Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Conference”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Super-Kamiokande [CETUP 2015: Workshop on dark matter, neutrino physics and astrophysics; PPC 2015: 9. international conference on interconnections between particle physics and cosmology]

The Super-Kamiokande experiment performs a large variety of studies, many of them in the neutrino sector. The archetypes are atmospheric neutrino (recently awarded with the Nobel prize for Mr. T. Kajita) and the solar neutrinos analyses. In these proceedings we report our latest results and present updates to indirect dark matter searches, our solar neutrino analysis and discuss the future upgrade of Super-Kamiokande by loading gadolinium into our ultra-pure water.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Contribution of the conferences of the parties and the renewable energy role for the fight against climate change

The Kyoto Protocol, which entered into force on 16 February 2005, commits developed countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases by 5% in 2012 compared to 1990. Due to the abstention of the United States and the absence of constraint on Southern countries, the protocol establishes obligations only to countries that represent only 33% of global CO{sub 2} emissions. All the diplomatic effort is therefore to seek the commitment of discussion for the period after 2012. The participation of the United States and emerging countries is imperative. The essential point of this second negotiation process is to search in the effort to integrate the United States and the developing countries and, more particularly, emerging economies such as China, India or Brazil, whose current emissions and / or projected should exceed those of developed countries during the first half of the twenty-first century. Real progress has been made in recent years. Indeed, a first universal historic agreement and legally binding was adopted after two weeks of intense negotiations by the Parties from 30 November to 12 December 2015, which aims to limit global warming by the end of this century well below 2 ° C while continuing efforts to not exceed 1.5 ° C. Moreover, the European Union, China and the United States have expressed their willingness to reduce their greenhouse gas. Because, one of the great hopes of the fight against the emission of greenhouse gases is the development of renewable energy, the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report highlights the need to move towards renewable energy sources. The European Union, China and United States also expressed their willingness to increase the share of renewable energy. It is therefore necessary to develop the only inexhaustible energy, renewable energy, to fight against climate change.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Antifungal symbiotic peptide NCR044 exhibits unique structure and multifaceted mechanisms of action that confer plant protection

In the indeterminate nodules of a model legume Medicago truncatula, ~700 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides with conserved cysteine signature are expressed. NCR peptides are highly diverse in sequence, and some of these cationic peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding their structural architecture, antifungal activity, and modes of action against plant fungal pathogens. Here, the three-dimensional NMR structure of the 36-amino acid NCR044 peptide was solved. This unique structure was largely disordered and highly dynamic with one four-residue α-helix and one three-residue antiparallel β-sheet stabilized by two disulfide bonds. NCR044 peptide also exhibited potent fungicidal activity against multiple plant fungal pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea and three Fusarium spp. It inhibited germination in quiescent spores of B. cinerea. In germlings, it breached the fungal plasma membrane and induced reactive oxygen species. It bound to multiple bioactive phosphoinositides in vitro. Time-lapse confocal and superresolution microscopy revealed strong fungal cell wall binding, penetration of the cell membrane at discrete foci, followed by gradual loss of turgor, subsequent accumulation in the cytoplasm, and elevated levels in nucleoli of germlings. Spray-applied NCR044 significantly reduced gray mold disease symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen B. cinerea in tomato and tobacco plants, and postharvest products. Our work illustrates the antifungal activity of a structurally unique NCR peptide against plant fungal pathogens and paves the way for future development of this class of peptides as a spray-on fungistat/fungicide.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

GHB analogs confer neuroprotection through specific interaction with the CaMKIIα hub domain

Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit (CaMKIIα) is a key neuronal signaling protein and an emerging drug target. The central hub domain regulates the activity of CaMKIIα by organizing the holoenzyme complex into functional oligomers, yet pharmacological modulation of the hub domain has never been demonstrated. Here, using a combination of photoaffinity labeling and chemical proteomics, we show that compounds related to the natural substance γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) bind selectively to CaMKIIα. By means of a 2.2-Å x-ray crystal structure of ligand-bound CaMKIIα hub, we reveal the molecular details of the binding site deep within the hub. Furthermore, we show that binding of GHB and related analogs to this site promotes concentration-dependent increases in hub thermal stability believed to alter holoenzyme functionality. Selectively under states of pathological CaMKIIα activation, hub ligands provide a significant and sustained neuroprotection, which is both time and dose dependent. This is demonstrated in neurons exposed to excitotoxicity and in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia with the selective GHB analog, HOCPCA (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid). Together, our results indicate a hitherto unknown mechanism for neuroprotection by a highly specific and unforeseen interaction between the CaMKIIα hub domain and small molecule brain-penetrant GHB analogs. This establishes GHB analogs as powerful tools for investigating CaMKII neuropharmacology in general and as potential therapeutic compounds for cerebral ischemia in particular.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Second Radio Synchrotron Background Workshop: Conference Summary and Report

We summarize the second radio synchrotron background workshop, which took place on 2022 June 15–17 in Barolo, Italy. This meeting was convened because available measurements of the diffuse radio zero level continue to suggest that it is several times higher than can be attributed to known Galactic and extragalactic sources and processes, rendering it the least well-understood electromagnetic background at present and a major outstanding question in astrophysics. The workshop agreed on the next priorities for investigations of this phenomenon, which include searching for evidence of the radio Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect, carrying out cross-correlation analyses of radio emission with other tracers, and supporting the completion of the 310 MHz absolutely calibrated sky map project.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Conference Report on the 7th International Symposium on Liquid metals Applications for fusion (ISLA-7)

