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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Utilization of ERTS-1 data in geological evaluation, regional planning, forest management, and water management in North Carolina

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 imagery has been evaluated for use in resource planning and management in North Carolina, and found to be useful for general reconnaissance purposes in forestry, geology, and water resources work. It has also been used for studying large-scale transient phenomena such as river plumes and movement of sediment in the sounds. ERTS-1 imagery has been an aid to geologic and land-use mapping. Stereoscopes, projectors of various kinds, and microscopes have proved useful instruments for the kinds of data acquisition needed by resource planners and managers.

Welby, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Interpretation of multispectral and infrared thermal surveys of the Suez Canal Zone, Egypt

Remote sensing airborne surveys were conducted, as part of the plan of rehabilitation, of the Suez Canal Zone using I2S multispectral camera and Bendix LN-3 infrared passive scanner. The multispectral camera gives four separate photographs for the same scene in the blue, green, red, and near infrared bands. The scanner was operated in the microwave bands of 8 to 14 microns and the thermal surveying was carried out both at night and in the day time. The surveys, coupled with intensive ground investigations, were utilized in the construction of new geological, structural lineation and drainage maps for the Suez Canal Zone on a scale of approximately 1:20,000, which are superior to the maps made by normal aerial photography. A considerable number of anomalies belonging to various types were revealed through the interpretation of the executed multispectral and infrared thermal surveys.

Elshazly, E. M.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Annual Symposium on Machine Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, 4th, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., June 21-23, 1977, Proceedings

Papers are presented on a variety of techniques for the machine processing of remotely sensed data. Consideration is given to preprocessing methods such as the correction of Landsat data for the effects of haze, sun angle, and reflectance and to the maximum likelihood estimation of signature transformation algorithm. Several applications of machine processing to agriculture are identified. Various types of processing systems are discussed such as ground-data processing/support systems for sensor systems and the transfer of remotely sensed data to operational systems. The application of machine processing to hydrology, geology, and land-use mapping is outlined. Data analysis is considered with reference to several types of classification methods and systems.

Morrison, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Land subsidence measured by satellite radar altimetry

Radar altimeter measurements from the GEOS-3 and SEASAT satellites are being evaluated to assess their potential contribution to terrain mapping. The primary evaluation area is the San Joaquin Valley of southern California; 40,000/sq km of the Valley have been mapped at a contour interval of 10 m from the satellite altimeter measurements. The accuracy of the altimeter derived terrain elevations is being assessed by comparison with 1:24,000 and digitized 1:250,000 maps and by intercomparisons at the crossover altimeter intersections. Comparisons of the altimeter derived elevations with historical maps archived at the U.S. Geological Survey confirms the USGS 1926-1972 subsidence contours for this area. Preliminary results from a similar analysis in the Houston-Galveston area of subsidence also demonstrates a capability of measuring land subsidence by satellite altimetry.

Krabill, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

LANDSAT image differencing as an automated land cover change detection technique

Image differencing was investigated as a technique for use with LANDSAT digital data to delineate areas of land cover change in an urban environment. LANDSAT data collected in April 1973 and April 1975 for Austin, Texas, were geometrically corrected and precisely registered to United States Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle maps. At each pixel location reflectance values for the corresponding bands were subtracted to produce four difference images. Areas of major reflectance differences are isolated by thresholding each of the difference images. The resulting images are combined to obtain an image data set to total change. These areas of reflectance differences were found, in general, to correspond to areas of land cover change. Information on areas of land cover change was incorporated into a procedure to mask out all nonchange areas and perform an unsupervised classification only for data in the change areas. This procedure identified three broad categories: (1) areas of high reflectance (construction or extractive), (2) changes in agricultural areas, and (3) areas of confusion between agricultural and other areas.

Stauffer, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Tectonic setting of Martian volcanoes and deep-seated intrusives

More than 50 volcanoes have been mapped on Mars, and recent geologic studies indicate structural evidence of deep seated intrusive bodies. Most volcanoes in the Tharsis region are volcanotectonic features; they have been associated with large scale tectonic and volcanic processes. They occur along complex systems of faults and grabens having a dominant northwest to southwest trend closely coincident with a great circle, which extends along 90 deg of arc from Tempe Patera to probable volcanic mountains near lat. 40 deg S, long. 150 deg. Deep seated intrusive bodies are also concentrated in the Tharsis region and are recognized mostly where faults have been deflected around their cores. The Elysium Mons-Amphitrites Patera volcanic alignment is subparallel to that of Tharsis but is longer, extending through about 120 deg of arc; it transects the dichotomy boundary and is radial to the Hellas basin. Volcanoes in the Tharsis region have the widest age range of all volcanoes on Mars, as determined by the size-frequency distribution of their craters having diameters of 2, 5, and 16 km.

