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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

A method for correcting the substructure of multiprong jets using the Lund jet plane

Many analyses at the CERN LHC exploit the substructure of jets to identify heavy resonances produced with high momenta that decay into multiple quarks and/or gluons. This paper presents a new technique for correcting the substructure of simulated large-radius jets from multiprong decays. The technique is based on reclustering the jet constituents into several subjets such that each subjet represents a single prong, and separately correcting the radiation pattern in the Lund jet plane of each subjet using a correction derived from data. The data presented here correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 collected by the CMS experiment between 2016–2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The correction procedure improves the agreement between data and simulation for several different substructure observables of multiprong jets. This technique establishes, for the first time, a robust calibration for the substructure of jets with four or more prongs, enabling future measurements and searches for new phenomena containing these signatures.

Hadron-Hadron Scattering↗
NASA NTRS1995

Initial vegetation species and senescience/stress indicator mapping in the San Luis Valley, Colorado using imaging spectrometer data

We analyzed AVIRIS data obtained over agricultural areas in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. The data were acquired on September 3, 1993. A combined method of radiative transfer modeling and ground calibration site reflectance was used to correct the flight data to surface reflectance. This method, called Radiative Transfer Ground Calibration, or RTGC, corrects for variable water vapor in the atmosphere and produces spectra free of artifacts with spectral channel to channel noise approaching the signal to noise of the raw data. The calibration site soil samples were obtained on the day of the overflight and measured on our laboratory spectrometer. The site was near the center of the AVIRIS scene and the spectra of the soil is spectrally bland, especially in the region of the chlorophyll absorption in the visible portion of the spectrum. The center of the scene is located at approximately 106 deg 03' longitude, 37 deg 23' latitude, and the scene covers about 92 square kilometers. This scene is one of 28 in the area for a general project to study the Summitville abandoned mine site, located in the mountains west of the San Luis Valley, and its effects on the surrounding environment.

Clark, Roger N.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Thrust Removal Scheme for the FAST-MAC Circulation Control Model Tested in the National Transonic Facility

A second wind tunnel test of the FAST-MAC circulation control semi-span model was recently completed in the National Transonic Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. The model allowed independent control of four circulation control plenums producing a high momentum jet from a blowing slot near the wing trailing edge that was directed over a 15% chord simple-hinged flap. The model was configured for transonic testing of the cruise configuration with 0deg flap deflection to determine the potential for drag reduction with the circulation control blowing. Encouraging results from analysis of wing surface pressures suggested that the circulation control blowing was effective in reducing the transonic drag on the configuration, however this could not be quantified until the thrust generated by the blowing slot was correctly removed from the force and moment balance data. This paper will present the thrust removal methodology used for the FAST-MAC circulation control model and describe the experimental measurements and techniques used to develop the methodology. A discussion on the impact to the force and moment data as a result of removing the thrust from the blowing slot will also be presented for the cruise configuration, where at some Mach and Reynolds number conditions, the thrust-removed corrected data showed that a drag reduction was realized as a consequence of the blowing.

Chan, David T.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Transition of Satellite Observations Assimilated in GEOS to JEDI

In order to incorporate the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI) in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS), which is used for weather, climate, and air quality forecasts and producing reanalysis datasets, it is necessary to validate the observing system in JEDI. NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), with the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA), is developing the Unified Forward Operator (UFO) and adding all the necessary features to replicate existing capability. Various satellite and conventional observations are assimilated by the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI)–based GEOS atmospheric data assimilations system. GMAO has been adding, validating, and updating procedures including the GEOS all-sky microwave radiance assimilation framework to assimilate those observation in UFO. Robust tests are conducted to ensure correct configurations of observational data bias correction (BC), quality control (QC), and observation error in UFO and good agreements between UFO and GSI results. Our work on satellite observations is reported in this presentation.

