Measurement of Differential Branching Fractions of Inclusive B → X u ℓ + ν ℓ Decays
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46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Search for the Lepton Flavor Violating Decays B + → K + τ ± ℓ ∓ ( ℓ = e , μ ) at Belle
We present a search for the lepton flavor violating decays B + → K + $\tau$ ± ℓ ∓ , with ℓ = (e,μ), using the full data sample of 772×10 6 B$\overline{B}$ pairs recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. We use events in which one B meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode. We find no evidence for B ± → K ± $\tau$ℓ decays and set upper limits on their branching fractions at the 90% confidence level in the (1 - 3) × 10 -5 range. The obtained limits are the world’s best results.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Comparison of unfolding methods using RooFitUnfold
In this study we describe RooFitUnfold, an extension of the RooFit statistical software package to treat unfolding problems, and which includes most of the unfolding methods that commonly used in particle physics. The package provides a common interface to these algorithms as well as common uniform methods to evaluate their performance in terms of bias, variance and coverage. In this paper we exploit this common interface of RooFitUnfold to compare the performance of unfolding with the Richardson–Lucy, Iterative Dynamically Stabilized, Tikhonov, Gaussian Process, bin-by-bin and inversion methods on several example problems.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Characterizing the Sample Selection for Supernova Cosmology
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are used as distance indicators to infer the cosmological parameters that specify the expansion history of the universe. Parameter inference depends on the criteria by which the analysis SN sample is selected. Only for the simplest selection criteria and population models can the likelihood be calculated analytically, otherwise it needs to be determined numerically, a process that inherently has error. Numerical errors in the likelihood lead to errors in parameter inference. This article presents toy examples where the distance modulus is inferred given a set of SNe at a single redshift. Parameter estimators and their uncertainties are calculated using Monte Carlo techniques. The relationship between the number of Monte Carlo realizations and numerical errors is presented. The procedure can be applied to more realistic models and used to determine the computational and data management requirements of the transient analysis pipeline.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Energy information systems (EIS): Technology costs, benefit, and best practice uses
Energy information systems are the web-based software, data acquisition hardware, and communication systems used to store, analyze, and display building energy data. They often include analysis methods such as baselining, benchmarking, load profiling, and energy anomaly detection. This report documents a large-scale assessment of energy information system (EIS) uses, costs, and energy benefits, based on a series of focused case study investigations that are synthesized into generalizable findings. The overall objective is to provide organizational decision makers with the information they need to make informed choices as to whether or not to invest in an EIS--a promising technology that can enable up to 20 percent site energy savings, quick payback, and persistent low-energy performance when implemented as part of best-practice energy management programs.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
A Hard X-ray Study of a Manganese-Terpyridine Dimer Catalyst in a Chromium-based Metal Organic Framework - Oral Presentation [Slides]
Cleaner forms of energy are needed, and H 2 produced from water splitting is a possible source. However, a robust catalyst is necessary to carry out the water oxidation reaction. Plants utilize Photosystem II to catalyze water oxidation as a part of photosynthesis, and many synthetic water oxidation catalysts use Photosystem II as a model. In this study, the catalyst of interest was [(terpy)Mn(μ-O)2Mn(terpy)]3+ (MnTD), which was synthesized in a chromium-based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) to avoid degradation of MnTD molecules. Hard X-ray powder diffraction was the primary method of analysis. The diffraction data was used to detect the presence of MOF in samples at different catalytic stages, and lattice parameters were assigned to the samples containing MOF. Fourier maps were constructed to determine the contents of the MOF as preliminary studies suggested that MnTD may not be present. Results showed that MOF is present before catalysis occurs, but disappears in the initial stages of catalysis. Changes in the MOF’s lattice parameters suggest attractive interactions between the MOF and catalyst; these interactions may lead to the observed MOF degradation. Fourier maps also reveal limited, if any, amounts of MnTD in the system. Molecular manganese oxide may be the source of the high rate of water oxidation catalysis in the studied system.
