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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Distinct Recrystallization Pathways in a Cold-Rolled Al-2%Mg Alloy Evidenced by In-Situ Neutron Diffraction

The time-of-flight neutron diffraction data collected in-situ on Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA) VULCAN and Los Alamos National Laboratory’s (LANL, Los Alamos, NM, USA) High-Pressure-Preferred-Orientation (HIPPO) diffractometers have been analyzed complementarily to show the texture evolution during annealing of a cold-rolled Al-2%Mg alloy. The texture analysis aimed to identify the components present in the initial rolling (or deformation) texture and in the thermally-activated recrystallization texture, respectively. Using a quasi-Monte-Carlo (QMC) approach, a new method has been developed to simulate the weighted texture components, and to obtain inverse pole figures for both rolling and normal directions. As such, distinct recrystallization pathways during annealing in isochronal conditions, can be revealed in terms of the evolution of the texture components and their respective volume fractions. Moreover, the recrystallization kinetics associated with the cube and random texture components are analyzed quantitatively using a similar approach developed for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Through-Thickness Microstructure Characterization in a Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Nuclear Reactor Primary Loop Pipe Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction

The US code of Federal Regulations mandates regular inspection of centrifugally cast austenitic stainless steel pipe, commonly used in primary cooling loops in light-water nuclear power plants. These pipes typically have a wall thickness of ~8 cm. Unfortunately, inspection using conventional ultrasonic techniques is not reliable as the microstructure strongly attenuates ultrasonic waves. Work is ongoing to simulate the behavior of acoustic waves in this microstructure and ultimately develop an acoustic inspection method for reactor inspections. In order to account for elastic anisotropy in the material, the texture in the steel was measured as a function of radial distance though the pipe wall. Experiments were conducted on two 10 × 12.7 × 80 mm radial sections of a cast pipe using neutron diffraction scans of 2 mm slices using the HIPPO time-of-flight neutron diffractometer at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM, USA). Strong textures dominated by a small number of austenite grains with their (100) direction aligned in the radial direction of the pipe were observed. ODF analysis indicated that up to 70% of the probed volume was occupied by just three single-grain orientations, consistent with grain sizes of almost 1 cm. Texture and phase fraction of both ferrite and austenite phases were measured along the length of the samples. These results will inform the development of a more robust diagnostic tool for regular inspection of this material.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2003

The Status of Cross Section Measurements for Neutron-induced Reactions Needed for Cosmic Ray Studies

Cosmic ray interactions with lunar rocks and meteorites produce small amounts of radionuclides and stable isotopes. Advances in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) allow production rates to be measured routinely in well-documented lunar rocks and meteorites. These measurements are analyzed using theoretical models to learn about the object itself and the history of the cosmic rays that fell on it. Good cross section measurements are essential input to the theoretical calculations. Most primary cosmic ray particles are protons so reliable cross sections for proton-induced reactions are essential. A cross section is deemed accurate if measurements made by different experimenters using different techniques result in consistent values. Most cross sections for proton induced reactions are now well measured. However, good cross section measurements for neutron-induced reactions are still needed. These cross sections are required to fully account for all galactic cosmic ray interactions at depth in an extraterrestrial object. When primary galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles interact with an object many secondary neutrons are produced, which also initiate spallation reactions. Thus, the total GCR contribution to the overall cosmogenic nuclide archive has to include the contribution from the secondary neutron interactions. Few relevant cross section measurements have been reported for neutron-induced reactions at neutron energies greater than approximately 20 MeV. The status of the cross section measurements using quasi-monoenergetic neutron energies at iThemba LABS, South Africa and white neutron beams at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), Los Alamos are reported here.

Sisterson, J. M.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Lab’s fuel cell knowledge tapped for surveys of catalyst technology

Two recent articles in Advanced Materials leverage Los Alamos’s extensive expertise in fuel cell technology. The articles, one by Los Alamos researchers and another with their external colleagues, survey current developments in precious-metal-free electrocatalysts and progress in understanding the main causes of their instability. The Laboratory’s role in developing fuel cells and hydrogen as an energy source goes back more than 40 years to when DOE awarded the first Fuel Cells for Transportation program to the Lab. Los Alamos continues as a core laboratory for the DOE Fuel Cell program—leading two DOE-awarded multi-lab consortia, which are focused on fuel cell performance and technology improvements.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2018

SUMO Target Tree Info

Information regarding species, plot, treatment, chamber, tree height, and canopy diameter associated with each Tree_ID for use with all other raw data files. The Los Alamos Survival-Mortality experiment (SUMO) is located on Frijoles Mesa near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, at an elevation of 2150 m. The experiment is located in a pinon-juniper woodland near the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest ecotone. The tree community at SUMO is dominated by pinon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.) with Gambel oak (Quercus gambelli Nutt.), and the occasional ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C.Lawson). Soils are Hackroy clay loam and range in depth from 40 to 80 cm above a parent material of volcanic tuff. Data released by Los Alamos National Lab for public use under LA-UR-18-23656.Update 4/7/2022: added tree height and canopy diameter

