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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 991 records · Page 55
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Studies of LAPPD and HRPPD photodetectors for Cherenkov imaging applications

HRPPDs are the baseline single-photon sensors for a classic proximity-focusing RICH (pfRICH) counter, one of the Cherenkov radiation-based PID subsystems of the ePIC detector at the EIC. We report SPE time resolution of 87 ps rms for an LAPPD unit detecting Cherenkov photons in a quartz lens at a CERN PS test beam (2022). We also present the degradation and partial recovery of gain and relative efficiency of an LAPPD unit as a function of the B-field strength (up to 1.5 T) and angular orientation, measured with vertical dipole magnets at CERN (2023–2024). Finally, we report preliminary results of an accelerated ageing study performed on an HRPPD unit in Trieste laboratory (2025).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Large Hadron–Electron Collider at the HL-LHC

The Large Hadron–Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The accelerator and interaction region are designed for concurrent electron–proton and proton–proton operations. This report represents an update to the LHeC’s conceptual design report (CDR), published in 2012. It comprises new results on the parton structure of the proton and heavier nuclei, QCD dynamics, and electroweak and top-quark physics. It is shown how the LHeC will open a new chapter of nuclear particle physics by extending the accessible kinematic range of lepton–nucleus scattering by several orders of magnitude. Due to its enhanced luminosity and large energy and the cleanliness of the final hadronic states, the LHeC has a strong Higgs physics programme and its own discovery potential for new physics. Building on the 2012 CDR, this report contains a detailed updated design for the energy-recovery electron linac (ERL), including a new lattice, magnet and superconducting radio-frequency technology, and further components. Challenges of energy recovery are described, and the lower-energy, high-current, three-turn ERL facility, PERLE at Orsay, is presented, which uses the LHeC characteristics serving as a development facility for the design and operation of the LHeC. An updated detector design is presented corresponding to the acceptance, resolution, and calibration goals that arise from the Higgs and parton-density-function physics programmes. This paper also presents novel results for the Future Circular Collider in electron–hadron (FCC-eh) mode, which utilises the same ERL technology to further extend the reach of DIS to even higher centre-of-mass energies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Geant4 Simulation of Cherenkov Photons in Perovskite CsPbBr 3 Gamma-Ray Detectors

Perovskite materials have recently attracted significant attention for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection. Cherenkov light generated by fast electrons due to gamma-ray interaction with the material can be used to provide fast timing information. Here, in this study, we report Geant4 simulation results of Cherenkov photon generation, transport, and detection within perovskite CsPbBr3. The Cherenkov photon yield, energy spectrum and temporal distribution are investigated under different gamma-ray energy deposition within CsPbBr3. CsPbBr 3 has a similar Cherenkov photon yield as of TlBr that has demonstrated fast-timing capability based on Cherenkov light. The effect of crystal volume, surface finish and SiPM photon detection efficiency on the Cherenkov detection is also discussed. This work provides insights into Cherenkov processes of CsPbBr3.

Cherenkov photon↗
DOE OSTI2026

Solving challenges in QCD 3D partonic distributions

The superior luminosity and high polarization of CEBAF, combined with the high resolution and excellent particle identification capabilities of its detectors, as well as the ability for multidimensional and multiparticle detection using polarized targets, make Jefferson Lab uniquely positioned to disentangle the genuine intrinsic transverse structure of hadrons encoded in 3D partonic distributions—particularly in the kinematic regime dominated by valence quarks. The inclusion of Jefferson Lab data on semi-inclusive and hard exclusive hadron production has the potential to dramatically advance our understanding of non-perturbative QCD dynamics. Although a wealth of data from various Jefferson Lab experiments is already available, its incorporation into phenomenological studies has been slow, and a significant portion of data from other leptoproduction experiments is still missing from global fits. In this contribution, we discuss the existing challenges and outline a path forward for improving the analysis of low center-of-mass electroproduction experiments in general, and Jefferson Lab data in particular.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Improving the performance of cryogenic calorimeters with nonlinear multivariate noise cancellation algorithms

