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Results for “variational method”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 955 records · Page 53
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

LUNUS, Version 0.1a

LUNUS software for generating 3D maps of diffuse scattering from macromolecular X-ray crystallography diffraction images. A set of tools needed for advanced refinement of crystal structures and crystallographic charge density models. Includes tools for processing X--ray diffraction images, charge density maps, and structure factors for analysis of diffuse X-ray scattering and charge density variations in crystallography. Specific methods include: elementary algebraic operations on images and 3D lattices; fourier transform of images and 3D lattices; image processing to measure diffuse intensity; crystallographic refinement; and 3D integration of diffuse intensity.

Wall, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2024

Earth System Reanalysis in Support of Climate Model Improvements

Recent climate model developments, established through increased model resolution, have led to substantial improvements in model simulations of the time-evolving, coupled Earth system and its subcomponents. However, regardless of resolution, climate models will always produce climate features and variability that differ from the real world and will be prone to biases. This is due to many remaining uncertainties, such as in parametric and structural model uncertainty, in the initial conditions prescribed, and in the prescribed (scenario) forcing which varies on decadal to centennial timescales. Further model improvements are expected to arise specifically from improved representation of physical processes realized through model-data fusion. This will create an unprecedented opportunity to better exploit a large array of Earth observations, from in situ measurements to weather radars and satellite observations, as the resolved scales of the models approach those of the observations. For this, climate DA will be the central tool to bring models and observations into consistency, by improving initial conditions, inferring uncertain model parameters and structure, and quantifying uncertainty. Generally, there will be advantages and complementarities of adjoint-based smoother approaches, ensemble-based filter approaches, or new ML-inspired approaches. Yet, the ever-increasing model resolution will present growing challenges arising from computational cost, calling for new ways of performing data assimilation and model optimization. Using the complementarity in a hybrid approach, blending tools and concepts from variational, ensemble and ML methods might be what is required in the future. In this context ML could be important to handle non-linear responses, and to better approximate non-Gaussian distributions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Microstructural Engineering and Accelerated Test Method Development to Achieve Low Cost, High Performance Solutions for Hydrogen Storage and Delivery

This project made advancements in developing lower cost steel alloys with novel microstructural design for use in hydrogen refueling infrastructure such as storage, compressors, and dispensing components, and utilizing accelerated test methods to efficiently evaluate variations in alloy and microstructure design. The project specifically sought to design alloys with lower nickel contents to reduce alloy cost, which was accomplished through substituting manganese for nickel along with other alloy additions to control deformation characteristics known to be important for hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Through Mn substitutions for nickel, austenitic and duplex austenite-ferrite steels were successfully developed with lower cost than currently available commercial stainless steel products that are employed for hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The steels were processed to achieve comparable strength and toughness in hydrogen environments as the commercially available steels containing high Ni contents. To evaluate mechanical performance in hydrogen, a testing methodology was employed to compare ubiquitous laboratory testing using electrochemical hydrogen charging in a liquid electrolyte to less accessible high pressure gaseous testing. While the application of these steels is in high pressure gaseous environments, the electrochemical hydrogen charging tests produced comparable results. Additionally, the Los Alamos Neutron Scatting Center enabled characterization of deformation mechanisms of the steel alloys in the presence of hydrogen, which has been associated with steel alloy characteristics associated with hydrogen embrittlement. Finally, a fracture mechanics based test bed model was developed to predict the influence of hydrogen gas pressure and fatigue conditions on fatigue lifetimes of pressure vessel steels. Together, these developments can be employed to enable lower cost hydrogen fueling infrastructure and more reliable prediction of steel alloy components in hydrogen service conditions. In particular, the newly alloys have the potential to replace stainless steels, having demonstrated comparable performance at substantially reduced cost.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spatially-Explicit Prediction of Capacity Density Advances Geographic Characterization of Wind Power Technical Potential

Mounting interest in ambitious clean energy goals is exposing critical gaps in our understanding of onshore wind power potential. Conventional approaches to evaluating wind power technical potential at the national scale rely on coarse geographic representations of land area requirements for wind power. These methods overlook sizable spatial variation in real-world capacity densities (i.e., nameplate power capacity per unit area) and assume that potential installation densities are uniform across space. Here, we propose a data-driven approach to overcome persistent challenges in characterizing localized deployment potentials over broad extents. We use machine learning to develop predictive relationships between observed capacity densities and geospatial variables. The model is validated against a comprehensive data set of United States (U.S.) wind facilities and subjected to interrogation techniques to reveal that key explanatory features behind geographic variation of capacity density are related to wind resource as well as urban accessibility and forest cover. We demonstrate application of the model by producing a high-resolution (2 km × 2 km) national map of capacity density for use in technical potential assessments for the United States. Our findings illustrate that this methodology offers meaningful improvements in the characterization of spatial aspects of technical potential, which are increasingly critical to draw reliable and actionable planning and research insights from renewable energy scenarios.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1966

Nonlinear studies, optimal control

Attitude control for earth satellite in elliptic orbit, linearization in attitude control, and computation of optimal controls by method based on second variations

LINEARIZATION↗
NASA NTRS1968

Optimal control and stability

Relation between optimal control problem and Liapunov functions, and calculus of variations and maximum principle methods of solving synthesis problems

Letov, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Numerical calculation of boundary-induced interference in slotted or perforated wind tunnels including viscous effects in slots

A numerical method is presented for calculating the incompressible boundary-induced interference in wind tunnels of rectangular cross section with slotted or perforated walls. The method includes a wall representation which is capable of satisfying a generalized homogeneous boundary condition including the effects of viscosity within the slots. The effects of viscosity in the slots are found to be very significant. The method allows for a variation in the boundary conditions along the tunnel walls. The model can be any configuration and can be located anywhere in the test section. The interference can be computed at any point in the test section.