Jianjun Jin↗
NASA NTRS1985

Calculation of vortex-flap aerodynamic characteristics

The lateral-directional characteristics for configurations with vortex flaps were calculated by the VORSTAB code. In view of the poor correlation between the VORSTABL results and the data, it was decided to examine in detail the reasons behind the discrepancy. After corrections in the data, the characteristics were recalculated. The prediction of dihedral effect is now largely improved.

Lan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A user-friendly, menu-driven, language-free laser characteristics curves graphing program for desk-top IBM PC compatible computers

A facility was established that uses collected data and feeds it into mathematical models that generate improved data arrays by correcting for various losses, base line drift, and conversion to unity scaling. These developed data arrays have headers and other identifying information affixed and are subsequently stored in a Laser Materials and Characteristics data base which is accessible to various users. The two part data base: absorption - emission spectra and tabulated data, is developed around twelve laser models. The tabulated section of the data base is divided into several parts: crystalline, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties; aborption and emission spectra information; chemical name and formulas; and miscellaneous. A menu-driven, language-free graphing program will reduce and/or remove the requirement that users become competent FORTRAN programmers and the concomitant requirement that they also spend several days to a few weeks becoming conversant with the GEOGRAF library and sequence of calls and the continual refreshers of both. The work included becoming thoroughly conversant with or at least very familiar with GEOGRAF by GEOCOMP Corp. The development of the graphing program involved trial runs of the various callable library routines on dummy data in order to become familiar with actual implementation and sequencing. This was followed by trial runs with actual data base files and some additional data from current research that was not in the data base but currently needed graphs. After successful runs, with dummy and real data, using actual FORTRAN instructions steps were undertaken to develop the menu-driven language-free implementation of a program which would require the user only know how to use microcomputers. The user would simply be responding to items displayed on the video screen. To assist the user in arriving at the optimum values needed for a specific graph, a paper, and pencil check list was made available to use on the trial runs.

Klutz, Glenn↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tidal Energy Resource Characterization, Velocity and Turbulence Measurements, Processed Data, Cook Inlet, AK, 2021

This submission contains processed datasets from a long-term deployment of 3 moorings and a transect survey of the proposed tidal energy site off the East Forelands in Cook Inlet, AK. The long-term mooring datasets were created from 8 instruments mounted on a Terrasond High Energy Oceanographic Mooring (THEOM) bottom lander and two Mid-Water Mooring (MWM) Stablemoor buoys from 1 July 2021 to 31 August 2021 (60 days). The west-most mooring (MWM1) was deployed at 60.720225 N, 151.436196 W in ~50 m of water. The middle mooring (THEOM) was deployed at 60.720703 N, 151.429500 W in ~52 m of water. The east-most buoy (MWM2) was deployed at 60.720081 N, 151.420896 W in ~50 m of water. Each Stablemoor carried three instruments: 1. A Nortek Vector acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) mounted at the Stablemoor's nose. Data were recorded at 8 Hz on a 5 minute duty cycle every 20 minutes. Data was motion-corrected using the internal IMU and external ADCP bottom-track data and then bin-averaged into 4 minute bins and converted to the Principal (streamwise, cross-stream, vertical) coordinate system. (Note: 30 seconds were trimmed from the beginning and end of each 5 minute duty cycle to account for the filter end-effects from turning on and turning off the IMU.) 2. A down-looking Nortek Signature 1000 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted in the first Stablemoor instrument well. Data were recorded in 2 Hz with 5-beam burst and bottom-track enabled. Processed data has been averaged into 10 minute bins and converted into the Principal coordinate system. 3. An up-looking Nortek Signature 1000 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted in the second Stablemoor instrument well. Data were recorded at 4 Hz with 5 beam burst enabled. Processed data has been averaged into 10 minute bins and converted into the Principal coordinate system. Note: the down-facing ADCP on MWM1 failed on July 10th, 2021, only recording 9 days of data. Because ADV motion-correction required bottom track, the ADV from MWM1 also only has 9 days processed. Additionally, only 25 days of data were processed from the MWM2 ADV because it appeared to have been impacted by debris on 7/25. Two instruments were mounted on the THEOM (see MHKDR link further below for THEOM raw data): 4. A Nortek Vector acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Data were recorded at 8 Hz on a 5 minute duty cycle every 20 minutes. Data was bin-averaged into 5 minute bins, and converted to the Principal coordinate system. 5. A Nortek Signature 500 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Data were recorded in 4 Hz in the beam coordinate system from all 5 beams. Processed data has been averaged into 10 minutes bins and converted to the Principal coordinate system.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Binary Offset Effect in CCD Readout and Its Impact on Astronomical Data

