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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Commercial Building Sensors and Controls Systems: Barriers and Drivers: Preprint

Building sensors and controls systems, including building automation systems, comprise the sensor-based devices installed in buildings as well as the control and automation of those devices. Optimized sensors and controls systems could lead to 29% annual energy savings in commercial buildings and are integral to the growth of grid-interactive efficient buildings. Only 13% of small commercial buildings, however, have installed sensors and controls systems, largely because of cost barriers. To accelerate adoption, this work seeks to increase the transparency of system costs and identify specific barriers and drivers. To gather industry insights, the team reached out to building owners, vendors, and contractors and conducted 21 interviews with the goal of collecting cost data and market characteristics regarding building sensors and controls. We collected the cost data in the form of invoices and used it to develop a percentage-based cost category breakdown. The interview data were analyzed using grounded theory to identify overarching concepts such as barriers, drivers, and future directions. From this analysis, we found the primary barriers to be complex and confusing systems, lack of user skills, and financial concerns, and the primary drivers to be operational benefits, insight into operations, and remote access to data. The future directions analysis highlighted the potential technological solutions to address gaps and barriers, as well as predicted drivers to increase adoption. This greater understanding of the costs, barriers, and drivers associated with commercial building sensors and controls systems lays the groundwork for increasing system adoption, reducing energy consumption, and transforming the market.

building automation system↗
NASA NTRS2012

InP HEMT Integrated Circuits for Submillimeter Wave Radiometers in Earth Remote Sensing

The operating frequency of InP integrated circuits has pushed well into the Submillimeter Wave frequency band, with amplification reported as high as 670 GHz. This paper provides an overview of current performance and potential application of InP HEMT to Submillimeter Wave radiometers for earth remote sensing.

High electron mobility transistor (HEMT)↗
NASA NTRS1975

Remote sensing utility in a disaster struck urban environment

Standard operating procedures, utilizing remote sensing, are outlined for public health assistance during natural disaster relief operations. A manual to aid decision making for public health authorities is included. Flow charts which show the procedures that need to be implemented during a natural disaster are also included. Emphasis is placed on a preventive approach to the effects of disasters, and specifically to post-disaster problems that relate to public health concerns during the emergency phase of relief.

Rush, M.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Advanced dismantling techniques applied in an industrial project for the dismantling of highly activated equipment - 15446

Commissioned in 1958 on the CEA nuclear site of Marcoule (France) and shut down in 1997, the former UP1 plant was dedicated to reprocess the spent fuel from G1, G2 and G3 GCR reactors. Since 1998, a wide program for cleaning-up and dismantling the plant has been developed in order to dismantle the process equipment, eliminate any radiological risk in all buildings concerned and remove all the resulting waste. Major technical challenges are related to the wide range of complex components and equipment in the facilities such as chemical dissolvers, extractor batteries, evaporators, tanks; and to a high risk of exposure, due to the presence of fission products. To address these challenges, CEA led R and D programs to develop advanced tools for complex dismantling projects: immersive virtual reality, laser cutting techniques, special remote-controlled arms combining dexterity and high resistance to irradiation The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a practical implementation and to show first results of these advanced techniques on a real case: the dismantling of dissolver's equipment from the dissolution workshop of UP1 plant. ONET Technologies has been chosen by CEA to design, build and operate the overall dismantling and waste treatment system for this project. ONET Technologies designed two main subsystems to meet all the requirements for this project: first, the 'Remotely-Operated Handling and Cutting Unit' and second the 'Waste Extraction and Conditioning Unit' and the combining innovative technologies. During the design phase, the 'Immersive Virtual Reality' has been used to qualify the kinematics in the final environment and the preliminary dismantling scenario. Following a first R and D program of CEA regarding the laser cutting technique applied to nuclear decommissioning, ONET Technologies and CEA realized elementary inactive tests based on a 6 kW Nd-Yag laser source to qualify the cutting performance according to material and thickness. Main objective was to meet the safety criteria and to check the physical characteristics of waste resulting from the laser cutting operation. The Remotely-Operated Handling and Cutting Unit was equipped with a MAESTRO manipulator, resulting from ten years of research and development cooperation between CEA and Cybernetix. This manipulator, a 6 axis hydraulic manipulator-arm specifically designed to work in harsh environment, entered in its industrial phase. ONET Technologies was responsible for the overall system integration, confinement and performance. A comprehensive qualification program in real conditions has been driven during 2014. The dismantling scenario was tested with a mockup at a full scale of dissolver equipment and confirmed at this stage the expected level of performance and safety. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1984

