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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2021

Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Path to Sustainable Aviation Fuel

A variety of technologies are currently under development for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and one of the most promising technologies is the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of low-cost waste feedstocks. Organizations across the globe are conducting research and development on HTL technology at scales varying from the laboratory to demonstrations focused on various aspects of technology development. The identification of more advanced and sustainable solutions to maximize the fuel yield while optimizing fuel properties and achieving cost parity with conventional fuels is the major focus in developing HTL technology. This workshop on the application of HTL to produce SAF, coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), was held virtually on November 17–19, 2020. A broad spectrum of experts from industry, academia, national laboratories, and government from across the globe participated in the workshop, contributing their ideas, insights, and perspectives. A series of keynote presentations, plenary presentations, and breakout sessions provided an interdisciplinary framework for sharing information and building collaboration. This document provides an overview of the content discussed in the presentations as well as the breakout session discussion. Diverse stakeholder perspectives were gathered, and this wealth of information collectively provides an update on the current state of the field and identifies the key research opportunities.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Charting a Path for Research and Development of Reliability and Resilience in South Asia's Power Sector

The power sector in South Asia faces several trends with the potential to impact its reliability and resilience. Rapidly increasing demand, coupled with an increasing reliance on variable renewable resources and the circular linkages with climate change points to an increasing need to understand the extent of climate impacts on both the electricity load and the electricity generation. These larger shifts are also coupled with opportunities near the grid edge that could have a large impact on system planning and operations, such as electrification of the transport sector, increased reliance on buildings to serve a broader set of loads and be flexible resources for utilities, more efficient use of industrial and agricultural loads, and growth in distributed energy resources such as rooftop solar and batteries. It is critical that as this transformation takes place that expectations for reliability and resilience of the grid continue to increase in the region. The South Asia Group for Energy (SAGE), composed of USAID, the US Department of Energy, and three national laboratories, has been tasked with providing an overview of the research and development resources necessary to understand the upcoming challenges for the power system as it pertains to reliability and resilience. This discussion paper identifies some of the key trends and connections that are important for power sector reliability and resilience and provides a starting point for eliciting feedback from power sector stakeholders about their experiences and needs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantum-Accurate Multiscale Modeling of Shock Hugoniots, Ramp Compression Paths, Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions, and Transport Properties in Highly Compressed Metals

Fully characterizing high energy density (HED) phenomena using pulsed power facilities (Z machine) and coherent light sources is possible only with complementary numerical modeling for design, diagnostic development, and data interpretation. The exercise of creating numerical tests, that match experimental conditions, builds critical insight that is crucial for the development of a strong fundamental understanding of the physics behind HED phenomena and for the design of next generation pulsed power facilities. The persistence of electron correlation in HED materials arising from Coulomb interactions and the Pauli exclusion principle is one of the greatest challenges for accurate numerical modeling and has hitherto impeded our ability to model HED phenomena across multiple length and time scales at sufficient accuracy. An exemplar is a ferromagnetic material like iron, while familiar and widely used, we lack a simulation capability to characterize the interplay of structure and magnetic effects that govern material strength, kinetics of phase transitions and other transport properties. Herein we construct and demonstrate the Molecular-Spin Dynamics (MSD) simulation capability for iron from ambient to earth core conditions, all software advances are open source and presently available for broad usage. These methods are multi-scale in nature, direct comparisons between high fidelity density functional theory (DFT) and linear-scaling MSD simulations is done throughout this work, with advancements made to MSD allowing for electronic structure changes being reflected in classical dynamics. Main takeaways for the project include insight into the role of magnetic spins on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, development of accurate interatomic potentials paired with spin Hamiltonians, and characterization of the high pressure melt boundary that is of critical importance to planetary modeling efforts.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