Supported by the world magnetic fusion research community, a series of International Symposia on Liquid metals Applications for fusion (ISLA) have been held biannually since 2010. The 7th edition (ISLA-7) was held for the period from 12 December through 16 December 2022, at Chubu University located in Kasugai, Aichi, Japan. For the first time in the history of this series of symposia, ISLA-7 was held in a hybrid fashion, due to the COVID-19 situation. The total number of the participants was 60, 34 out of whom attended the symposium in person, and the rest participated online. As to the presentation statistics, 29 papers were presented in person, whereas 21 presentations were delivered online but real-time by the presenters in China, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Both of the presentations delivered in person and online were recorded, and the video has been shared by all participants. These participants represent 11 countries: China, Czech, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Netherlands, Russia, Thailand, the UK, and the USA. All these numbers are among the largest in this series of symposia. Covered by these presentations are; in session-2, program overviews and liquid metal research review; in session-3, liquid metal flows, and MHD issues; in session-4, liquid metal facilities; in sessions-5 and 6, liquid metal experiments and modeling; in session-7, divertor physics and heat flux mitigation; in session-8, plasma and liquid metals interactions; in session-9 liquid metal plasma-facing components, erosion, and wettability. In addition, there were an opening session whereby several opening addresses were delivered and also a closing session where all technical session summaries were presented by the respective session chairs.

divertor↗
DOE OSTI2025

Conference Report on the 8th International Symposium on Liquid Metals Applications for Fusion (ISLA-8)

The International Symposium on Liquid Metals Applications for Fusion (ISLA) aims to assemble scientists and engineers engaged in research on lithium and liquid metal applications for fusion devices, facilitating discussions on recent advancements and challenges in an open forum to support the development of viable fusion reactors. The 8th International Symposium on Liquid Metals Applications for Fusion (ISLA-8) was organized by the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from 8 to 12 September 2024, in Hefei, China. The symposium was attended by over 70 participants, marking one of the highest attendance figures in the series. A total of 68 presentations were delivered, including 59 presented on-site, while the remainder were conducted online. The participants represented 10 countries, namely China, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, the USA, the Czech Republic, Italy, Thailand, Spain, and Germany. The symposium covered 10 topics, structured into 13 sessions. Additionally, an opening session provided an overview of the current symposium, while a closing session summarized reports from each session chair.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Reporter genes confer new-to-nature ornamental traits in plants

Ornamental plants (trees, shrubs, and herbs) beautify our urban and rural environments, enrich the quality of human life, and represent a vital component of the horticultural industry. The introduction of novel plant varieties and cultivars is critical to the ornamental horticultural industry [1]. To develop ornamental plants with desirable traits, different approaches, such as ploidy manipulation, interspecific hybridization, and physical/chemical mutagenesis, have been used for decades [2, 3]. However, the breeding of new ornamental varieties of trees and shrubs is a time- and labor-consuming process, because these plants may have a long juvenile growth period, large physical size, or altered floral structures, and consequently require long-term observations, large areas for progeny testing, and/or special equipment for pollination and/or seed collection [4].

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Structures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrR-operator complexes reveal molecular mechanisms of DNA recognition and antibiotic resistance-conferring clinical mutations

Abstract Mutations within the mtrR gene are commonly found amongst multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which has been labelled a superbug by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These mutations appear to contribute to antibiotic resistance by interfering with the ability of MtrR to bind to and repress expression of its target genes, which include the mtrCDE multidrug efflux transporter genes and the rpoH oxidative stress response sigma factor gene. However, the DNA-recognition mechanism of MtrR and the consensus sequence within these operators to which MtrR binds has remained unknown. In this work, we report the crystal structures of MtrR bound to the mtrCDE and rpoH operators, which reveal a conserved, but degenerate, DNA consensus binding site 5′-MCRTRCRN4YGYAYGK-3′. We complement our structural data with a comprehensive mutational analysis of key MtrR-DNA contacts to reveal their importance for MtrR-DNA binding both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we model and generate common clinical mutations of MtrR to provide plausible biochemical explanations for the contribution of these mutations to multidrug resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. Collectively, our findings unveil key biological mechanisms underlying the global stress responses of N. gonorrhoeae.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Underground azelaic acid-conferred resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis

Local interactions between individual plant organs and diverse microorganisms can lead to whole plant immunity via the mobilization of defense signals. One such signal is the plastid lipid-derived oxylipin azelaic acid (AZA). Arabidopsis lacking AZI1 or EARLI1, related lipid transfer family proteins, exhibit reduced AZA transport among leaves and cannot mount systemic immunity. AZA has been detected in roots as well as leaves. Thus, the present study addresses the effects on plants of AZA application to roots. AZA, but not the structurally related suberic acid, inhibits root growth when directly in contact with roots. Treatment of roots with AZA also induces resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in aerial tissues. Additionally, these effects of AZA on root growth and disease resistance depend at least partially on AZI1 and EARLI1. AZI1 in roots localizes to plastids, similar to its known location in leaves. Interestingly, kinases previously shown to modify AZI1 in vitro, MPK3/6, are also needed for AZA-induced root growth inhibition and above ground immunity. Finally, [2H]-AZA applied to the roots does not move to aerial tissues. Therefore, AZA application to roots triggers systemic immunity through an AZI1/EARLI1/MPK3/MPK6-dependent pathway and AZA’s effects may involve an additional mobile signal(s).

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