The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System and its use in orbital operations

It is pointed out that the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS) is a key element in the Space Transportation System's ability to deploy, retrieve, and handle payloads in space. In addition, the RMS has the capability of performing other critical tasks such as inspection, construction, and satellite servicing. The present investigation is concerned with various end of arm tool concepts which could augment the RMS's capability enabling it to perform functions such as pushing/holding (applying pressure), prying, clamping (nonimpulse release) and shearing. Attention is also given to a tool for satellite servicing, a method for augmenting the operator's 'feel' for the job by force/moment sensing, and a possible four phase program for implementation of the tool system. A description is given of the key elements of RMS flight testing carried out to date.

Sachdev, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Remote sensing by satellite - Technical and operational implications for international cooperation

International cooperation in the U.S. Space Program is discussed and related to the NASA program for remote sensing of the earth. Satellite remote sensing techniques are considered along with the selection of the best sensors and wavelength bands. The technology of remote sensing satellites is considered with emphasis on the Landsat system configuration. Future aspects of remote sensing satellites are considered.

Doyle, S. E.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

m:N ConOps/R&R Remote Simulation

This presentation details the experimental design of an investigation of small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) operations involving multiple vehicle management by a remote operator. The study is part of an ongoing effort to explore multiple vehicle control by multiple operators, i.e., the control of N vehicles by m operators (m:N operations). For this effort, NASA and collaborators have developed prototypes of a concept of operations (ConOps), roles and responsibilities (R&R) for operators and supervisors, and a ground control station (GCS), including software displays and interfaces. Participants in this study acted as the pilot-in-command of twelve aircraft flying pre-approved routes in a simulation of a food delivery operation utilizing sUAS in the San Diego, CA area. Each participant experienced four experimental trials. Twice within the course of each trial, participants were responsible for responding to a sudden, unanticipated, and high-priority contingency: an airspace restriction for sUAS operations known as a UAS Volume Reservation (UVR). Upon issuance of a UVR, pilots were expected to reroute affected vehicles around the airspace. The level of automation (LoA) and workload of the flight rerouting task were varied. The LoA was manipulated by providing reroute suggestions ("auto" condition) for aircraft or by requiring pilots to manually reroute ("manual" condition) affected vehicles. Workload was varied as a function of the number of vehicles affected by the UVR contingencies: 2 vehicles ("low workload" condition) versus 4 vehicles ("high workload" condition). Additionally, some vehicles required pilots to adjust for terrain conflicts while avoiding the UVR region. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person data collection for this study was not possible. Researchers adapted to this circumstance through the development of remote data collection protocol. Participants were able to view adapted GCS displays using the Microsoft Teams teleconferencing platform and responded to events by using a verbal protocol developed for the experiment. Using this protocol, participants provided instructions for actions to a researcher, referred to as the surrogate, to carry out on their behalf. This presentation describes the experiment design, including special details for remote data collection via a subject-surrogate configuration, and concludes with planned data analysis and results to be presented at a later date.

multi-UAS↗
NASA NTRS1980

Computer aided manipulator control

This paper describes the hardware and software system of a dedicated mini- and microcomputer network developed at the JPL teleoperator project to aid the operator in real-time control of remote manipulators. The operator can be in series or in parallel with the control computer during operation. The purpose of the project is to develop, demonstrate and evaluate advanced supervisory control concepts and techniques for space applications. The paper concludes with a brief outline of future development plans and issues.