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Technology Transfer Excellence Award NTXBio

While a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Dr. Alex Koglin developed two compounds to create a better vaccine for Tuberculosis (TB). In 2015, Dr. Koglin took an entrepreneurial leave of absence from the Laboratory to start NTXBio, LLC. His objective was to develop and commercialize a TB vaccine based on two compounds he created while a scientist at the Los Alamos. In 2018, a total of 1.5 million people died from TB. According to the World Health Organization TB is the leading infectious disease resulting in death worldwide. Approximately one-quarter of the world’s population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Dr. Koglin non-exclusively licensed the two compounds from Los Alamos and began further development of the technology in collaboration with the Government of South Africa and universities to address the need for a vaccine to prevent TB. In their research and development of the compounds there was no evidence of cross resistance between other bacteria and the bacteria that causes TB. The compounds were tested in mouse models and demonstrated they can treat TB. Also, the tests have not shown any of the massive side effects that the current treatments for TB are showing. The company started production of the compounds using current manufacturing processes. Using these processes NTXBio could not produce the compounds at a reasonable price to be available for patients in third world countries. The company shifted to developing a new methodology “invitro synthetic biology” that can increase the production of these compounds and other vaccine molecules in a more affordable way. Dr. Koglin’s startup NTXBio is working to positively influence and secure the world vaccine supply by developing rapid on-demand production of the full spectrum of protein vaccines. Starting with the TB vaccine and advancing to common childhood vaccines, emergency and experimental vaccines such as those needed for COVID-19. NTXBio is capable of accelerated prototyping and manufacturing with increased purity and greater stability while reducing both cost and production time. The newly developed production methodology can be applied to not only the TB compounds licensed from Los Alamos, but also to their compounds that advance vaccine production for other diseases. Their technology produces vaccines fast enough to be fully deployable in areas without the need of specialized storage conditions and response times.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Global warming accelerates drought-induced forest death

Many southwestern forests in the United States will disappear or be heavily altered by 2050, according to a series of joint Los Alamos National Laboratory-University of New Mexico studies. Nathan McDowell, a Los Alamos plant physiologist, and William Pockman, a UNM biology professor, explain that their research, and more from scientists around the world, is forecasting that by 2100 most conifer forests should be heavily disturbed, if not gone, as air temperatures rise in combination with drought. "Everybody knows trees die when there's a drought, if there's bark beetles or fire, yet nobody in the world can predict it with much accuracy." McDowell said. "What's really changed is that the temperature is going up," thus the researchers are imposing artificial drought conditions on segments of wild forest in the Southwest and pushing forests to their limit to discover the exact processes of mortality and survival. The study is centered on drought experiments in woodlands at both Los Alamos and the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico. Both sites are testing hypotheses about how forests die on mature, wild trees, rather than seedlings in a greenhouse, through the ecosystem-scale removal of 50 percent of yearly precipitation through large water-diversion trough systems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

2023 SAGE-Camp Report

The 7 th Summer Physics Camp for Young Women was successfully held in person in 2023 from June 5 th to 16 th at the New Mexico School for the Arts in Santa Fe, NM at Hilo Intermediate School in Hawaii. This year’s camp was dedicated to the topic of Energy Security and was made possible thanks to the strong collaboration of Los Alamos, Sandia and Hawaii teams and the logistical and financial support of Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico Consortium, SAGE- Moore Foundation, LANL Foundation, ACS, IEE, APS four corners, N3B, Hawaii Museum of Science and Technology, New Mexico School for the Arts (NMSA) and Tech Source. The camp mobilized more than 120 volunteers who made the camp a success. The camp is free of charge to the students and included free lunch and snacks for the busy brains to have plenty of energy, also included all materials needed for the hands-on activities (like drone building, crystal structure, solar panels, wind turbine fabrication, soldering, coding etc) and also a stipend for students who attended for the full two weeks and for two educators and two student mentors in NM. The camp offered 32 high school students from New Mexico and 8 from Hawaii a unique opportunity to explore science topics and meet a broad range of role model professionals across STEM fields including astrophysics, cybersecurity, Energy fields, space science, engineering, biophysics, environmental science, robotics, computer science, nuclear engineering, radiological science, physics and chemistry. With nearly 120 volunteers who came mainly from Los Alamos National Laboratory (66%) and Sandia national laboratories (18%), two funded educators from NM, Dr. Weldon Beauchamp and Dr. Ellee Cook, and two educators from Hilo, Dr. Pascale Creek Pinner and LeAnn Ragasa, the camp was educationally sound and extremely varied. The collaboration with school educators is critical for the goal of this camp to not only impact students' lives but also improve STEM education in NM and Hawaii. The ultimate goal of the camp is to increase higher education aspirations of students, empower them to consider careers in STEM and learn more about the opportunities available to them in our local colleges and DOE National Laboratories. In addition, the camp also hired 2 past students as student mentors, Megan Odom and Elisea Jackson, who currently attend NMSA and were students at the camp in 2022 when it was virtual. The in-person camp which aims at empowering under-represented minorities in STEM in our community received more than 52 applications this year from all over NM and 8 applications from Hawaii. Our selection criteria are based on diversity, equity and inclusion, and students for whom the camp can be a life-changing opportunity are given a chance to attend the camp. During COVID, the camp was held virtually and gave the opportunity to students from remote areas in NM and Hawaii to attend from their homes. This year, fantastic families supported students everyday even when home was in remote areas in NM like Lea county, Sandoval county, Bernalillo or Mora county. The organizers hope next year they can offer a residential option for students from remote areas.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Sampling and Analysis Plan for Assessment of LANL-Derived Residual Radionuclides in Soils within Tract A-16-e for Land Conveyance

