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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,009 records · Page 56
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Empirical validation and comparison of methodologies to simulate micro and macro-encapsulated PCMs in the building envelope

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) has the potential to shift peak electricity demand. Passive TES is usually implemented in building envelope as micro and macro encapsulated phase change materials (PCM) to shift electric energy demand and therefore requires careful heat transfer analysis. Whole building energy modelling with simplified heat transfer analysis has become extremely important for designers, architects, engineers, and researchers to predict energy performance of buildings. It is important to validate PCM modelling algorithms used in building energy programs to quantify their error and prove their capacity to model different PCM encapsulation types. This study uses data from a microencapsulated PCM and two macroencapsulated PCMs (Bio based PCM and hydrate salts) tested in full-scale using the Advanced Multiscale Building Energy Research (AMBER) Lab located at the Colorado School of Mines and is used to validate a numerical algorithm written in MATLAB language. To approximate the heat transfer through a wall assembly with macroencapsulated PCM pouches, several modelling techniques that can reduce 3D heat transfer characteristics to 1D are explored in this research. A parallel path heat transfer modelling approach is found to give the closest agreement with the experimental data for the pouched PCMs in building envelope applications.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

House Advantage or House of Cards? Stacking the Deck for Data Videos Leads to Null Results: Preprint

Videos are becoming a ubiquitous means of sharing information on social media platforms. In response, data videos - short clips combining visualization with dynamic storytelling, audio descriptions, and spatial referencing - have gained popularity for communicating data. These affordances suggest that data videos might communicate data patterns, trends, and concepts more effectively than static visualizations, enhancing comprehension. However, existing research has not systematically tested this claim. To address this gap, we conducted three controlled studies to measure comprehension differences between data videos and static visualizations. Despite leveraging visual cues and audio explanations, no data video led to significantly better comprehension than an analogous static visualization. Our results suggest data videos are not categorically better and that future research should examine the tradeoffs between their engagement benefits and costs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2011

Hard exclusive neutral pion production at Jefferson Lab Hall A

We present measurements of the ep{yields}ep{pi}{sup 0} cross section extracted at two values of four-momentum transfer Q{sup 2} = 1.9 GeV{sup 2} and Q{sup 2} = 2.3 GeV{sup 2} at Jefferson Lab Hall A. The kinematic range allows to study the evolution of the cross section as a function of Q{sup 2} and W. Results will be confronted with Regge inspired calculations and GPD predictions. An intepretation of our data within the framework of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering has also been attempted.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Physics Prospects with GlueX

The new experiment GlueX is currently being constructed at Jefferson Lab. The experiment was designed to search for hybrid mesons with exotic-quantum-numbers using a beam of linearly polarized photons incident on a liquid hydrogen target. We will discuss the discovery potential of the GlueX experiment and briefly overview its physics program.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

TURBO: Terabits/s Using Reconfigurable Bandwidth Optics (Final Report)

Large scale, big science applications are generating petabytes of data that need to be shared among multiple locations. Moving a petabyte of data at 100 Gb/s takes 22 hours. Reducing this to single digit hours or below is clearly attractive and with future applications anticipating exabyte scale transfers, multi-terabit per second capacities are needed. This scale of capacity is available using optical systems. Core optical systems have aggregate per fiber capacities on the order of 10 Tb/s and more than 100 Tb/s system experiments have been realized in the lab. But large optical capacities are not just reserved for the core as similar system capacities are available in metro networks right up to the enterprise, campus, or data center. In general, the same technology is used today in the metro area as in the long-haul networks—reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexing (ROADM) node-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Data centers already support massive internal capacities on the scale of 100’s of Tb/s. As new photonic integrated technologies mature, for example through initiatives such as the Integrated Photonics Innovative Manufacturing Institute (IP-IMI), the cost of optical interfaces is expected to decrease, and higher capacity and higher performance interfaces will become more affordable. This set of circumstances creates the potential that Tb/s capacities will be available at the enterprise and campus level to support large scale science network applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Interpretable and flexible non-intrusive reduced-order models using reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