We have discovered an anomalous behavior of CCD readout electronics that affects their use in many astronomical applications. An offset in the digitization of the CCD output voltage that depends on the binary encoding of one pixel is added to pixels that are read out one, two, and/or three pixels later. One result of this effect is the introduction of a differential offset in the background when comparing regions with and without flux from science targets. Conventional data reduction methods do not correct for this offset. We find this effect in 16 of 22 instruments investigated, covering a variety of telescopes and many different front-end electronics systems. The affected instruments include LRIS and DEIMOS on the Keck telescopes, WFC3 UVIS and STIS on HST, MegaCam on CFHT, SNIFS on the UH88 telescope, GMOS on the Gemini telescopes, HSC on Subaru, and FORS on VLT. The amplitude of the introduced offset is up to 4.5 ADU per pixel, and it is not directly proportional to the measured ADU level. We have developed a model that can be used to detect this "binary offset effect" in data, and correct for it. Understanding how data are affected and applying a correction for the effect is essential for precise astronomical measurements.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Comparison of gas analyzers for eddy covariance: Effects of analyzer type and spectral corrections on fluxes

The eddy covariance technique (EC) is used at hundreds of field sites worldwide to measure trace gas exchange between the surface and the atmosphere. Data quality and correction methods for EC have been studied empirically and theoretically for many years. The recent development of new gas analyzers has led to an increase in technological options for users. Open-path (no inlet tube) and closed-path (long inlet tube) sensors have been used for a long time, whereas enclosed-path (short inlet tube) sensors are relatively new. In this work, we tested the comparability of fluxes calculated from five different gas analyzers including two open-path (LI-7500 A from LI-COR, IRGASON from Campbell), two enclosed-path (CPEC200 from Campbell, LI-7200 from LI-COR), and one closed-path (2311-f; from Picarro) analyzers, which were all located on a single tower at an irrigated alfalfa field in Davis, CA. To effectively compare sensors with different tube characteristics we used three different spectral correction methods. We found that all sensors, regardless of type, can be used to measure fluxes if appropriate corrections are applied and quality control measures are taken. However, the comparability strongly depended on the gas (CO 2 or H 2 O) and the correction method. Average differences were below 4% for CO 2 fluxes using any spectral correction method, but for H 2 O average differences were between 4% and 13% for the different methods. The magnitude of corrections also varied strongly, especially for water vapor fluxes. This study does not identify the best sensor, but rather weighs the benefits and difficulties of each sensor and sensor type. Our findings show that enclosed and closed-path gas analyzers that measure water vapor with inlet tubes experience large high frequency attenuation and should be corrected with empirical correction methods. This information presented here about different the diverse sensors be considered by investigators when choosing a sensor for a site or when analyzing EC measurements from multiple sites.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1998

An emerging network storage management standard: Media error monitoring and reporting information (MEMRI) - to determine optical tape data integrity