Public Law 105-119 directs the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to convey or transfer parcels of land to the Incorporated County of Los Alamos or their designees and to the Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, in trust for the Pueblo de San Ildefonso. Los Alamos National Security is tasked to support DOE in conveyance and/or transfer of identified land parcels no later than September 2022. Under DOE Order 458.1, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment (O458.1, 2013), and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) implementing Policy 412 (P412, 2014a), real property with the potential to contain residual radioactive material must meet the criteria for clearance and release to the public. This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) investigates Tract A-16-e and proposes 50 project-specific soil samples for use in radiological clearance decisions consistent with LANL Procedure ENV-ES-TP-238 (2015a) and guidance in the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM, 2000).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

DOE/LANL Land Conveyances and Transfers - Progress Over 20 Years

Before any transfer or conveyance actions, DOE owned approximately 45 square miles (28,800 acres) and most of this comprised Los Alamos National Laboratory. Since 1999, under Public Law 105-119, DOE/LANL has conveyed 4.8 square miles (3072 acres) of property to Los Alamos County and 6 acres to the Los Alamos School District. In addition, 3.2 square miles (2,048 acres) and has been transferred to the Bureau of Indian Affairs to be held in trust for the Pueblo de San Ildefonso.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2026

High-Power Amplifier Considerations for testing the LAMP RFQ and first DTL Cavity

As part of the LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Pro ject (LAMP), critical portions of the proposed accelerator will be tested as proof of concept and aid in planning the installation of LAMP at Los Alamos Neutron Science Cen ter. As part of this demonstration, the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and the first drift-tube linac (DTL) cav ity will be tested with beam. For this purpose, high-power RF amplifiers are being designed to meet the testing de mands. This is a description of the requirements of these amplifiers and how the design is intended to meet them.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Integrated Initiative for Plutonium and Actinide Missions

Recognizing the dynamic environment and challenges facing the plutonium and actinide missions at Los Alamos National Laboratory over the next decade, Laboratory leadership established Fiscal Year (FY) 2020 Laboratory Agenda Item 2.6. This agenda item calls for the development and implementation of an integrated initiative for plutonium and actinide missions at Los Alamos. Over the next decade, Los Alamos has been asked to significantly ramp up pit production to help address nuclear stockpile and nuclear deterrence needs, heat source production to support expansion in space exploration, evaluation of stockpile returns, processing operations in support of nonproliferation, and the actinide science to support all of these efforts. All of this must be accomplished while significantly increasing the size of our plutonium and actinide missions workforce and modernizing and updating critical infrastructure. Only through enhanced integration of science, technology, and engineering (ST&E), manufacturing, and mission operations will we enable achievement of these critical missions. An overall summary of the plutonium and actinide missions is included in Figure 1 on Page 3 and Figure 2 on Page 4 summarizes our goals, objectives, FY 2021 recommended actions and internal strategic priorities that are key elements of our integrated initiative.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2016

The Rock that Hit New York

On January 12, 1975, a rock seemed to fall from the sky over New York State’s Schoharie County hitting the tractor of a local farmer, who was “preparing his fields for spring planting.” As the farmer later described the event to a reporter from the UFO INVESTIGATOR, the object glanced off the tractor, fell to the ground, and melted its way through a patch of ice that was two and one half inches thick. The farmer, Leonard Tillapaugh, called the county sheriff, Harvey Stoddard, who recovered the rock, noting that it “was still warm.” Why and how a sample of the rock came to Los Alamos is not known. However, it captivated a wide Laboratory audience, was subjected to rigorous testing and evaluation. Los Alamos used the scientific method in the manner promoted by Hynek. Did Los Alamos solve the mystery of the rock’s origin? Not definitively. Although the exact origin could not be determined, it was shown conclusively that the rock was not from outer space. With that said, the saga of Rock that hit New York came to an end. Nothing more was said or written about it. The principals involved have long since passed from the scene. The NICAP ceased operations in 1980. And, the rock, itself, has disappeared.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Trinity by the Numbers: The Computing Effort that Made Trinity Possible