Bejczy, A. K.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Microwave remote sensing experiment

Operation of the microwave instrument as a two frequency scatterometer, a synthetic aperture radar, and a passive microwave radiometer is planned. Operation of the instrument in each of its three modes is discussed and the antenna system described.

Dieterle, G.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Inventory behavior at remote sites

An operations research study was conducted concerning inventory behavior on the space station. Historical data from the Space Shuttle was used. The results demonstrated a high logistics burden if Space Shuttle reliability technology were to be applied without modification to space station design (which it was not). Effects of rapid resupply and on board repair capabilities on inventory behavior were investigated.

Lewis, William C., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Testing, Calibration, and UxS Integration of the Kromek GR1 Plus CZT Gamma Spectrometer

Collecting radiation measurements can be a hazardous task, especially in the presence of highly active sources. Various scenarios necessitate source search, classification, and quantification, often with limited or no a priori information. Activities such as disaster mitigation, emergency response, environmental monitoring, and site remediation may involve dangerous radioactive sources. In these situations, there is a pressing need for remote monitoring capabilities that protect human operators from potential harm and enhance adherence to the principle of “As Low as Reasonably Achievable” (ALARA) for radiation doses. The first step toward achieving remote radiation measurement capabilities is the remote operation of a radiation sensor. Once this milestone is reached, the next challenge is to integrate this remote sensing capability into suitable actuation agents, collectively referred to as uncrewed systems (UxS). These systems include familiar platforms such as robotic quadrupeds, aerial multirotor vehicles, and ground vehicles, any of which may be teleoperated, act autonomously, or utilize a combination of both. A critical factor in achieving remote radiation sensing is the availability of data from the appropriate sensor. Many commercially available radiation sensors have closed-source documentation for their communication protocols. Typical end-user products are often self-contained, handheld devices designed for manual measurement scenarios. While there are commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) integrations of radiation sensors with UxS available for purchase, these solutions are typically tailored for specific use cases and may not meet the requirements of different applications. This paper discusses efforts to remotely acquire radiation measurements from a small form-factor CZT gamma spectrometer. Sandia National Laboratories has successfully demonstrated the initial capability to integrate low size, weight, and power (SWaP) gamma spectroscopy into various UxS, alongside co-located GPS data logging and sensor calibration and qualification. With remote gamma spectroscopy achieved, the stage is set for UxS integration of this capability.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1976

Application of remote sensing to state and regional problems

Mississippi State University was awarded a grant by NASA to effect remote sensing technology transfer in Mississippi and the Mid-South region and to demonstrate the operational uses of remoting sensing in providing the basic data and information necessary to solve problems of state and regional nature. Thus, the primary purpose of the Remote Sensing Applications Program at Mississippi State University is for members of the University community to participate in activities that improve effective communication between the scientific community engaged in remote sensing research and development, and the potential users of modern remote sensing technology. The state-of-the-art remote sensing capability is significantly beyond the present-day applications of the potential user group. The program services to accelerate the operational use of proven remote sensing technology which will help to insure reasonable pay-off from the better usage of space, high altitude, and other remote sensing products evolved by the NASA program. Outputs of this program are assisting the State of Mississippi in recognizing and solving its environmental resource planning, and socio-economic sensing system.

