container, and inspect and treat the NaK. In June 2017, facility operations personnel successfully completed the inspection and treatment of the NaK drum, eliminating the legacy liability. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Mercury Remediation Technology Development for Lower East Fork Poplar Creek—FY 2017 Progress Report

Mercury (Hg) remediation is a high priority for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management, especially at and near the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) where historical Hg use has resulted in contaminated buildings, soils, and downstream surface waters. To address Hg contamination of East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC), DOE has adopted a phased, adaptive management approach to remediation, which includes Hg treatment actions at Y-12 in the short-term and research and technology development (TD) to evaluate longer-term solutions in the downstream environment (US Department of Energy 2014).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1987

Program risk analysis handbook

NASA regulations specify that formal risk analysis be performed on a program at each of several milestones. Program risk analysis is discussed as a systems analysis approach, an iterative process (identification, assessment, management), and a collection of techniques. These techniques, which range from extremely simple to complex network-based simulation, are described in this handbook in order to provide both analyst and manager with a guide for selection of the most appropriate technique. All program risk assessment techniques are shown to be based on elicitation and encoding of subjective probability estimates from the various area experts on a program. Techniques to encode the five most common distribution types are given. Then, a total of twelve distinct approaches to risk assessment are given. Steps involved, good and bad points, time involved, and degree of computer support needed are listed. Why risk analysis should be used by all NASA program managers is discussed. Tools available at NASA-MSFC are identified, along with commercially available software. Bibliography (150 entries) and a program risk analysis check-list are provided.

Batson, R. G.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Supply Chain Risk Management: Data Structuring

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is an area of research that addresses both logistics concepts to maximize efficiency, reliability, and revenue as well as risk features, such as potential weak points, break points, and vulnerabilities within the supply chain. SCRM is used to find risks introduced at each node in a supply chain and how these risks can impact a company’s products, individuals, customers, and reputation. SCRM is a relatively new field, so standardized processes including data structuring are not fully documented. This paper explains the importance of a standard data structuring methodology and how it can enhance current SCRM efforts. Data ingest, structuring, and analysis are predominantly managed by humans. Automating some of the less complex steps can positively impact SCRM by allowing human analysts to focus on more strategic analyses. Types of data to be collected and structured are collected via publicly available information related to hardware, software, and corporate entities. After the data has been collected, the information is formatted in a specific manner, conforming to a schema, to allow for more effective and efficient ingest for further analysis. This paper outlines data structures used by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for SCRM research and analysis purposes. These structures have been used for hundreds of analyses and have been successful in developing a common baseline. Data structuring is one of the first steps in data standardization, which will further mature and enhance the SCRM research area.

supply chain risk management, data structuring, re↗