This paper develops an interpretable, non-intrusive reduced-order modeling technique using regularized kernel interpolation. Existing non-intrusive approaches approximate the dynamics of a reduced-order model (ROM) by solving a data-driven least-squares regression problem for low-dimensional matrix operators. Our approach instead leverages regularized kernel interpolation, which yields an optimal approximation of the ROM dynamics from a user-defined reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We show that our kernel-based approach can produce interpretable ROMs whose structure mirrors full-order model structure by embedding judiciously chosen feature maps into the kernel. The approach is flexible and allows a combination of informed structure through feature maps and closure terms via more general nonlinear terms in the kernel. We also derive a computable a posteriori error bound that combines standard error estimates for intrusive projection-based ROMs and kernel interpolants. In conclusion, the approach is demonstrated in several numerical experiments that include comparisons to operator inference using both proper orthogonal decomposition and quadratic manifold dimension reduction.

Data-driven model reduction↗
DOE OSTI2026

Neural posterior unfolding

Differential cross section measurements are the currency of scientific exchange in particle and nuclear physics. A key challenge for these analyses is the correction for detector distortions, known as deconvolution or unfolding. Binned unfolding of cross section measurements traditionally rely on the regularized inversion of the response matrix that represents the detector response, mapping pre-detector (`particle level') observables to post-detector (`detector level') observables. In this paper we introduce Neural Posterior Unfolding, a modern, Bayesian approach that leverages normalizing flows for unfolding. By using normalizing flows for neural posterior estimation, NPU offers several key advantages including implicit regularization through the neural network architecture, fast amortized inference that eliminates the need for repeated retraining, and direct access to the full uncertainty in the unfolded result. In addition to introducing NPU, we implement a classical Bayesian unfolding method called Fully Bayesian Unfolding (FBU) in modern Python so it can also be studied. These tools are validated on simple Gaussian examples and then tested on simulated jet substructure examples from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We find that the Bayesian methods are effective and worth additional development to be analysis ready for cross section measurements at the LHC and beyond.

Analysis and statistical methods↗
DOE OSTI2021

Elastic positron–proton scattering at low Q$^2$

Systematic differences in the the proton's charge radius, as determined by ordinary atoms and muonic atoms, have caused a resurgence of interest in elastic lepton scattering measurements. The proton's charge radius, defined as the slope of the charge form factor at Q$^2$=0, does not depend on the probe. Any difference in the apparent size of the proton, when determined from ordinary versus muonic hydrogen, could point to new physics or need for the higher order corrections. While recent measurements seem to now be in agreement, there is to date no high precision elastic scattering data with both electrons and positrons. A high precision proton radius measurement could be performed in Hall B at Jefferson Lab with a positron beam and the calorimeter based setup of the PRad experiment. This measurement could also be extended to deuterons where a similar discrepancy has been observed between the muonic and electronic determination of deuteron charge radius. A new, high precision measurement with positrons, when viewed alongside electron scattering measurements and the forthcoming MUSE muon scattering measurement, could help provide new insights into the origins of the proton radius puzzle, and also provide new experimental constraints on radiative correction calculations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Experimental Testing of a Floating Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter at Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory

In order to generate a public data set that can be used to validate Wave Energy Converter (WEC) numerical codes, such as WEC-Sim, Sandia National Laboratories led an experimental testing campaign of a 1:33 scale Floating Oscillating Surge Wave Energy Converter (FOSWEC) in the Directional Wave Basin at Oregon State University's Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory. Testing was performed in two phases; Phase 1 testing was completed in November - December 2015, and Phase 2 testing was completed in May - June 2016. This experimental testing report details the selection and design of a FOSWEC, experimental setup and tests, and overview of the resulting dataset from Phase 1 and Phase 2 testing.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2019

New Progress with HF-free Chemical Finishing for Nb SRF Cavities

Jefferson Lab has implemented a bipolar pulsed electropolishing system for final chemical processing of niobium SRF cavities. This FARADAYIC bi-polar electropolishing (BPEP) has been applied to single cells, a 7-cell CEBAF C100 cavity, and to 9-cell TESLA-style cavities.* As a mechanistic characterization of the process emerges, the critical role played by the local current density during each cathodic pulse is becoming clear. This influences system and operational parameter refinement. We present current process parameters, removal characterization, and rf performance of the processed cavities. This is the fruit of collaborative work between Jefferson Lab and Faraday Technology, Inc. directed toward the routine commercialization and industrialization of niobium cavity processing. We also present supporting data from controlled-parameter coupon studies.