Sophisticated network storage management applications are rapidly evolving to satisfy a market demand for highly reliable data storage systems with large data storage capacities and performance requirements. To preserve a high degree of data integrity, these applications must rely on intelligent data storage devices that can provide reliable indicators of data degradation. Error correction activity generally occurs within storage devices without notification to the host. Early indicators of degradation and media error monitoring 333 and reporting (MEMR) techniques implemented in data storage devices allow network storage management applications to notify system administrators of these events and to take appropriate corrective actions before catastrophic errors occur. Although MEMR techniques have been implemented in data storage devices for many years, until 1996 no MEMR standards existed. In 1996 the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved the only known (world-wide) industry standard specifying MEMR techniques to verify stored data on optical disks. This industry standard was developed under the auspices of the Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM). A recently formed AIIM Optical Tape Subcommittee initiated the development of another data integrity standard specifying a set of media error monitoring tools and media error monitoring information (MEMRI) to verify stored data on optical tape media. This paper discusses the need for intelligent storage devices that can provide data integrity metadata, the content of the existing data integrity standard for optical disks, and the content of the MEMRI standard being developed by the AIIM Optical Tape Subcommittee.

Podio, Fernando↗
NASA NTRS1978

Ray tracing evaluation of a technique for correcting the refraction errors in satellite tracking data

Errors may be introduced in satellite laser ranging data by atmospheric refractivity. Ray tracing data have indicated that horizontal refractivity gradients may introduce nearly 3-cm rms error when satellites are near 10-degree elevation. A correction formula to compensate for the horizontal gradients has been developed. Its accuracy is evaluated by comparing it to refractivity profiles. It is found that if both spherical and gradient correction formulas are employed in conjunction with meteorological measurements, a range resolution of one cm or less is feasible for satellite elevation angles above 10 degrees.

Gardner, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Validation of the AMSU-B Bias Corrections Based on Satellite Measurements from SSM/T-2

The NOAA-15 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) was designed in the same spirit as the Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Profiler (SSM/T-2) on board the DMSP F11-14 satellites, to perform remote sensing of spatial and temporal variations in mid and upper troposphere humidity. While the SSM/T-2 instruments have a 48 km spatial resolution at nadir and 28 beam positions per scan, AMSU-B provides an improvement with a 16 km spatial resolution at nadir and 90 beam positions per scan. The AMSU-B instrument, though, has been experiencing radio frequency interference (RFI) contamination from the NOAA-15 transmitters whose effect is dependent upon channel, geographic location, and current spacecraft antenna configuration. This has lead to large cross-track biases reaching as high as 100 Kelvin for channel 17 (150 GHz) and 50 Kelvin for channel 19 (183 +/-3 GHz). NOAA-NESDIS has recently provided a series of bias corrections for AMSU-B data starting from March, 1999. These corrections are available for each of the five channels, for every third field of view, and for three cycles within an eight second period. There is also a quality indicator in each data record to indicate whether or not the bias corrections should be applied. As a precursor to performing retrievals of mid and upper troposphere humidity, a validation study is performed by statistically analyzing the differences between the F14 SSM/T-2 and the bias corrected AMSU-B brightness temperatures for three months in the spring of 1999.

Kolodner, Marc A.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Total Dissolved Nitrogen and Ammonia Data for the East River Watershed, Colorado (2015-2025)

