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At least 991 records · Page 55

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NASA NTRS1983

Determining compressor-inlet airflow in the compact multimission aircraft propulsion simulators in wind-tunnel applications

Test techniques are being developed to use the Compact Multimission Aircraft Propulsion Simulator (CMAPS) in wind-tunnel tests. The CMAPS allows simultaneous simulation of inlet and exhaust flow fields. Static tests have been conducted to acquire CMAPS performance data and to evaluate four methods of determining compressor inlet airflow during wind-tunnel tests. The first method measures airflow at the compressor face; the second measures airflow in the compressor discharge duct; the third deduces the compressor airflow from the calibrated nozzle, turbine supply, and turbine bleed airflows; and the fourth correlates compressor airflow with the mixer pressure. Test results and the advantages, disadvantages, and expected accuracy of each method are discussed.

Smith, S. C.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Analytical Study of Blowing Boundary-Layer Control for Subsonic V/STOL Inlets

The analytical methods used to study blowing boundary-layer control (BLC) for subsonic V/STOL inlets are described. The methods are then shown to give good agreement with experimental results, both with and without blowing BLC. Finally, because of this good agreement, the methods were used to determine analytically the optimum (minimum blowing power required) location and height for a blowing slot within a subsonic V/STOL inlet.

Hwang, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Aerodynamic effect of combustor inlet-air pressure on fuel jet atomization

Mean drop diameters were measured with a recently developed scanning radiometer in a study of the atomization of liquid jets injected cross stream in high velocity and high pressure airflows. At constant inlet air pressure, reciprocal mean drop diameter, was correlated with airflow mass velocity. Over a combustor inlet-air pressure range of 1 to 21 atmospheres, the ratio of orifice to mean drop diameter, D(O)/D(M), was correlated with the product of Weber and Reynolds number, WeRe, and with the molecular scale momentum transfer ratio of gravitational to inertial forces.

Ingebo, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Inlet flow distortion in turbomachinery - Comparison of theory and experiment in a transonic fan stage

Consideration is given to both velocity and temperature circumferential inlet distortions at upstream infinity (Seidel et al., 1980). The blade rows here are modeled as semiactuator disks, and losses and quasi-steady deviation angle correlations are included in the analysis. The governing equations are linearized, and the perturbations in stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature at upstream infinity are represented as Fourier series. The flow in the rotor is modeled as inviscid, one-dimensional, unsteady, and compressible. the flow is steady elsewhere. The deviation angles for the rotor and stator are taken to be functions of the relative inlet angle and Mach number, and use is made of the correlations contained in Johnson and Bullock (1965). It is assumed that the losses in relative stagnation pressure in the rotor and stator occur across the trailing edge. Boundary conditions applied at the various stations furnish the equations that make it possible to solve for the several quantities introduced in the linearization of the governing equations.

Seidel, B. S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

A flight study of tone radiation patterns generated by inlet rods in a small turbofan engine

This paper presents a flight study of tone radiation patterns from a small turbofan engine and compares results with similar static test stand data and a recently developed radiation theory. An interaction tone was produced by a circumferential array of inlet rods placed just upstream of the fan blades. Overhead and sideline flight directivity patterns showed cut-on of a dominant single mode occurred where predicted and the absence of any other significant circumferential or radial modes. In general, good agreement was found between measured flight and static data, with small differences being attributed to inlet geometry and/or forward speed effects. Good agreement was also obtained between flight data and theory for directivity pattern shape, however, the theory consistently predicted higher values for peak radiation angle over a wide range of frequency.

Preisser, J. S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Numerical simulation of a ramjet inlet flowfield in response to large amplitude combustor pressure oscillation

The unsteady flow of a two-dimensional ramjet inlet is studied numerically by solving the Navier-Stokes equation with a two-equation turbulence model. Unsteadiness is introduced by prescribing the pressure disturbance at the inlet exit plane. The case with a sinusoidal exit plane pressure fluctuation of 20 percent of the steady exit pressure is considered. The resulting flow field exhibits a complicated interaction between the terminal shock, separation pockets and core flow. The exit plane properties feature a non-linear response to the imposed sinusoidal pressure variation.

Hsieh, T.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Aerodynamic effect of combustor inlet-air pressure on fuel jet atomization

Mean drop diameters were measured with a recently developed scanning radiometer in a study of the atomization of liquid jets injected cross stream in high velocity and high pressure airflows. At constant inlet air pressure, reciprocal mean drop diameter was correlated with airflow mass velocity. Over a combustor inlet-air pressure range of 1 to 21 atmospheres, the ratio of orifice to mean drop diameter, D(O)/D(M), was correlated with the product of Weber and Reynolds number, WeRe, and with the molecular scale momentum transfer ratio of gravitational to inertial forces. Previously announced in STAR as N84-22910

Ingebo, R. D.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Effects of small-scale, high intensity inlet turbulence on flow in a two-dimensional diffuser

The flow through a 2D experimental diffuser with channel width 2.60 cm and divergence angle (2 theta) 9 or 20 deg is investigated experimentally for inlet Reynolds number 78,300 and velocity 43.9 m/s, with and without vertical rods to generate inlet turbulence in excess of the limits defined by Hoffmann (1981) and Hoffmann and Gonzales (1983). Measurements are obtained using a thermal wall-flow-direction probe and a single hot-wire velocity probe, and the results are presented graphically. Significant increases in the pressure-recovery coefficient of the diffuser (10 percent at 9 deg and 22 percent at 20 deg) are attributed to the action of turbulence to reduce distortion and delay separation, thus creating an altered flow condition with symmetrical velocity profiles.