Abstract State-of-the-art physics experiments require high-resolution, low-noise, and low-threshold detectors to achieve competitive scientific results. However, experimental environments invariably introduce sources of noise, such as electrical interference or microphonics. The sources of this environmental noise can often be monitored by adding specially designed “auxiliary devices” (e.g. microphones, accelerometers, seismometers, magnetometers, and antennae). A model can then be constructed to predict the detector noise based on the auxiliary device information, which can then be subtracted from the true detector signal. Here, we present a multivariate noise cancellation algorithm which can be used in a variety of settings to improve the performance of detectors using multiple auxiliary devices. To validate this approach, we apply it to simulated data to remove noise due to electromagnetic interference and microphonic vibrations. We then employ the algorithm to a cryogenic light detector in the laboratory and show an improvement in the detector performance. Finally, we motivate the use of nonlinear terms to better model vibrational contributions to the noise in thermal detectors. We show a further improvement in the performance of a particular channel of the CUORE detector when using the nonlinear algorithm in combination with optimal filtering techniques.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

LArCADe | Liquid Argon Charge Amplification Devices

The Liquid Argon Charge Amplification Devices (LArCADe) project is an R$\&$D effort aimed at developing instrumentation capable of lowering detection thresholds for ionization signatures in liquid and gaseous argon detectors and achieving O(100 $\mu$m) position resolution. The core concept is the use of sharp “tip arrays” that generate strong local electric-field enhancement, enabling charge amplification and collection with improved spatial resolution. A key physics motivation for this work is to enhance the experimental sensitivity of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) measurements to low-energy nuclear recoils by enabling spatially resolved charge reconstruction at reduced ionization thresholds, with the goal of achieving event-by-event energy reconstruction for interactions originating from localized accelerator or astrophysical neutrino sources. This poster will present the current status of the instrumentation R$\&$D, which leverages Fermilab’s Noble Liquid Test Facility and UC Santa Barbara’s Nanofabrication Facility, and will discuss the potential physics impact of this technology.

Antonakis, Alexander [UC, Santa Barbara]↗
DOE OSTI2020

The NOvA Test Beam Program

NOvA is a long-baseline oscillation neutrino experiment designed to study and measure a wide range of important topics for neutrino physics such as the neutrino mixing parameters, the neutrino mass hierarchy, and CP violation in the lepton sector. The NOvA Test Beam experiment uses a scaled-down detector of 30 tons to analyze tagged beamline particles. A new tertiary beamline deployed at Fermilab can select and identify electrons, muons, pions, kaons and protons with momenta from 0.2 to 2 GeV/c. Using these data, the Test Beam program will provide NOvA with a better understanding of the largest systematic uncertainties impacting the analyses, including the detector response, calibration, and hadronic and electromagnetic energy resolution. The status and future plans for the NOvA Test beam program, along with preliminary results, are presented in these Proceedings.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1973

HEAO gamma-ray astronomy experiments

Two gamma ray experiments designed to measure and map the cosmic gamma ray spectrum in the 0.1 to 10 MeV region are outlined. The sensitivity and capability of the instruments- a high resolution gamma ray spectrometer that uses solid state detectors and a combined UCSD-MIT scintillation system are also given. These experiment were designed for the HEAO program.

Metzger, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Results of the Apollo 15 and 16 X-ray experiment

Except for some minor modifications the Apollo 16 X-ray fluorescence experiment was similar to that flown aboard Apollo 15. The Apollo 16 provided data for a number of features not previously covered such as Mare Cognitum, Mare Nubium, Ptolemaeus, Descartes, Mendeleev, and other areas. Many data points were obtained by the X-ray experiments, so that comparisons could be drawn between Apollo 15 and 16 flights. The agreement was generally within about 10%. Al/Si concentration ratios ranged from 0.38% in Mare Cognitum to 0.67% in the Descartes area highlands. A comparison of the Apollo 16 data Al/Si values with optical albedo values along the ground tracks showed the same positive correlation as in the Apollo 15 flight. A reexamination of the detector and collimator geometries showed that the spatial resolution was better by almost a factor of two than the initial estimates.

Adler, I.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Measurements of selected psi /3684/ branching ratios from a study of secondary lepton pairs

The measurements considered were made at the electron-positron storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The apparatus used consists of two identical spectrometers mounted in a collinear configuration about the beam-interaction region. The energies of secondary electrons or positrons are measured with good resolution in large NaI(Tl) total-absorption detectors. Data accumulated without gamma-ray converters were examined for electron-positron pairs. The data taken with gamma-ray converters in place and at center-of-mass energies within 1 MeV of the resonance energy were scanned for evidence of either charged particles or converted gamma rays accompanying the detected muon pairs.