This data package contains mean values for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and ammonia concentrations for water samples taken from the East River Watershed in Colorado. The East River is part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (WFSFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin, United States. TDN was analyzed using a Shimadzu Total Nitrogen Module (TNM-1) combined with the TOC-VCSH analyzer (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). TNM-1 is a non-specific measurement of total nitrogen (TN). All nitrogen species in samples are combusted to nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, then reacted with ozone to form an excited state of nitrogen dioxide. Upon returning to ground state, light energy is emitted. Then, TDN is measured using a chemiluminescence detector. Ammonia was determined using a Lachat's QuikChem 8500 Series 2 Flow Injection Analysis System (LACHAT Instruments, QuckChem 8500 series 2, Automated Ion Analyzer, Loveland, Colorado). When ammonia in water samples is heated (60 degrees C) with salicylate and hypochlorite in an alkaline phosphate buffer, an emerald green color is produced which is proportional to the ammonia concentration. The color is intensified by the addition of nitroprusside. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is added to the buffer to prevent the interference of metal ions (Ca, Mg, and Fe etc.). Ammonia-N is then determined by LACHAT flow injection and a colorimetric assay at an absorbance wavelength 660 nm. (Reference: LACHAT Instruments: QuickChem Method 90-107-06-3-A, Determination of Ammonia by Flow Injection Analysis (High Throughput, Salicylate Method/DCIC) (Multi Matrix method). Written by Lynn Egan (Application group), February 08, 2011.) All files are labeled by location and variable, and data reported are the mean values upon replicate measurements. All samples were analyzed under a rigorous quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) process as detailed in the methods. This data package contains (1) a zip file (tdn_ammonia_data_2015-2025.zip) containing a total of 299 files: 298 data files of ammonia and TDN data from across the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) which is reported in .csv files per location and a locations.csv (1 file) with latitude and longitude for each location; (2) a file-level metadata (v7_20260901_flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata; (3) a data dictionary (v7_20260901_dd.csv) file that contains terms/column_headers used throughout the files along with a definition, units, and data type; (4) PDF and docx files for the determination of Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for TDN data, which has been updated in 2026-08; and (5) PDF and docx files for the detemination of Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for Ammonia and the Interferences by LACHAT Flow Injection Analysis. Missing values within the anion data files are noted as either "-9999" or "0.0" for not detectable (N.D.) data. There are a total of 105 locations containing TDN and Ammonia-N data. Update 2020-10-07: Updated the data files to remove times from the timestamps, so that only dates remain. The data values have not changed. Update 2021-04-11: Added Determination of Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for DIC, NPOC and TDN Analyses and Determination of Method Detection Limit for Ammonia and the Interferences by LACHAT Flow Injection Analysis documents, which can be accessed as PDFs or with Microsoft Word.Update on 6/10/2022: versioned updates to this dataset was made along with these changes: (1) updated total dissolved nitrogen and ammonia data for all locations up to 2021-12-31, (2) removal of units from column headers in datafiles, (3) added row underneath headers to contain units of variables, (4) restructure of units to comply with CSV reporting format requirements, (5) added -9999 for empty numerical cells, and (6) the addition of the file-level metadata (flmd.csv) and data dictionary (dd.csv) were added to comply with the File-Level Metadata Reporting Format. Update on 2022-09-09: Updates were made to reporting format specific files (file-level metadata and data dictionary) to correct swapped file names, add additional details on metadata descriptions on both files, add a header_row column to enable parsing, and add version number and date to file names (v2_20220909_flmd.csv and v2_20220909_dd.csv). Update on 2022-12-20: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. Units were listed incorrectly, but have been fixed to reflect correct units (ug/L). File level metadata (flmd) and data dictionary (dd) files were updated to reflect the updated versions of these files. Available data was added up until 2022-06-01. Update on 2023-08-08: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available anion data was added, up until 2023-01-05. The file level metadata and data dictionary files were updated to reflect the additional data added. Update on 2024-03-11: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available anion data was added, up until 2023-10-27. Further, revisions to the data files were made to remove incorrect data points (from 1970 and 2001). The reporting format specific files were updated to reflect the additional data added. Revised versions of the PDF and docx files for determination of MDLs for TDN were added to replace previous versions. Update on 2025-05-15: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available TDN and Ammonia-N data was added, up until the end of WY2024 (September 30, 2024). International Generic Sample Numbers (IGSNs), when registered, were added to the data files. The reporting format specific files were updated to reflect the additional data added. Update on 2026-09-01: Updates were made to both the data files and reporting format specific files. New available TDN and Ammonia-N data was added, up until the end of WY2025 (September 30, 2025). Updated versions, as of 2026-08-10, of the PDF and docx files for determination of MDLs for TDN data were added to this dataset.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