Hoffmann, J. A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Analytical study of suction boundary layer control for subsonic V/STOL inlets

Analytical procedures used to evaluate the application of suction boundary-layer control (BLC) to subsonic V/STOL inlets are presented. These procedures have been used to analytically predict the optimum (minimum suction power required) location and extent for a suction slot of two different surface resistances within a subsonic V/STOL inlet. Results of this analytical study are presented.

Boles, M. A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Flight and wind-tunnel comparisons of the inlet-airframe interaction of the F-15 airplane

The design of inlets and nozzles and their interactions with the airplane which may account for a large percentage of the total drag of modern high performance aircraft is discussed. The inlet/airframe interactions program and the flight tests conducted is described. Inlet drag and lift data from a 7.5% wind-tunnel model are compared with data from an F-15 airplane with instrumentation to match the model. Pressure coefficient variations with variable cowl angles, capture ratios, examples of flow interactions and angles of attack are for Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 are presented.

Webb, L. D.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Low-speed aerodynamic test of an axisymmetric supersonic inlet with variable cowl slot

The experimental low-speed aerodynamic characteristics of an axisymmetric mixed-compression supersonic inlet with variable cowl slot are described. The model consisted of the NASA P-inlet centerbody and redesigned cowl with variable cowl slot powered by the JT8D single-stage fan simulator and driven by an air turbine. The model was tested in the NASA Lewis Research Center 9- by 15-foot low-speed tunnel at Mach numbers of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 over a range of flows, cowl slot openings, centerbody positions, and angles of attack. The variable cowl slot was effective in minimizing lip separation at high velocity ratios, showed good steady-state and dynamic distortion characteristics, and had good angle-of-attack tolerance.

Powell, A. G.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Analytical study of blowing boundary layer control for subsonic V/STOL inlets

The analytical methods used to study blowing boundary-layer control (BLC) for subsonic V/STOL inlets at the NASA Lewis Research Center are briefly described. The methods are then shown to give good agreement with experimental results, both with and without blowing BLC. Finally, because of this good agreement, the methods have been used to determine analytically the optimum (minimum blowing power required) location and height for a blowing slot within a subsonic V/STOL inlet. Results of this analytical study are presented.

Hwang, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Electro-impulse de-icing of a turbofan engine inlet

The application of electromagnetic impulse deicing (EIDI) systems to turbofan engine inlets on business aircraft has been investigated experimentally. The tests were performed in the Icing Research Tunnel at NASA's Lewis Research Center. The deicing system testbed was a Falcon Fanjet 20 engine nacelle. The effectiveness of various deicing coil configurations and mount designs were compared, and design parameters were developed specifically for EIDI systems in turbofan engines. Flight tests were also carried out at altitudes in the range 3000-6000 ft corresponding to a temperature range of -3 to -8 C. It is shown that the ice particles removed from the engine inlet by the deicing system were small enough for the engine to ingest. Tentative design specifications are given with respect to the optimum coil configuration, and operating power of a EIDI production candidate.

Zumwalt, G. W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Low-speed aerodynamic test of an axisymmetric supersonic inlet with variable cowl slot

Powell, A. G.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Summary of investigations of engine response to distorted inlet conditions

A survey is presented of experimental and analytical experience of the NASA Lewis Research Center in engine response to inlet temperature and pressure distortions. This includes a description of the hardware and techniques employed, and a summary of the highlights of experimental investigations and analytical modeling. Distortion devices successfully simulated inlet distortion, and knowledge was gained about compression system response to different types of distortion. A list of NASA research references is included.

Biesiadny, T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Response of a small-turboshaft-engine compression system to inlet temperature distortion

An experimental investigation was conducted into the response of a small-turboshaft-engine compression system to steady-state and transient inlet temperature distortions. Transient temperature ramps range from less than 100 K/sec to above 610 K/sec and generated instantaneous temperatures to 420 K above ambient. Steady-state temperature distortion levels were limited by the engine hardware temperature list. Simple analysis of the steady-state distortion data indicated that a particle separator at the engine inlet permitted higher levels of temperature distortion before onset of compressor surge than would be expected without the separator.

Biesiadny, T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Large perturbation flow field analysis and simulation for supersonic inlets

An analysis technique for simulation of supersonic mixed compression inlets with large flow field perturbations is presented. The approach is based upon a quasi-one-dimensional inviscid unsteady formulation which includes engineering models of unstart/restart, bleed, bypass, and geometry effects. Numerical solution of the governing time dependent equations of motion is accomplished through a shock capturing finite difference algorithm, of which five separate approaches are evaluated. Comparison with experimental supersonic wind tunnel data is presented to verify the present approach for a wide range of transient inlet flow conditions.

Varner, M. O.↗

NASA NTRS1985

PTA test bed aircraft engine inlet model test report, revised

The inlet duct test for the Propfan Testbed Assessment (PTA) program was completed in November 1984. The basic test duct was designed using the Lockheed QUADPAN computational code. Test objectives were to experimentally evaluate, modify as required, and eventually verify satisfactory performance as well as duct/engine compatibility. Measured total pressure recovery for the basic duct was 0.993 with no swirl and 0.989 for inflow with a 30 degree simulated swirl angle. This compared to a predicted recovery of 0.979 with no swirl. Measured circumferential distortion with swirl, based on a least-square curve fit of the data, was 0.204 compared to a maximum allowable value of 0.550. Other measured distortion parameters did as well or better relative to their respective maximum allowable values. The basic duct configuration with no refinements is recommended for the PTA inlet as a minimum cost installation.

Hancock, J. P.↗