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At least 1,027 records · Page 57

Synchronization tracking in pulse position modulation receiver

A clock pulse generator for decoding pulse position modulation in an optical communication receiver is synchronized by a delay tracking loop which multiplies impulses of a data pulse by the square wave clock pulses from the generator to produce positive impulses when the clock pulse is of one level, and negative impulses when the clock pulse is of another level. A delay tracking loop integrates the impulses and produces an error signal that adjusts the delay so the clock pulses will be synchronized with data pulses. A dead-time tau sub d is provided between data pulses of an interval tau sub p in the data pulse period tau. When synchronized, the average number of positive impulses integrated will equal the average number of negative impulses over the continuous stream of data pulses.

Vilnrotter, Victor A.↗

A synchronous data analyzer for the Minimum Delay Data Format (MDDF) and Launch Trajectory Acquisition System (LTAS)

The Synchronous Data Analyzer gives its user an independent source for checking the validity of raw MDDF and LTAS data. Its ability to produce real-time displays comprised of decoded parameters as well as its ability to capture several frames for non-real-time display makes it a valuable tool for monitoring and troubleshooting applications involving these data formats. Its composition of portable firmware and mostly commercial hardware makes it a low cost, easily fabricated product.

Green, Andrew J.↗

Phase error statistics of a phase-locked loop synchronized direct detection optical PPM communication system

Receiver timing synchronization of an optical Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) communication system can be achieved using a phased-locked loop (PLL), provided the photodetector output is suitably processed. The magnitude of the PLL phase error is a good indicator of the timing error at the receiver decoder. The statistics of the phase error are investigated while varying several key system parameters such as PPM order, signal and background strengths, and PPL bandwidth. A practical optical communication system utilizing a laser diode transmitter and an avalanche photodiode in the receiver is described, and the sampled phase error data are presented. A linear regression analysis is applied to the data to obtain estimates of the relational constants involving the phase error variance and incident signal power.

Natarajan, Suresh↗

The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report

Developments in programs managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Office of Telecommunications and Data Acquisition are discussed. Topics discussed include sorption compression/mechanical expanded hybrid refrigeration, calculated 70-meter antenna performance for offset L-band, systolic arrays and stack decoding, and calibrations of Deep Space Network antennas.

Posner, E. C.↗

The Spartan attitude control system - Ground support computer

The Spartan Attitude Control System (ACS) contains a command and control computer. This computer is optimized for the activities of the flight and contains very little human interface hardware and software. The computer system provides the technicians testing of Spartan ACS with a convenient command-oriented interface to the flight ACS computer. The system also decodes and time tags data automatically sent out by the flight computer as key events occur. The duration and magnitude of all system maneuvers is also derived and displayed by this system. The Ground Support Computer is also the primary Ground Support Equipment for the flight sequencer which controls all payload maneuvers, and long term program timing.

Schnurr, R. G., Jr.↗

The mission configuration process for the Spartan attitude control system

The Spartan attitude control system (ACS) control electronics assembly cold plate has a standard connector interface to the rest of the Spartan payload and ground equipment. The connectors carry gyro signals, optical sensor signals, the experiment interface, the gas command decoder interface, and a pneumatics interface. Different flights can employ different optical sensor complements; the ACS engineer must accordingly connect the sensor error signals to the proper pins and connectors on the ACS electronics.

Stone, R. W.↗

Electronic timer for sounding rocket payload use

An electronic timer has been developed for sounding rocket use. The timer uses CMOS technology for low power consumption and has a battery back-up to keep the timing circuit active in case of a dropout on the payload power bus. Time-event decoding is done by programming EPROM's which enable a +28 volt dc sourcing output. There are 32 discrete outputs which can provide +28 volt dc into a minimum load impedance of 150 ohms. Inputs are designed to operate on standard CMOS voltage levels, but they can withstand +28 volts dc without damage. The timer can be started by either 'G' or lift-off switch closure or umbilical release at lift-off.

Williams, C. P.↗

Combined coding and delay-throughput analysis for fading channels of mobile satellite communications

This paper presents the analysis of using the punctured convolutional code with Viterbi decoding to improve communications reliability. The punctured code rate is optimized so that the average delay is minimized. The coding gain in terms of the message delay is also defined. Since using punctured convolutional code with interleaving is still inadequate to combat the severe fading for short packets, the use of multiple copies of assignment and acknowledgment packets is suggested. The performance on the average end-to-end delay of this protocol is analyzed. It is shown that a replication of three copies for both assignment packets and acknowledgment packets is optimum for the cases considered.

Wang, C. C.↗

Further results on finite-state codes

A general construction for finite-state (FS) codes is applied to some well-known block codes. Subcodes of the (24,12) Golay code are used to generate two optimal FS codes with d sub free = 12 and 16. A partition of the (16,8) Nordstrom-Robinson code yields a d sub free = 10 FS code. Simulation results are shown and decoding algorithms are briefly discussed.

Pollara, F.↗

Trellis-coded CPM for satellite-based mobile communications

Digital transmission for satellite-based land mobile communications is discussed. To satisfy the power and bandwidth limitations imposed on such systems, a combination of trellis coding and continuous-phase modulated signals are considered. Some schemes based on this idea are presented, and their performance is analyzed by computer simulation. The results obtained show that a scheme based on directional detection and Viterbi decoding appears promising for practical applications.