Scott, David H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Proceedings of the Third Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) Workshop

The Third Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) Workshop was held on 23-24 May 1991 at JPL. Thirty oral presentations were made and 18 poster papers displayed during the workshop. Papers from these 25 presentations are presented which include analyses of AIRSAR operations and studies in SAR remote sensing, ecology, hydrology, soil science, geology, oceanography, volcanology, and SAR mapping and data handling. Results from these studies indicate the direction and emphasis of future orbital radar-sensor missions that will be launched during the 1990's.

Jacob J Vanzy↗
NASA NTRS1994

Venus cartography

The entire surface of the planet Venus is being mapped at global and regional scales (1:50 million through 1:1.5 million) with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), radar altimeter, and radiometer measurements of physical properties from the Magellan spacecraft. The mapping includes SAR image mosaics, shaded relief maps, and topographic contour overlays made from altimetry data and by radargrammetric methods. Methods used include new techniques of radar image processing that became operational as a result of the Magellan mission. Special cartographic support products prepared by the USGS include: synthetic stereograms, color thematic maps of physical properties, digital shaded relief maps from opposite-look SAR, and topographic maps by radargrammetry. The area being mapped (at a resolution of 75 m/pixel) is roughly equivalent to that of Earth, including seafloors. The mapping is designed to support geologic and geophysical investigations.

Batson, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS2000

The Earth Observing System Terra Mission

Langley's remarkable solar and lunar spectra collected from Mt. Whitney inspired Arrhenius to develop the first quantitative climate model in 1896. After the launch in Dec. 16 1999, NASA's Earth Observing AM Satellite (EOS-Terra) will repeat Langley's experiment, but for the entire planet, thus pioneering a wide array of calibrated spectral observations from space of the Earth System. Conceived in response to real environmental problems, EOS-Terra, in conjunction with other international satellite efforts, will fill a major gap in current efforts by providing quantitative global data sets with a resolution smaller than 1 km on the physical, chemical and biological elements of the earth system. Thus, like Langley's data, EOS-Terra can revolutionize climate research by inspiring a new generation of climate system models and enable us to assess the human impact on the environment. In the talk I shall review the historical perspective of the Terra mission and the key new elements of the mission. We expect to have some first images that demonstrate the most innovative capability from EOS Terra: MODIS - 1.37 microns cirrus channel; 250 m daily cover for clouds and vegetation change; 7 solar channels for land and aerosol; new fire channels; Chlorophyll fluorescence; MISR - 9 multi angle views of clouds and vegetation; MOPITT - Global CO maps and CH4 maps; ASTER - Thermal channels for geological studies with 15-90 m resolution.

Kaufman, Yoram J.↗
NASA NTRS2000

The Earth Observing System Terra Mission

Langley's remarkable solar and lunar spectra collected from Mt. Whitney inspired Arrhenius to develop the first quantitative climate model in 1896. After the launch in Dec. 16 1999, NASA's Earth Observing AM Satellite (EOS-Terra) will repeat Langley's experiment, but for the entire planet, thus pioneering a wide array of calibrated spectral observations from space of the Earth System. Conceived in response to real environmental problems, EOS-Terra, in conjunction with other international satellite efforts, will fill a major gap in current efforts by providing quantitative global data sets with a resolution better than 1 km on the physical, chemical and biological elements of the earth system. Thus, like Langley's data, EOS-Terra can revolutionize climate research by inspiring a new generation of climate system models and enable us to assess the human impact on the environment. In the talk I shall review the historical perspective of the Terra mission and the key new elements of the mission. We expect to have first images that demonstrate the most innovative capability from EOS Terra 5 instruments: MODIS - 1.37 micron cirrus cloud channel; 250m daily coverage for clouds and vegetation change; 7 solar channels for land and aerosol studies; new fire channels; Chlorophyll fluorescence; MISR - first 9 multi angle views of clouds and vegetation; MOPITT - first global CO maps and C114 maps; ASTER - Thermal channels for geological studies with 15-90 m resolution.

Kaufman, Yoram J.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Can MARSIS Measure the Low-Altitude Components of the Mars Magnetic Field?