W Frank Miller↗
NASA NTRS2000

Continuous Water Vapor Profiles from Operational Ground-Based Active and Passive Remote Sensors

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site central facility near Lamont, Oklahoma, offers unique operational water vapor profiling capabilities, including active and passive remote sensors as well as traditional in situ radiosonde measurements. Remote sensing technologies include an automated Raman lidar and an automated Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), which are able to retrieve water vapor profiles operationally through the lower troposphere throughout the diurnal cycle. Comparisons of these two water vapor remote sensing methods to each other and to radiosondes over an 8-month period are presented and discussed, highlighting the accuracy and limitations of each method. Additionally, the AERI is able to retrieve profiles of temperature while the Raman lidar is able to retrieve aerosol extinction profiles operationally. These data, coupled with hourly wind profiles from a 915-MHz wind profiler, provide complete specification of the state of the atmosphere in noncloudy skies. Several case studies illustrate the utility of these high temporal resolution measurements in the characterization of mesoscale features within a 3-day time period in which passage of a dryline, warm air advection, and cold front occurred.

Turner, D. D.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Cleanup and Dismantling of Highly Contaminated Ventilation Systems Using Robotic Tools - 13162

The UP1 plant reprocessed nearly 20,000 tons of used natural uranium gas cooled reactor fuel coming from the first generation of civil nuclear reactors in France. Following operating incidents in the eighties, the ventilation system of the continuous dissolution line facility was shut down and replaced. Two types of remote controlled tool carriers were developed to perform the decontamination and dismantling operations of the highly contaminated ventilation duct network. The first one, a dedicated small robot, was designed from scratch to retrieve a thick powder deposit within a duct. The robot, managed and confined by two dedicated glove boxes, was equipped for intervention inside the ventilation duct and used for carrying various cleanup and inspection tools. The second type, consisting of robotic tools developed on the base of an industrial platform, was used for the clean-up and dismantling of the ventilation duct system. Depending on the type of work to be performed, on the shape constraints of the rooms and any equipment to be dismantled, different kinds of robotic tools were developed and installed on a Brokk 40 carrier. After more than ten years of ventilation duct D and D operations at the UP1 plant, a lot of experience was acquired about remote operations. The three main important lessons learned in terms of remote controlled operation are: characterizing the initial conditions as much as reasonably possible, performing non-radioactive full scale testing and making it as simple and modular as possible. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1989

Video Alignment System For Remote Manipulator

Crosshairs and mirror provide angular references. Video system enables operator to align remote manipulator with objects grasped. System does not rely on aligning protuberances on objects. Possible to eliminate protuberances and mechanical interferences caused. Display on television monitor reveals orientation of television camera with respect to crosshairs on mirror on object with which camera aligned.

Monford, Leo G.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The application of remote sensing to resource management and environmental quality programs in Kansas

The activities of the Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) Program during the period April 1, 1982 through Marsh 31, 1983 are described. The most important work revolved around the Kansas Interagency Task Force on Applied Remote Sensing and its efforts to establish an operational service oriented remote sensing program in Kansas state government. Concomitant with this work was the upgrading of KARS capabilities to process data for state agencies through the vehicle of a low cost digital data processing system. The KARS Program continued to take an active role in irrigation mapping. KARS is now integrating data acquired through analysis of LANDSAT into geographic information systems designed for evaluating groundwater resources. KARS also continues to work at the national level on the national inventory of state natural resources information systems.

Barr, B. G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Robot Manipulators

Space Shuttle's Remote Manipulator System (Canadarm) is a 50 foot robot arm used to deploy, retrieve or repair satellites in orbit. Initial spinoff version is designed to remove, inspect and replace large components of Ontario Hydro's CANDU nuclear reactors, which supply 50 percent of Ontario Hydro's total power reduction. CANDU robot is the first of SPAR's Remote Manipulator Systems intended for remote materials handling operations in nuclear servicing, chemical processing, smelting and manufacturing. Inco Limited used remote manipulator for remote control mining equipment to enhance safety and productivity of Inco's hardrock mining operations. System not only improves safety in a hazardous operation that costs more than a score of lives annually, it also increases productivity fourfold. Remote Manipulator System Division is also manufacturing a line of industrial robots and developing additional system for nuclear servicing, mining, defense and space operations.

Source record↗