Abrishamkar, Farrokh↗

Development of a coded 16-ary CPFSK coherent demodulator

Theory and hardware are described for a proof-of-concept 16-ary continuous phase frequency shift keying (16-CPFSK) digital modem. The 16 frequencies are spaced every 1/16th baud rate for 2 bits/sec/Hz operation. Overall rate 3/4 convolutional coding is incorporated. The demodulator differs significantly from typical quadrature phase detector approaches in that phase is coherently measured by processing the baseband output of a frequency discriminator. Baud rate phase samples from the baseband processor are decoded to yield the original data stream. The method of encoding onto the 16-ary phase nodes, together with convolutional coding gain, results in near quad PSK (QPSK) performance. The modulated signal is of constant envelope; thus the power amplifier can be saturated for peak performance. The spectrum is inherently bandlimited and requires no RF filter.

Clarke, Ken↗

Advanced Receiver tracking of Voyager 2 near solar conjunction

The Advanced Receiver (ARX) was used to track the Voyager 2 spacecraft at low Sun-Earth-Probe (SEP) angles near solar conjunction in December of 1987. The received carrier signal exhibited strong fluctuations in both phase and amplitude. The ARX used spectral estimation and mathematical modeling of the phase and receiver noise processes to set an optimum carrier tracking bandwidth. This minimized the mean square phase error in tracking carrier phase and thus minimized the loss in the telemetry signal-to-noise ratio due to the carrier loop. Recovered symbol SNRs and errors in decoded engineering data for the ARX are compared with those for the current Block 3 telemetry stream. Optimum bandwidths are plotted against SEP angle. Measurements of the power spectral density of the solar phase and amplitude fluctuations are also given.

Brown, D. H.↗

A rate-transparent, self-clocking line code

A reliable and economical new transmission code is presented with the following properties: zero dc content, baseband bandwidth conservation, self-clocking capability, and data-rate-transparent decoding and synchronization. Simple encoder/decoder and clock extractor circuits are given. The code is demonstrated in a wavelength-multiplexed fiber-optic communication system.

Prucnal, Paul R.↗

Propagation delay measurements from a timing sampler intended for use in space

A 3-micron CMOS timing sampler is described which is a test circuit designed into the Jet Propulsion Labs' CRRES chip to be flown on the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES). The timing sampler consists of 64 inverter-pair stages with sampling latches and decoder circuitry. The sampler is used to measure inverter-pair propagation delays, which are nominally 2.5 ns, with a resolution of 100 ps. A simple model was developed to explain the radiation-induced inverter-pair delay shifts in terms of radiation-induced MOSFET threshold-voltage shifts and effective modal capacitances. The magnitude of the shift in pair delay with radiation was estimated at the point where the n-MOSFET threshold voltage became zero. For a 0.7-V-threshold shift, the pair delay increased from its preradiation value by 360 ps for a rising step input and decreased by 190 ps for a falling step input.

Blaes, B. R.↗

A pipeline design of a fast prime factor DFT on a finite field

A conventional prime factor discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm is used to realize a discrete Fourier-like transform on the finite field, GF(q sub n). This algorithm is developed to compute cyclic convolutions of complex numbers and to decode Reed-Solomon codes. Such a pipeline fast prime factor DFT algorithm over GF(q sub n) is regular, simple, expandable, and naturally suitable for VLSI implementation. An example illustrating the pipeline aspect of a 30-point transform over GF(q sub n) is presented.

Truong, T. K.↗

Potential GPS user architecture for the NASA Space Station based on Landsat 4/5 experience

A Landsat 4/5 GPS system is described which uses an inertial reference attitude control system and precision real-time ephemeris generation to achieve precision earth pointing. The system has application to the validation of the use of GPS for the low earth orbit navigation of the Space Station. The present system consists of a receiver/processor assembly (R/PA), an L-band GPS antenna, a precision oscillator, and the Landsat computer. The R/PA is integrated with a GPS receiver which selects, acquires, tracks, times, and decodes navigation signals from GPS satellites in order to derive ephemerides. Ephemeris estimates were found to be accurate to better than 50 meters.

Korenstein, David A.↗

Capacity and cutoff rate calculations for a concatenated coding system

A model is developed for a concatenated coding system, and from it the overall channel cutoff rate and capacity is found using random coding arguments. The effects of interleaving between the inner and outer codes and of the availability of side information to the outer decoder are considered. The performance of several specific concatenated coding systems is calculated and used for comparison with the random coding results. From the analysis, a number of general conclusions regarding the design of concatenated coding systems are presented. All the results are derived assuming a block inner code.

Herro, Mark A.↗

Spatial compression of Seasat SAR imagery

The results of a study of techniques for spatial compression of synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) imagery are summarized. Emphasis is on image-data volume reduction for archive and online storage applications while preserving the image resolution and radiometric fidelity. A quantitative analysis of various techniques, including vector quantization (VQ) and adaptive discrete cosine transform (ADCT), is presented. Various factors such as compression ratio, algorithm complexity, and image quality are considered in determining the optimal algorithm. The compression system requirements are established for electronic access of an online archive system based on the results of a survey of the science community. The various algorithms are presented and their results evaluated considering the effects of speckle noise and the wide dynamic range inherent in SAR imagery. The conclusion is that although the ADCT produces the best signal-to-distortion-noise ratio for a given compression ratio, the two-level tree-searched VQ technique is preferred due to its simplicity of decoding and near-optimal performance.

Chang, C. Y.↗