Measuring the magnetic field anomaly of Mars at low altitudes (e.g. 100-200 km) can be an interesting application of Mars Advance Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounder (MARSIS). Due to a low HF operation frequency, the radio wave propagating in the ionosphere of Mars, over the magnetic anomaly regions, will be affected and distorted by the localized magnetic field. This distortion in the sounder signal is due to the Faraday rotation and provides information about the strength of the magnetic field. MARSIS is especially sensitive to the radial magnetic field at altitudes where the electron density in the ionosphere peaks (i.e. 100-200 km). Consequently, MARSIS is potentially capable of providing measurements for the radial component of the magnetic field at altitudes between 100 to 200 km that are normally out of reach for orbital magnetometers (with the exception of the aero-braking phase). Such low-altitude measurements would be complementary to already existing measurements at 400 km by MAG-ER on Mars Global Surveyor. This paper will explain the sensitivity of MARSIS as a magnetometer and the method envisioned to measure the radial magnetic field component. MARSIS (Picardi et al.), the first major planetary radar sounder, is the result of an international collaboration between NASA, the Italian Space Agency (ASI), and European Space Agency (ESA), and will arrive at Mars in early 2004 for a two-year mission. MARSIS has a frequency range between 0.1-5.5 MHz and is designed to penetrate the subsurface to a depth of a few kilometers. MARSIS primary objective is to map and characterize the subsurface geological structure of Mars, and search for subsurface liquid water reservoirs. The secondary objective of MARSIS is to study the ionosphere of Mars providing the most extensive amount of data on Martian ionosphere to date. In addition to MARSIS, a second radar sounder named SHARAD (SHallow RADar) with operation frequency of 15-25 MHz is under development. SHARAD is an Italian instrument (Seu et. al) that will fly on NASA s Mars Reconnaissance orbiter in 2005. SHARAD can also provide magnetic measurements, however, it is not expected to be as sensitive as MARSIS to magnetic field variations.

A Safaeinili↗
NASA NTRS2012

Science Traverses in the Canadian High Arctic

The presentation is divided into three parts. Part I is an overview of early expeditions to the High Arctic, and their political consequences at the time. The focus then shifts to the Geological Survey of Canada s mapping program in the North (Operation Franklin), and to the Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP), a unique organization that resides within the Government of Canada s Department of Natural Resources, and supports mapping projects and science investigations. PCSP is highlighted throughout the presentation so a description of mandate, budgets, and support infrastructure is warranted. In Part II, the presenter describes the planning required in advance of scientific deployments carried out in the Canadian High Arctic from the perspective of government and university investigators. Field operations and challenges encountered while leading arctic field teams in fly camps are also described in this part of the presentation, with particular emphasis on the 2008 field season. Part III is a summary of preliminary results obtained from a Polar Survey questionnaire sent out to members of the Arctic research community in anticipation of the workshop. The last part of the talk is an update on the analog program at the Canadian Space Agency, specifically, the Canadian Analog Research Network (CARN) and current activities related to Analog missions, 2009-2010.

Williamson, Marie-Claude↗
NASA NTRS2018

Precious Dust Two Mission Converge on Asteroid Sample Returns

Far-flung spacecraft deliver incredible views of distant worlds. But there's nothing like bringing samples back to Earth. Instruments carried by spacecraft have limitations-of power, complexity, size, and number. Their investigations leave many fundamental questions unanswered, questions that we might be able to answer if only we had samples. This summer marks the beginning of an exciting new era in sample-return missions: NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft arrives at asteroid Bennu, and the Japanese Hayabusa2 spacecraft arrives at asteroid Ryugu. Both are primitive asteroids-dark remnants of Solar System formation that carry carbon and water-a type of asteroid that's never been visited before. After thoroughly mapping their respective asteroids for geology and mineralogy, each probe will collect surface samples and return them to Earth. I can't wait to study them in my laboratory. Cosmic-dust pioneer Kazu Tomeoka introduced me to the dream of sample-return missions 20 years ago. In those days, the only returned extraterrestrial samples were from the Moon. He said to his students, "In the near future, we will be able to collect samples from asteroids and comets. There will be no need to wait for meteorites or cosmic dust to come and fall from the sky. And some of you might be the first to look at those samples." This inspired my life's work: laboratory analysis of returned astromaterials.

Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko↗
DOE OSTI2019

Wabash CarbonSAFE Subtask 7.1 – Pre-drilling Site Assessment Topical Report: DOE-FE0031626-1

The Wabash CarbonSAFE project will drill a stratigraphic test well at the Wabash Valley Resources facility near Terre Haute, Indiana. Lithologic, geomechanical, and geophysical data collected from samples testing and an extensive geophysical logging suite will be used to determine the feasibility for the geologic sequestration of 50 million metric tons or more of injected carbon dioxide. The primary target reservoir and caprock to be investigated for the Wabash CarbonSAFE project are the Mt. Simon Sandstone and Eau Claire Shale, respectively. The project team has assessed the planned Wabash #1 drilling site using subsurface geologic data and analyses from both Illinois and Indiana. These data were used to generate geologic structure and isopach thickness maps for target reservoir and caprock layers which were incorporated into a detailed discussion of the nature of the Illinois Basin’s Cambro-Ordovician carbon dioxide storage complex at the drilling site. Formation tops were prognosed for 19 lithologic units to aid drilling and coring procedures. Additional GIS analysis indicates that no known structural features will negatively impact the target storage reservoir or caprock, nor will protected and sensitive areas, groundwater resources, or existing resource development be negatively affected by Wabash #1 drilling activities. The Wabash #1 Geologic/Structure Test well drilling permit was awarded by Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IN-DNR) – Division of Oil and Gas on November 12th, 2019, and the well is expected to be drilled to a total depth of approximately 8,350 feet. Potential impacts on drilling progress include abandoned underground coal mines which mined the Springfield and Survant coals until 1964 and 1954, respectively, and a lost circulation zone in the Potosi Dolomite, which has been demonstrated to have intermittent cavernous porosity from karstification. This document also details the coring and sampling program, proposed logging suite, and well testing program, all of which will be dynamically reviewed as drilling progresses.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS2015