Utilizing rarely used source materials and identifying points of bias among more commonly used sources, this critical review provides a more complete representation of wartime Los Alamos computing operations and personnel, including the Laboratory’s typically underrepresented human computers and how they contributed to the success of the Trinity test. This paper also identifies how the Laboratory’s unusual wartime computing demands served as a formative experience among many Los Alamos personnel and consultants who contributed significantly to the development and use of mechanized computing at and beyond Los Alamos after the war.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Replacement of Clerestory Windows at TA-03-0039 Technical Shops Building

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office (Field Office) proposes an undertaking to replace 86 clerestory windows in Building 39 in Technical Area 3 (Technical Shops Building; TA-03-0039) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. TA-03-0039 was evaluated and determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places in a report titled ESA Division’s Five-Year Plan: Consolidation and Revitalization at Technical Areas 3, 8, 11, and 16. This determination was concurred on by the State Historic Preservation Office on June 22, 2003 (McGehee et al. 2003).

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Otowi Well No. 4 Analytical Results

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Laboratory) collected soil samples near Otowi Well No. 4 on behalf of Los Alamos County (LAC) to address health and safety concerns related to potential radioactive contamination in Los Alamos canyon. Oil had spilled from Otowi Well No. 4 and sampling was to determine if radiological contamination in the soils to be excavated in response to that spill presented a health or safety risk to LAC personnel who would be involved in the cleanup. Results of the sampling event are attached to this memo.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Diversity and the citizens' advisory board: aligning disparate views for better results - 15469

The Northern New Mexico Citizens' Advisory Board (NNMCAB) is a group of -citizen experts,- i.e., experts on being citizens who take the time and focus their attention to grow more informed about nuclear science, nuclear waste remediation, and environmental monitoring issues. The Board digests complex information associated with these topics in light of the Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) and Department of Energy's (DOE) activities in Northern New Mexico and discusses and conveys this information clearly to a diverse regional stakeholder population that includes a 400+ year old Hispanic culture, a 1,000+ year old Native American pueblo culture, a highly educated scientific and technical community of federal workers and their families, rural agricultural communities, creative/artistic communities, and political and peace activists. Our Board has either representation from each of these diverse New Mexican sectors or enjoys public comment from these sectors. Projects that involve such stakeholder-expert exchanges include remediation of an underground chromium plume, continued investigation and remediation associated with a radiation leak at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, the transport of Transuranic Waste off the Los Alamos 'Hill,- the ultimate disposition of -33 Shafts,- currently in place at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the distilled voice of the citizen for continued and sufficient federal funding each year for responsible clean-up and monitoring of nuclear activities. Through the NNMCAB's communication venue of regular public meetings, mis-characterization is prevented, public input is incorporated into the official record, and recommendations to the DOE are promulgated. Scientific and technical experts join the bi-monthly NNMCAB meetings and monthly committee meetings to present and discuss current topics. The availability of these experts and their deeper reference materials is key to the interchange, as is the respectful and patient dialogue that exists between board members and the subject matter experts, both in the public forums and between meetings. Meetings are professionally organized and orchestrated to maximize the value of the experts' and board members' participation time. The professional format of the meetings ensures maximum learning and relationship-building which fosters effective channels for public dialogue. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2012

Cielo Computational Environment Usage Model: With Mappings to ACE Requirements for the General Availability User Environment Capabilities (Release V.1.1)

Cielo is a massively parallel supercomputer funded by the DOE/NNSA Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program, and operated by the Alliance for Computing at Extreme Scale (ACES), a partnership between Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The primary Cielo compute platform is physically located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This Cielo Computational Environment Usage Model documents the capabilities and the environment to be provided for the Q1 FY12 Level 2 Cielo Capability Computing (CCC) Platform Production Readiness Milestone. This document describes specific capabilities, tools, and procedures to support both local and remote users. The model is focused on the needs of the ASC user working in the secure computing environments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory, or Sandia National Laboratories, but also addresses the needs of users working in the unclassified environment. The Cielo Computational Environment Usage Model maps the provided capabilities to the tri-Lab ASC Computing Environment (ACE) Version 8.0 requirements. The ACE requirements reflect the high performance computing requirements for the Production Readiness Milestone user environment capabilities of the ASC community. A description of ACE requirements met, and those requirements that are not met, are included in each section of this document. The Cielo Computing Environment, along with the ACE mappings, has been issued and reviewed throughout the tri-Lab community.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