Hilger, E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The nuclear radiation monitor for the Spacelab/Shuttle

A 5 inch by 5 inch diameter sodium iodide scintillation crystal, viewed by a 5 inch photomultiplier was designed to be mounted near the center of the shuttle payload bay to quantitatively measure the neutron and gamma ray environment during the second Spacelab mission. The expected energy resolution is 8% FWHM at 662 keV. The detector will operate in an energy range from 0.1 to 20 MeV. A charged anticoincidence shield consisting of a 1 cm thick plastic scintillator viewed by three 2 inch photomultiplier tubes, covers the crystal detector which has nearly omnidirectional response.

Fishman, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The cosmic ray nuclides

The relative abundances of individual nuclides in cosmic rays are discussed. Data on the H-He nuclide quartet are reviewed, along with experimental results for stable nuclides with Z of at least 3. Detailed attention is given to the ratios C-12/C-13, N-15/N, and O-17+18/O, as well as to the light-heavy nuclei, the iron group, and radionuclides. The resolution of the low- and medium-energy detectors aboard the ISEE satellite is illustrated.

Waddington, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Measurements of mass flow in the transition region and inner corona

A solar rocket experiment launched on June 5, 1979 is described which provides high spectral resolution line profiles across the solar disk. The instrument consists of a small telescope with moderate spatial resolution and a spectrograph with stability and high spectroscopic resolution (about 0.028 A at 600 A). The detector system uses a microchannel plate array to provide 1,024 simultaneous measurements spanning approximately 30 A of the solar spectrum. The spectrograph uses a 3600 l/mm grating, and the spectral range 609-634 A is recorded in second order overlapping 1218-1268 A in first order. The position of the emission lines is determined by a center-of-mass routine and velocity shifts are evident. The qualitative results are in general agreement with the results of Cushman and Rense (1976).

Rottman, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Isotopes of cosmic ray elements from neon to nickel

Results obtained from a balloon exposure of a cosmic ray detector flown in 1977 are reported. The charge resolution ranged from 0.19 to 0.21 charge units between neon and nickel and the mass resolution for nuclei stopped in the emulsions ranged from 0.40 to 0.70 amu for A between 20 and 60 amu. This was enough to correctly identify almost all nuclei, but not to uniquely resolve neighboring mass peaks. Both Ne and Mg show evidence for neutron enrichment relative to the solar system abundance. Si and S are consistent with solar abundances, while Ar has no significant source abundances. P, Cl and K have essentially no primary component and the isotopic distribution observed is quite consistent with that expected from propagation. An excess of Ca-44 at the source is shown, indicating high metallicity in the source. The abundance of Fe-58 is nine percent or less, and Ni shows a one-to-one ratio for Ni-58 to 60, implying intermediate metallicity.

Waddington, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

An accelerator test of semi-empirical cross-sections

Experimentally measured yields of isotopes of elements from Mg to K resulting from the fragmentation of Ar-40 are compared with calculated yields based on semiempirical cross-section formulas. Excellent mass resolution is obtained in measurements using a beam of 287 MeV/amu Ar-40 incident on a CH2 target. The resolution is made possible by an Si(Li) detector telescope. Whereas the general agreement between calculation and experiment is good, with an rms difference of approximately 24 percent, attention is called to certain significant differences. It is found that important information for refining the semiempirical calculation of fragmentation cross sections can be obtained from data collected during the calibration of cosmic ray detector systems when such calibrations are performed under suitable conditions.

Lau, K. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Theoretical study of EAS hadronic structure

The structure of extensive air showers (EAS) is determined mainly by the energetic hadrons. They are strongly collimated in the core of the shower and essential difficulties are encountered for resolution of individual hadrons. The properties for resolution are different from the variety of hadron detectors used in EAS experiments. This is the main difficulty in obtaining a general agreement between actually registered data with different detectors. The most plausible source for disagreement is the uncertainty in determination of the energy of individual hadrons. This research demonstrates that a better agreement can be obtained with the average tendency of hadronic measurements if one assumes a larger coefficient of inelasticity and stronger energy increase of the total inelastic cross section in high energy pion interactions. EAS data above 10 to the 5th power GeV are revealing a faster development of hadronic cascades in the air then can be expected by extrapolating the parameters of hadron interactions obtained in accelerator measurements.

Popova, L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Monolithic Isolated Single-Mode Ring Laser

MISER uses four-sided ring to lase nonreciprocally. Laser concept provides very-compact, efficient, and stable source of coherent radiation. Lasers of single, very-stable frequency desirable for number of purposes. Frequency stability makes possible coherent detection of laser radiation with low-bandwidth detector, useful for communications. Allows very-high-resolution spectroscopy. Any application where desired to use laser in way microwaves used traditionally enhanced if frequency very stable.

Kane, T. J.↗