Crosscutting Airborne Remote Sensing Technologies for Oil and Gas and Earth Science Applications

Airborne imaging spectroscopy has evolved dramatically since the 1980s as a robust remote sensing technique used to generate 2-dimensional maps of surface properties over large spatial areas. Traditional applications for passive airborne imaging spectroscopy include interrogation of surface composition, such as mapping of vegetation diversity and surface geological composition. Two recent applications are particularly relevant to the needs of both the oil and gas as well as government sectors: quantification of surficial hydrocarbon thickness in aquatic environments and mapping atmospheric greenhouse gas components. These techniques provide valuable capabilities for petroleum seepage in addition to detection and quantification of fugitive emissions. New empirical data that provides insight into the source strength of anthropogenic methane will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the evolving constraints enabled by new methane remote sensing techniques. Contemporary studies attribute high-strength point sources as significantly contributing to the national methane inventory and underscore the need for high performance remote sensing technologies that provide quantitative leak detection. Imaging sensors that map spatial distributions of methane anomalies provide effective techniques to detect, localize, and quantify fugitive leaks. Airborne remote sensing instruments provide the unique combination of high spatial resolution (<1 m) and large coverage required to directly attribute methane emissions to individual emission sources. This capability cannot currently be achieved using spaceborne sensors. In this study, results from recent NASA remote sensing field experiments focused on point-source leak detection, will be highlighted. This includes existing quantitative capabilities for oil and methane using state-of-the-art airborne remote sensing instruments. While these capabilities are of interest to NASA for assessment of environmental impact and global climate change, industry similarly seeks to detect and localize leaks of both oil and methane across operating fields. In some cases, higher sensitivities desired for upstream and downstream applications can only be provided by new airborne remote sensing instruments tailored specifically for a given application. There exists a unique opportunity for alignment of efforts between commercial and government sectors to advance the next generation of instruments to provide more sensitive leak detection capabilities, including those for quantitative source strength determination.

hyperspectral↗
DOE OSTI2021

Regional Assessment for the CO2 Storage Potential in Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend

The goal of Task 1-11 was to perform an initial assessment of the geologic storage capacity and injectivity of the Northern Fairway of Michigan’s Niagaran Reef Trend. This task included a regional assessment and mapping effort to understand the variability in the reef geology, fluid content, and reservoir parameters across the trend consisting of several hundred reefs.

cross section↗
NASA NTRS2006

Developing Coastal Surface Roughness Maps Using ASTER and QuickBird Data Sources

This viewgraph presentation regards one element of a larger project on the integration of NASA science models and data into the Hazards U.S. Multi-Hazard (HAZUS-MH) Hurricane module for hurricane damage and loss risk assessment. HAZUS-MH is a decision support tool being developed by the National Institute of Building Sciences for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). It includes the Hurricane Module, which employs surface roughness maps made from National Land Cover Data (NLCD) maps to estimate coastal hurricane wind damage and loss. NLCD maps are produced and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey. This presentation discusses an effort to improve upon current HAZUS surface roughness maps by employing ASTER multispectral classifications with QuickBird "ground reference" imagery.

Spruce, Joe↗
NASA NTRS1993

New Mars free-air and Bouguer gravity: Correlation with topography, geology and large impact basins

Free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies from a 50x50 field (MGM635), derived at the Goddard Space Flight Center, with global topography, geology, and the distribution of large impact basins was compared. The free-air gravity anomalies were derived from re-analysis of Viking Orbiter and Mariner 9 tracking data and have a spatial resolution of 250-300 km. Bouguer anomalies were calculated using a 50x50 expansion of the current Mars topography and the GSFC degree 50 geoid as the equipotential reference surface. Rotational flattening was removed using a moment of inertia of 0.365 and the corrections from Table B2 of Sleep and Phillips. Crustal density and mean density were assumed to be 2.9 and 3.93 gm/cm(sup 3). The spherical harmonic topography used has zero mean elevation, and differs from the USGS maps by about 2 km. Comparisons with global geology use a simplified map with about 1/3 the number of units on the current maps. For correlation with impact basins, the recent compilation by Schultz and Frey was used.

Frey, Herbert↗