Tian, Hui↗
DOE OSTI2014

Impact of Ducting on Heat Pump Water Heater Space Conditioning Energy Use and Comfort

Increasing penetration of heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) in the residential sector will offer an important opportunity for energy savings, with a theoretical energy savings of up to 63% per water heater and up to 11% of residential energy use (EIA 2009). However, significant barriers must be overcome before this technology will reach widespread adoption in the Pacific Northwest region and nationwide. One significant barrier noted by the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) is the possible interaction with the homes’ space conditioning system for units installed in conditioned spaces. Such complex interactions may decrease the magnitude of whole-house savings available from HPWH installed in the conditioned space in cold climates and could lead to comfort concerns (Larson et al. 2011; Kresta 2012). Modeling studies indicate that the installation location of HPWHs can significantly impact their performance and the resultant whole-house energy savings (Larson et al. 2012; Maguire et al. 2013). However, field data are not currently available to validate these results. This field evaluation of two GE GeoSpring HPWHs in the PNNL Lab Homes is designed to measure the performance and impact on the Lab Home HVAC system of a GE GeoSpring HPWH configured with exhaust ducting compared to an unducted GeoSpring HPWH during heating and cooling season periods; and measure the performance and impact on the Lab Home HVAC system of the GeoSpring HPWH with both supply and exhaust air ducting as compared to an unducted GeoSpring HPWH during heating and cooling season periods. Important metrics evaluated in these experiments include water heater energy use, HVAC energy use, whole house energy use, interior temperatures (as a proxy for thermal comfort), and cost impacts. This technical report presents results from the PNNL Lab Homes experiment.

energy efficiency↗
DOE OSTI2020

Science-informed Machine Learning to Increase Recovery Efficiency in Unconventional Reservoirs

Production of hydrocarbons from fractured, unconventional reservoirs is inherently inefficient. But machine learning offers a pathway both to increasing recovery efficiency at a site and to improving forecasts of production, thereby improving the economics of operations in unconventional reservoirs. Los Alamos—in partnership with DOE, NETL, and WVU—has been developing a science-informed workflow and platform for optimizing pressure-drawdown at a site, which will allow an operator to make reservoir-management decisions that optimize recovery in consideration of future production. This work relies on a hybridization of physics-based prediction and machine learning, whereby accurate synthetic data (in combination with available site data) can enable the application of machine learning methods for rapid forecasting and optimization. The physics-based prediction is built upon experimental and theoretical work to determine transport characteristics in shale at various scales, with an emphasis on materials from MSEEL-I; this fundamental shale R&D was conducted in partnership with DOE, NETL, and several other national labs. This work has resulted from a coordinated leveraging of developments across several projects within DOE FE30, along with internal investments from Los Alamos via LDRD. The development has utilized data from the MSEEL–I site for calibration and demonstration; however, the workflow and platform are readily extendable to operations at other sites, plays, and basins. This machine-learning method can aid operators to improve both recovery efficiency and competitiveness; to this end, future work would quantify processes for other plays/basins and integrate production details with economics.

04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation & Development of Algorithms & Techniques for Streaming Detector Readout

The advancement in microelectronics capabilities, computing, and data science in the last decade has been remarkable. With the start of the 12 GeV Science Program at Jefferson Lab (JLab) and the conceptual detector design for the upcoming Ion Collider (EIC) in mind, we have evaluated and developed the possibility of evolving and improving the existing nuclear science research workflow based on these advances. Specifically, we have prototyped components of streaming readout.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Large Load Management and Grid Planning

This presentation will cover these topics, followed by a discussion and Q&A: Grid impacts of load growth of the current bulk power system, a review of recent trends and events related to large load integration, what might these new large loads look like, what are options for reducing costs and timelines of integration, and working toward a framework for identifying hot spots for efficiently interconnecting large loads.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2011