Keller, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Compressibility measurements of gases using externally heated pressure vessels.

Most of the data collected under conditions of high temperature and pressure have been determined using a thick-walled bomb of carefully measured and fixed volume which is externally heated by an electric furnace or a thermostatically controlled bath. There are numerous variations on the basic method depending on the pressure-temperature range of interest, and the particular gas or gas mixture being studied. The construction and calibration of the apparatus is discussed, giving attention to the pressure vessel, the volume of the bomb, the measurement of pressure, the control and measurement of temperature, and the measurement of the amount and composition of gas in the bomb.

Presnall, D. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Equatorial radius of the earth: A dynamical determination

An interesting variation on the familiar method of determining the earth's equatorial radius a sub e, from a knowledge of the earth's equatorial gravity is suggested. The value of equatorial radius thus found is 6378,142 + or - 5 meters. The associated parameters are GM = 3,986008 + or - 4 X 1014 cu cm/sec/sec which includes the relative mass of atmosphere approximately 0.000001 x GM, the equatorial gravity gamma sub e = 978,030.9 milligals (constrained in this solution by the Potsdam Correction of 13.67 milligals as the Potsdam Correction is more directly, or less indirectly, measurable than the equatorial gravity) and an ellipsoidal flattening of f = 1/298.255.

Khan, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Additional thermal fatigue data on nickel- and cobalt-base superalloys, part 1

The fluidized bed technique was used to measure the relative thermal fatigue resistance of twenty-one superalloys. Among the thirty-six variations of composition, solidification method, and surface protection the cycles to cracking differed by two to three orders of magnitude. Some alloys suffered serious weight losses and oxidation. Thermal fatigue data, oxidation, and dimensional changes are reported. The types of superalloys are identified.

Howes, M. A. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Additional thermal fatigue data on nickel and cobalt-base superalloys

The fluidized bed technique was used to measure the relative thermal fatigue resistance of 21 superalloys: B1900, B1900 DID, IN-100, MAR-M 200, Udimet 700 wrought and cast, NX-188, WAZ-20, TAZ-8A, M22, IN 713C, IN 738, IN 162, MAR-M 509, Rene 80, RBH, NASA VI A, TD-NiCr, MAR-M 302, WI-52, and X-40. IN-100, MAR-M 200, NX-188, WAZ-20 and TAZ-8A were also tested in the directionally solidified form. B1900, B1900 DID, IN-100, MAR-M200, Udimet 700, NX-188, WAZ-20 and TAZ-8A were tested with surface protection. Among the 36 variations of composition, solidification method, and surface protection the cycles to cracking differed by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. Some alloys suffered serious weight losses and oxidation. Previous fluidized bed thermal fatigue data on some of these alloys were reported in N71-10027. Thermal fatigue data, oxidation, and dimensional changes are reported in N73-30507. Metallographic and hardness data are given in this report.

Howes, M. A. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Parameter estimation supplement to the Mission Analysis Evaluation and Space Trajectory Operations program (MAESTRO)

This Parameter Estimation Supplement describes the PEST computer program and gives instructions for its use in determination of lunar gravitation field coefficients. PEST was developed for use in the RAE-B lunar orbiting mission as a means of lunar field recovery. The observations processed by PEST are short-arc osculating orbital elements. These observations are the end product of an orbit determination process obtained with another program. PEST's end product it a set of harmonic coefficients to be used in long-term prediction of the lunar orbit. PEST employs some novel techniques in its estimation process, notably a square batch estimator and linear variational equations in the orbital elements (both osculating and mean) for measurement sensitivities. The program's capabilities are described, and operating instructions and input/output examples are given. PEST utilizes MAESTRO routines for its trajectory propagation. PEST's program structure and subroutines which are not common to MAESTRO are described. Some of the theoretical background information for the estimation process, and a derivation of linear variational equations for the Method 7 elements are included.

Bjorkman, W. S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Furnace and support equipment for space processing

A core facility capable of performing a majority of materials processing experiments is discussed. Experiment classes are described, the needs peculiar to each experiment type are outlined, and projected facility requirements to perform the experiments are treated. Control equipment (automatic control) and variations of the Czochralski method for use in space are discussed.

Mazelsky, R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Apollo-Soyuz Doppler-tracking experiment MA-089

The Doppler tracking experiment was designed to test the feasibility of improved mapping of the earth's gravity field by the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking method and to observe variations in the electron density of the ionosphere between the two spacecraft. Data were taken between 1:01 and 14:37 GMT on July 24, 1975. Baseline data taken earlier, while the docking module was still attached to the command and service module, indicated that the equipment operated satisfactorily. The ionospheric data contained in the difference between the Doppler signals at the two frequencies are of excellent quality, resulting in valuable satellite-to-satellite observations, never made before, of wave phenomena in the ionosphere. The gravity data were corrupted by an unexpectedly high noise level of as-yet-undetermined origin, with periods greater than 150 seconds, that prevented unambiguous identification of gravity-anomaly signatures.

Weiffenbach, G. C.↗