08 HYDROGEN↗
(U) Boundary Conditions for Ejecta Source Models with Stationary Velocity Distributions
We show that certain apparently universal features of the piezoelectric voltage traces measured in HE-driven tin coupon experiments [1, 2] constrain the functional form of any ejecta source model with a stationary velocity distribution. Building on an analytic formalism that has been extensively documented elsewhere [3, 4, 5, 6, 7], we derive simple expressions for V(t 0 a ), V'(t 0 a ), and the discontinuity in V(t break ) where t 0 a is the time of first ejecta arrival at the sensor and t break is the “depletion” time for the fastest particles arriving at the sensor. These three quantities appear to be zero, or nearly so, in the Vo- gan voltage data [1] (modulo noise and any smoothing effects created by the circuit); however, the predicted voltages for this general class of source models do not automatically achieve these conditions unless special boundary conditions are met. Source models which violate these boundary conditions will produce voltage predictions at odds with the measurements. The RMI+SSVD ejecta source model in its current formulation satisfies none of these boundary conditions, and therefore predictions from a stationary-velocity-distribution approximation to the RMI+SSVD source model deviate significantly from the voltage data. This analysis suggests straightforward methods for potentially improving the predictions of the RMI+SSVD ejecta source model. We test this with a simple adjustment to the SSVD and find, as anticipated, the adjustment corrects three properties of the voltage prediction. Furthermore, the adjusted model’s prediction for ejecta mass accumulation at the sensor exhibits a smoother and more gradual rise from the baseline than that produced by the original source model, thereby improving overall model/data agreement.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Domain Adaptation for Measurements of Strong Gravitational Lenses
Upcoming surveys are predicted to discover galaxy-scale strong lenses on the order of 10\textsuperscript{5}, making deep learning methods necessary in lensing data analysis. Currently, there is insufficient real lensing data to train deep learning algorithms, but the alternative of training only on simulated data results in poor performance on real data. Domain Adaptation may be able to bridge the gap between simulated and real datasets. We utilize domain adaptation for the estimation of Einstein radius ($\Theta_E$) in simulated galaxy-scale gravitational lensing images with different levels of observational realism. We evaluate two domain adaptation techniques - Domain Adversarial Neural Networks (DANN) and Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). We train on a source domain of simulated lenses and apply it to a target domain of lenses simulated to emulate noise conditions in the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We show that both domain adaptation techniques can significantly improve the model performance on the more complex target domain dataset. This work is the first application of domain adaptation for a regression task in strong lensing imaging analysis. Our results show the potential of using domain adaptation to perform analysis of future survey data with a deep neural network trained on simulated data.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
On Computation of Koopman Operator from Sparse Data
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to compute the Koopman operator from sparse time series data. In recent years there has a considerable interest in operator theoretic methods for data-driven analysis of dynamical systems and existing techniques for the approximation of the Koopman operator require rich enough data-sets. However, in many applications, the data set may not be rich enough to approximate the operators to acceptable limits. In this paper, using ideas from robust optimization, we propose an algorithm to compute the Koopman operator from sparse data. In particular, we enrich the sparse data set with artificial data points and use robust optimization techniques to obtain the transfer operator. We illustrate the efficiency of our proposed approach in three different dynamical systems, namely, a linear system, a nonlinear system and a dynamical system governed by a partial differential equation.
Sinha, Subhrajit↗
Visualizing Solution Structure at Solid-Liquid Interfaces using Three-Dimensional Fast Force Mapping
Amongst the challenges for a variety of research fields are the visualization of solid-liquid interfaces and understanding how they are affected by the solution conditions such as ion concentrations, pH, ligands, and trace additives, as well as the underlying crystallography and chemistry. Here, in this context, three-dimensional fast force mapping (3D FFM) has emerged as a promising tool for investigating solution structure at interfaces. This capability is based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and allows the direct visualization of interfacial regions in three spatial dimensions with sub-nanometer resolution. Here we provide a detailed description of the experimental protocol for acquiring 3D FFM data. The main considerations for optimizing the operating parameters depending on the sample and application are discussed. Moreover, the basic methods for data processing and analysis are discussed, including the transformation of the measured instrument observables into tip-sample force maps that can be linked to the local solution structure. Finally, we shed light on some of the outstanding questions related to 3D FFM data interpretation and how this technique can become a central tool in the repertoire of surface science.