RF-THERMAL COMBINED SIMULATIONS OF A SUPERCONDUCTING HOM COAXIAL COUPLER

To benchmark a multi-physics code VORPAL developed by Tech-X, the High Order Mode (HOM) coaxial coupler design implemented in Jefferson Lab?s 12GeV upgrade cryomodules is analyzed by use of commercial codes, such as ANSYS, HFSS and Microwave Studio. Testing data from a Horizontal Test Bench (HTB) experiment on a dual-cavity prototype are also utilized in the verification of simulation results. The work includes two stages: first, the HOM feedthrough that has a high RRR niobium probe and sapphire insulator is analyzed for the RF-thermal response when there is travelling wave passing through; second, the HTB testing condition is simulated and results from simulation are compared to thermal measurements from HTB tests. The analyses are of coupled-field nature and involve highly nonlinear temperature dependent thermal conductivities and electric resistivities for the eight types of materials used in the design. Accuracy and efficiency are the main factors in evaluation of the performance of the codes.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Studies of $\Lambda n$ interaction through polarization observables for final-state interactions in exclusive $\Lambda$ photoproduction off the deuteron

Theoretical studies suggest that experimental observables for hyperon production reactions can place stringent constraints on the free parameters of hyperon-nucleon potentials, which are critical for the understanding of hypernuclear matter and neutron stars. Here we present preliminary experimental results for the polarization observables S, Py, Ox, Oz, Cx, and Cz for final-state interactions (FSI) in exclusive L photoproduction off the deuteron. The observables were obtained from data collected during the E06-103 (g13) experiment with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The g13 experiment ran with unpolarized deuteron target and circularly- and linearly-polarized photon beams with energies between 0.5 GeV and 2.5 GeV and collected about 51010 events with multiple charged particles in the final state. To select the reaction of interest, the K+ and the L decay products, a proton and a negative pion, were detected in the CLAS. The missing-mass technique was used to identify exclusive hyperon photoproduction events. Final-state interaction events were selected by requesting that the reconstructed neutron has a momentum larger than 200 MeV/c. The large statistics of E06-103 provided statistically meaningful FSI event samples, which allow for the extraction of one- and two-fold differential single- and double-polarization observables. Here we present preliminary results for a set of six observables for photon energies between 0.9 GeV and 2.3 GeV and for several kinematic variables in the Ln center-of-mass frame. Our results are the very first estimates of polarization observables for FSI in hyperon photoproduction and will be used to constrain the free parameters of hyperon-nucleon potentials.

Ilieva, Yordanka↗
DOE OSTI2014

1 SEISMIC AMPLITUDES AND ATTENUATIONS OF GAS HYDRATEBEARING SEDIMENTS IN FRACTURED AND SAND RESERVOIRS

Seismic amplitude is principally affected by velocities above and below an interface. However, the amplitude presents attenuation on the hydrate bearing sediments. Thus, seismic interpretation relied on amplitude in elastic wave behavior can not completely reveal seismic characteristics of the hydrate bearing sediments, especially if multiple hydrate layers are present. In the paper, we discuss the physical mechanisms of intrinsic and scattering attenuations. Some previous lab measurements and viscoelastic modeling studies show attenuation behaviors on low frequency and synthetic seismic. Two offset wells provide log data of resistivity, porosity, density, and sonic velocities for identifying hydrate layers and, therefore, allow us to investigate the behaviors of attenuations. The intrinsic and scattering attenuations are significantly in strong dissolved or free gas filling fractures/faults. Hydrate filling fractures/faults are expected to have the effects of intrinsic and scattering attenuations, however it is difficult to distinguish them from no-hydrate filling fractures/faults. In no-fracture/fault zone above the BSR, significant amplitude reduction comparing to background indicates possible fracture-filling hydrate or pore-filling hydrate.

attenuation↗
DOE OSTI2011

A Lightweight, High-performance I/O Management Package for Data-intensive Computing

Our group has been working with ANL collaborators on the topic bridging the gap between parallel file system and local file system during the course of this project period. We visited Argonne National Lab -- Dr. Robert Ross's group for one week in the past summer 2007. We looked over our current project progress and planned the activities for the incoming years 2008-09. The PI met Dr. Robert Ross several times such as HEC FSIO workshop 08, SC08 and SC10. We explored the opportunities to develop a production system by leveraging our current prototype to (SOGP+PVFS) a new PVFS version. We delivered SOGP+PVFS codes to ANL PVFS2 group in 2008.We also talked about exploring a potential project on developing new parallel programming models and runtime systems for data-intensive scalable computing (DISC). The methodology is to evolve MPI towards DISC by incorporating some functions of Google MapReduce parallel programming model.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