PLUSWIND Hourly Plant-Level Power

These data contain the hourly plant-level power time series from PLUSWIND. The time series is derived from the HRRR model and corrected for density and losses. The PLUSWIND dataset hosted on the Wind Data Hub here (https://a2e.energy.gov/project/pluswind) contains additional versions with meteorological corrections. Data are provided for years 2018 - 2021. The data hosted at this location include conversion from capacity factor output (normalized output) to total hourly production (units of MW).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

A Public Data Set of Auto-Generated Geotagged PV Site Equipment, Generated via Deep Learning

In this research, we present a data set over 100 photovoltaic (PV) sites in TX, which have been automatically geotagged via a fully autonomous deep learning (DL) pipeline. Specifically, locations of inverters, tracker/fixed tilt rows, batteries, and substations are labeled algorithmically. To ensure high data quality, all systems have been reviewed manually and any deep learning errors have been corrected. This public data set, as well as the open-sourced pipeline used to generate it, is valuable for site planning, modelling, and insurance purposes. Given time and resources, we hope to extend the data set to additional states/regions in the US.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1986

Data reduction, management, and analysis software for CID

In an overview of the Data Reduction System, three major steps are examined. First, the raw data tapes were selected from the onboard recorders. These tapes should provide the best quality data for the data reduction software system. These tapes contained 352 channels of data, plus the monitor channels recorded in 8 bit Pulsed Coded Modulation (PCM) words. The next step consists of transcribing the PCM tapes from 8 bit serial digital data to 8 bit parallel digital data. This puts the data in the correct format for processing. The transcription process was accomplished here at LaRC in the Central Data Transportation Facility (CDTF). The last step in this 3 step process is to process the data through the reduction system developed for the Impact Dynamic Research Facility in the early part of 1980. Processing system criteria, system interface routines, and engineering units program that reads digitized data from tapes, and file management programs are discussed.

Davis, C. W.↗
DOE OSTI2019

System for kick detection during a drilling operation

The disclosure provides a kick detection system for use during a drilling operation where wellbore kick warnings are provided based on indications of standoff conditions in a compensated instrument system. The system provides a warning of a potential kick condition by analyzing a current instrument compensation against a time series of past compensations, in order to monitor whether conditions within the standoff region of the wellbore are unexpectedly changing. The system comprises a source, a short-spaced detector, and a long-spaced detector, and a processor receives the short-spaced signal and the long-spaced signal, compensates the long-spaced signal, and generates standoff data reflecting the corrections applied to the long-range signal. The processor determines and maintains the standoff data as a time series and periodically compares a recent data point to a moving average in order to evaluate indications of a potential well kick.

Rose, Kelly K.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Joint Non-Parametric Correction Estimator for Excess Relative Risk Regression in Survival Analysis with Exposure Measurement Error

Summary Observational epidemiological studies often confront the problem of estimating exposure–disease relationships when the exposure is not measured exactly. We investigate exposure measurement error in excess relative risk regression, which is a widely used model in radiation exposure effect research. In the study cohort, a surrogate variable is available for the true unobserved exposure variable. The surrogate variable satisfies a generalized version of the classical additive measurement error model, but it may or may not have repeated measurements. In addition, an instrumental variable is available for individuals in a subset of the whole cohort. We develop a non-parametric correction estimator by using data from the subcohort and further propose a joint non-parametric correction estimator using all observed data to adjust for exposure measurement error. An optimal linear combination estimator of the joint non-parametric correction and non-parametric correction is further developed. The estimators proposed are non-parametric, which are consistent without imposing a covariate or error distribution, and are robust to heteroscedastic errors. Finite sample performance is examined via a simulation study. We apply the developed methods to data from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, in which chromosome aberration is used to adjust for the effects of radiation dose measurement error on the estimation of radiation dose responses.

Wang, Ching-Yun↗