Nakouzi, Elias↗
Characterizing and Improving the Data Reduction Pipeline for the Keck OSIRIS Integral Field Spectrograph
OSIRIS is a near-infrared (1.0–2.4 μm) integral field spectrograph operating behind the adaptive optics system at Keck Observatory and one of the first lenslet-based integral field spectrographs. Since its commissioning in 2005, it has been a productive instrument, producing nearly half the laser guide star adaptive optics papers on Keck. The complexity of its raw data format necessitated a custom data reduction pipeline (DRP) delivered with the instrument in order to iteratively assign flux in overlapping spectra to the proper spatial and spectral locations in a data cube. Other than bug fixes and updates required for hardware upgrades, the bulk of the DRP has not been updated since initial instrument commissioning. We report on the first major comprehensive characterization of the DRP using on-sky and calibration data. We also detail improvements to the DRP, including characterization of the flux assignment algorithm, exploration of spatial rippling in the reduced data cubes, and improvements to several calibration files, including the rectification matrix, bad-pixel mask, and wavelength solution. We present lessons learned from over a decade of OSIRIS data reduction that are relevant to the next generation of integral field spectrograph hardware and data reduction software design.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Pyrotechnic shock analysis and testing methods
Statistical analysis of pyrotechnic shock data from Ranger and Mariner test programs
MARINER PROGRAM↗
The analysis of Gemini 7 EEG data by three different computer oriented methods
The problem in assessment of electroencephalograms has been the subject element in visual evaluations of such records as well as the need for extensive training (2 or 3 years) before suitable candidate is capable to perform this task. There have been variety of computer type analyses of EEG during the past ten years or more, and we are still searching for a reliable, inexpensive, online data processing procedure for this task. We are aware our Soviet colleagues are routinely using computer assessment of EEGs, using relatively inexpensive hardware. In our report we endeavor to show how four different assessment procedures (visual assessment, zero crossing technique, smoothing and peak counting technique, and Weibull Statistic) may be utilized, and indicate the advantages and disadvantages peculiar to each. We wish to point out that in the Gemini 7 EEG analog records supplied to the Henry Ford Hospital, Channel II (mid-line central to mid-line occipital electrodes) could not be assessed reliably after approximately 26 hours of flight. Channel I (left central to left occipital electrodes) provided the more assessable EEG up to approximately 54 hours of flight. These channels were compared during the first 26 hours of flight, and no significant difference was found by our various assessment procedures. We, therefore, have limited this report to the findings on the analyses of Channel I during its approximate 54 hours of flight.
Proctor, L. D.↗
Using radar imagery for drop discrimination - A statistical and conditional probability study
Radar imagery for crop discrimination, discussing sensor and data requirements and statistical analysis methods
Caspall, F.↗
The challenge to unify treatment of high-temperature fatigue - A partisan proposal based on strainrange partitioning
The strainrange partitioning concept divides the imposed strain into four basic ranges involving time-dependent and time-independent components. It is shown that some of the results presented at the symposium can be better correlated on the basis of this concept than by alternative methods. It is also suggested that methods of data generation and analysis can be helpfully guided by this approach. Potential applicability of the concept to the treatment of frequency and hold-time effects, environmental influence, crack initiation and growth, thermal fatigue, and code specifications are briefly considered. A required experimental program is outlined.
Manson, S. S.↗
The challenge to unify treatment of high-temperature fatigue - A partisan proposal based on strainrange partitioning.
The strainrange partitioning concept divides the imposed strain into four basic ranges involving time-dependent and time-independent components. It is shown that some of the results presented at the Symposium can be better correlated on the basis of this concept than by alternative methods. It is also suggested that methods of data generation and analysis can be helpfully guided by this approach. Potential applicability of the concept to the treatment of frequency and hold-time effects, environmental influence, crack initiation and growth, thermal fatigue, and code specifications are then briefly considered. A required experimental program is outlined.
Manson, S. S.↗
Regional agriculture surveys using ERTS-1 data
The Center for Remote Sensing Research has conducted studies designed to evaluate the potential application of ERTS data in performing agricultural inventories, and to develop efficient methods of data handling and analysis useful in the operational context for performing large area surveys. This work has resulted in the development of an integrated system utilizing both human and computer analysis of ground, aerial, and space imagery, which has been shown to be very efficient for regional crop acreage inventories. The technique involves: (1) the delineation of ERTS images into relatively homogeneous strata by human interpreters, (2) the point-by-point classification of the area within each strata on the basis of crop type using a human/machine interactive digital image processing system; and (3) a multistage sampling procedure for the collection of supporting aerial and ground data used in the adjustment and verification of the classification results.
Draeger, W. C.↗
Prediction and verification of creep behavior in metallic materials and components for the space shuttle thermal protection system. Volume 3, phase 3: Full size heat shield data correlation and design criteria
Analysis methods for predicting cyclic creep deflection in stiffened metal panel structures, were applied to full size panels. Results were compared with measured deflections from cyclic tests of thin gage L605, Rene' 41, and TDNiCr full size corrugation stiffened panels. A design criteria was then formulated for metallic thermal protection panels subjected to creep. A computer program was developed to calculate creep deflections.
Cramer, B. A.↗